A&p Ii Final Exam Ch. 21

Front 1

Which of the following is not one of the functions of the respiratory system?

Back 1

assist with the flow of arterial blood

Front 2

Which of the following is NOT part of the upper respiratory tract?

Back 2

trachea

Front 3

The process of respiration that moves air into and out of the lungs is:

Back 3

pulmonary ventilation.

Front 4

Pulmonary gas exchange occurs in the:

Back 4

respiratory zone.

Front 5

During inspiration, after leaving the larynx, air enters the __________.

Back 5

trachea

Front 6

Compared to bronchi, bronchioles have __________.

Back 6

more smooth muscle

Front 7

What is the advantage of breathing through the nose rather than the mouth?

Back 7

The nose warms, humidifies, and filters inhaled air

Front 8

The majority of the nasal cavity is lined with:

Back 8

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.

Front 9

What is the function of the goblet cells?

Back 9

secrete mucus

Front 10

In what order does air inhaled through the nose travel, from superior to inferior?

Back 10

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

Front 11

Which pharynx region is lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium?

Back 11

nasopharynx

Front 12

What flap of elastic cartilage keeps food and liquids from entering the larynx during swallowing?

Back 12

epiglottis

Front 13

Upon removal of the larynx, a person would no longer be able to:

Back 13

produce sounds

Front 14

Why are the rings of cartilage surrounding the trachea C-shaped?

Back 14

The C rings of cartilage allow the esophagus to expand during swallowing, allow the trachea to change diameter during breathing, and keep the trachea patent (open).

Front 15

What sweeps foreign debris from the lower respiratory passages?

Back 15

cilia

Front 16

Air travels from the respiratory bronchioles to the:

Back 16

alveolar ducts.

Front 17

Gas exchange occurs in all of the following EXCEPT:

Back 17

terminal bronchioles.

Front 18

What epithelium forms the alveolus?

Back 18

simple squamous epithelium

Front 19

Which of the following muscles is involved in normal quiet inspiration?

Back 19

external intercostal muscles

Front 20

The movement of air in and out of the lungs is called __________.

Back 20

pulmonary ventilation

Front 21

pulmonary ventilation

Back 21

the volume of the lungs increases and the intrapulmonary pressure decreases

Front 22

What happens to the lungs if intrapleural pressure equals or increases above atmospheric pressure?

Back 22

collapse

Front 23

Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is:

Back 23

greater than atmospheric pressure.

Front 24

Which of the following is a factor on which expiration depends?

Back 24

recoil of elastic tissue in the lungs

Front 25

What reduces alveolar surface tension?

Back 25

surfactant

Front 26

Vital capacity =

Back 26

tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume

Front 27

The volume that remains in the lungs after a forced expiration is the:

Back 27

residual volume.

Front 28

The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in systemic arterial blood is __________.

Back 28

40 mm Hg

Front 29

Carbon dioxide has a relatively high solubility in blood plasma although it has a very low partial pressure. What law describes this phenomenon?

Back 29

Henry's law

Front 30

What determines the direction of respiratory gas movement?

Back 30

partial pressure gradient

Front 31

The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood of pulmonary capillaries is approximately:

Back 31

45 mm Hg.

Front 32

Which of the following will cause increased oxygen unloading from hemoglobin?

Back 32

increase in BPG

Front 33

Most of the oxygen transported by blood is __________.

Back 33

bound to hemoglobin

Front 34

The majority of carbon dioxide is transported:

Back 34

as the bicarbonate ion.

Front 35

What is NOT true of the effects of hypoventilation?

Back 35

hydrogen ion concentration in the blood decreases

Front 36

Respiratory acidosis results from:

Back 36

hypoventilation.

Front 37

The neurons that control the basic rhythm for breathing are located in the __________.

Back 37

RRG

Front 38

Which of the following is NOT one of the four major processes of respiration?

Back 38

oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve

Front 39

Which of the following diseases is characterized by loss of alveolar surface area __________.

Back 39

emphysema

Front 40

The most important stimulus that induces changes in ventilation is:

Back 40

partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.

Front 41

Which of the following counteracts the movement of bicarbonate ions from the RBCs?

Back 41

the chloride shift

Front 42

The affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen increases with:

Back 42

slower metabolic rate.

Front 43

Hyperventilation leads to __________.

Back 43

a decrease in hydrogen ion concentration

Front 44

An increase in blood PCO2 will cause __________.

Back 44

decrease in blood pH

Front 45

Through what openings of the nose does inhaled air enter the upper respiratory tract?

Back 45

anterior nares

Front 46

Each lung is situated within a subcavity of the thoracic cavity known as the:

Back 46

pleural cavity.