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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Groups of cells that are anatomically similar and share a function are called _______ |
tissues |
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How many primary tissue types are found in the body? |
4
epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous |
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True/False Endocrine and exocrine glands are classified as epithelial because they usually develop from epithelial membranes. |
True |
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Epithelial tissues can be classified according to cell shape. ______ epithelial cells are scalelike. |
squamous |
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All connective tissue is derived from an embryonic tissue known as ______ |
mesenchyme |
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All of the following are examples of connective tissue except:
Bones, Ligaments, Neurons, Tendons |
neurons |
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True/False Blood is a type of connective tissue. |
True |
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Of the two major cell types found in nervous tissue, ______ are highly specialized to generate and conduct electrical signals.
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neurons |
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How many basic types of muscle tissue are there? |
3
smooth, cardiac, skeletal
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This type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of hollow organs. It has no striations, and its cells are spindle shaped. |
smooth muscle |
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Define tissue |
groups of cells that are similar in structure and function |
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Major tissue type:
lines body cavities and covers the body's external surface |
epithelial |
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Major tissue type:
pumps blood, flushes urine out of the body, allows one to swing a bat |
muscular |
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Major tissue type:
transmits electrical signals |
nervous |
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Major tissue type:
anchors, packages, and supports body organs |
connective |
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Major tissue type:
cells may absorb, secrete, and filter |
epithelium |
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Major tissue type:
most involved in regulating and controlling body function |
nervous |
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Major tissue type:
major function is to contract |
muscle |
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Major tissue type:
synthesizes hormones |
epithelium |
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Major tissue type:
the most durable tissue type |
connective |
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Major tissue type:
abundant nonliving extracellular matrix |
connective |
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Major tissue type:
most widespread tissue in the body |
connective |
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Major tissue type:
forms nerves and the brain |
nervous |
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Describe 5 general characteristics of epithelial tissue |
1. Polarity 2. Specialized contacts (cells fit closely together forming continuous sheets) 3. Supported by connective tissue 4. Avascular but innervated 5. Regeneration |
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On what basis are epithelial tissues classified |
number of layers and cell shape |
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List 5 major functions of epithelium in the body, and give examples of each |
1. protection; skin 2. absorption; stomach lining 3. excretion; sweat 4. secretion; glands 5. filtration; kidney tubules |
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How does the function of stratified epithelia differ from the function of simple epithelia |
simple = one layer; stratified layer = multiple layers
simple does not offer as much protection |
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Where is ciliated epithelium found |
lining of the trachea, upper respiratory tract |
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What role does ciliated epithelium play |
keeps mucos and debris from the lungs by moving in an upward direction |
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Transitional epithelium is actually stratified squamous epithelium with special characteristics.
How does it differ structurally from other stratified squamous epithelia? |
it is rounded or plump |
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Transitional epithelium is actually stratified squamous epithelium with special characteristics.
How does the structurally difference support its function? |
The difference in the structure supports the function so that it has the ability to slide over one another so the organ can be stretched. |
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How do the endocrine and exocrine glands differ in structure and function |
Endocrine glands do not have ducts; their function is to release all hormones into the extracellular fluid where they enter the bloodstream and lymphatic system.
Exocrine glands have ducts; their function is to secrete through the ducts to an epithelial surface |
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tissue:
lining of the esophagus |
stratified squamous |
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tissue:
lining of the stomach |
simple columnar |
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tissue:
alveolar sacs of the lungs |
simple squamous |
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tissue:
tubules of the kidney |
simple cuboidal |
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tissue:
epidermis of the skin |
stratified squamous |
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tissue:
lining of the bladder; peculiar cells that have the ability to slide over each other |
transitional |
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tissue:
forms the thin serous membranes, a single layer of flattened cells |
simple squamous |
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What are the 3 characteristics of connective tissue |
1. rich supply of blood vessels 2. composed of many types of cells 3. noncellular, nonliving material (matrix) between the cells |
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What functions are performed by the connective tissue |
protection, support, and binding |
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How are the functions of connective tissue reflected in its structure |
the provides strength to protect the body |
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attaches bone to bone and muscles to bones |
dense fibrous connective tissue |
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insulates against heat loss |
adipose connective tissue |
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the dermis of the skin |
elastic connective tissue |
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makes up the intervertebral discs |
fibrocartilage |
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forms the hip bone |
osseous tissue |
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composes the basements; a soft packaging tissue with a jellylike matrix |
areolar connective tissue |
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forms the larynx, the costal cartilages of the ribs, and the embryonic skeleton |
hyaline cartilage |
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provides a flexible framework for the outer ear |
elastic cartilage |
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firm, structurally amorphous matrix heavily invaded with fibers; appears glassy and smooth |
hyaline cartilage |
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matrix hard owing to calcium salts; provides levers for muscles to act on |
osseous tissue |
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acts as storage depot for fat |
adipose connective tissue |
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walls of large arteries |
elastic connective tissue |
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Why do adipose cells remind people of a ring wit a single jewel |
because of he large fat-filled vacuole; nucleus is pushed to the periphery giving the cell a "signet ring" appearance |
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