A&p Lab Exercise 11 (Th)

Front 1

Name one of the two functions of an articulation, or joint

Back 1

1. holds bones together

2. allows flexibility for movement

Front 2

The functional classification of joints is based on

Back 2

amount of movement allowed by the joint

Front 3

Structural classification of joints include fibrous, cartilaginous, and _____, which have a fluid-filled cavity between articulating bones

Back 3

synovial

Front 4

Sutures, which have their irregular edges of bone joined by short fibers of connective tissue, are an example of _____ joints

Back 4

fibrous

Front 5

True/False

All synovial joints are diarthroses, or freely moveable joints

Back 5

True

Front 6

Every muscle of the body is attached to a bone or other connective tissue structure at two points, The ____ is the more moveable attachment

Back 6

insertion

Front 7

The hip joint is an example of _____ synovial joint

Back 7

ball and joint

Front 8

Movement of a limb away from the midline or median plane of the body in the frontal plane is known as

Back 8

abduction

Front 9

This type of movement is common in ball and socket joints and can be described as the movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis. It is _____

Back 9

rotation

Front 10

True/False

The knee joint is the most freely moveable joint in the body

Back 10

False (it is the shoulder)

Front 11

typically allows a slight degree of movement

Back 11

cartilaginous

Front 12

includes joints between the vertebral bodies and the pubic symphosis

Back 12

cartilaginous

Front 13

essentially immovable joints

Back 13

fibrous

Front 14

sutures are the most remembered examples

Back 14

fibrous

Front 15

characterized by cartilage connecting the bony portions

Back 15

cartilaginous

Front 16

all characterized by a fibrous articular capsule lined with a synovial membrane surrounding a joint cavity

Back 16

synovial

Front 17

all are freely movable or diarthortic

Back 17

synovial

Front 18

bone regions united by fibrous connective tissue

Back 18

fibrous

Front 19

include the hip, knee, and elbow joints

Back 19

synovial

Front 20

ligament

Back 20

dense connective tissue made out of fascia that connects one bone to another; helps stabalize joints during movement

Front 21

articular catilage

Back 21

connective tissue, cushions bones from rubbing on each other, allows gliding motion

Front 22

tendon

Back 22

connective tissue, connects muscles to bone

Front 23

synovial membrane

Back 23

soft connective tissue; secretes synovial fluid that lubricates the joint and reduces friction between bones in joints

Front 24

bursa

Back 24

fibrous connective tissue; prevents friction within the joints

Front 25

Back 25

...

Front 26

joint between the axis and atlas

Back 26

pivot

Front 27

hip joint

Back 27

ball and socket

Front 28

intervertebral joints

Back 28

condylar

Front 29

joint between forearm bones and wrist

Back 29

condylar

Front 30

elbow

Back 30

hinge

Front 31

interphalangeal joints

Back 31

hinge

Front 32

intercarpal joints

Back 32

plane

Front 33

joint between talus and tibia/fibula

Back 33

hinge

Front 34

joint between skull and vertebral column

Back 34

condylar

Front 35

joint between jaw and skull

Back 35

hinge

Front 36

joints between proximal phalanges and metacarpal bones

Back 36

condylar

Front 37

a multiaxial joint

Back 37

ball and socket

Front 38

biaxial joints

Back 38

condylar and saddle

Front 39

uniaxial joints

Back 39

hinge and pivot

Front 40

Indicate the number of planes which each joint can move

uniaxial joints (a)____

biaxial joints (b)___

multiaxial joints (c)___

Back 40

(a) 1

(b) 2

(c) 3

Front 41

define condylar joint

Back 41

(biaxial) the oval condyle of one bone fits into an ellipsoidal depression in another bone to allow movement in two planes, usually flexion/extension and abduction/adduction

Ex: wrist and knuckles

Front 42

define plane joint

Back 42

(nonaxial) articulating surfaces are flat or slightly curved. These surfaces allow only grinding movements as the surfaces slide past one another.

Ex: intercarpal joints, joints between vertebral articular surface

Front 43

define hinge joint

Back 43

(uniaxial) the runded or cylindrical process of one bone fits into the concave surface of another bone, allowing movement in one plane, usually flexion/extension

Ex: elbow

Front 44

define pivot joint

Back 44

(uniaxial) the rounded surface of one bone articulates with a shallow depression or foramen in another bone, permitting rotational movement in one plane

Ex: proximal radioulnar joint

Front 45

define saddle joint

Back 45

(biaxial) articulating surfaces are saddle shaped; one surface is convex, and the other is concave. This type of joint permits movement in two planes, flexion/extension and abduction/adduction

Ex: carpometacarpal joints of the thumbs

Front 46

define ball and socket joints

Back 46

(multiaxial) the ball shaped head of one bone fits into a cuplike depression depression of another bone. These joints permit flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and rotation, which combines to allow movement in many planes

Ex: shoulder and hip

Front 47

What characteristic do all joints have in common

Back 47

movement

Front 48

Which joint is more stable hip or or knee

Back 48

hip

Front 49

Name two important factors that contribute to the stability of the hip

Back 49

1. deep sockets

2. ligaments

Front 50

Name two important factors that contribute to the stability of the knee

Back 50

1. strength of the anterior/posterior cruciform ligaments

2. integrity of the cartilage on bones at the knees

Front 51

Back 51

...

Front 52

The shoulder joint is built for mobility. List 4 factors that contribute to the large range of motion at the shoulder

Back 52

1. ball and socket joint

2. glenoid labrum deepens the cavity

3. few reinforcing ligaments

4. thin/loose articular cartilage encloses the joint

Front 53

In which direction does the shoulder usually dislocate

Back 53

downward displacement of the humerus

Front 54

During muscle contraction, the (a)_____ moves toward the (b)_____

Back 54

(a) insertion

(b) origin

Front 55

What structural joint changes are common to the elderly

Back 55

degeneration, adhesions may form at bone ligaments, extraneous bone tissue can grow along the joint edges

Front 56

define sprain

Back 56

ligaments are stretched or torn away from the bony attachment

Front 57

define dislocation

Back 57

bones are forced out of their normal position in the joint cavity

Front 58

What types of tissue damage might you expect to find in a dislocated joint

Back 58

torn or stressed ligaments