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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Ice Age
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A period of extreme glaciers that covered the earth
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Homo erectus
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Pre-evolved homo sapien; did not have language but walked similar to human
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“Great Ice Age"
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The Ice Age which made the land bridge that brought tribes from Russia to North America
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Race
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A culture formed from the environment and climate of the group’s inhabitant area
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Pyrenees
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Mountains that divide Spain from France
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Key Rivers in Europe
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Development near rivers lead to the importance of certain rivers in Europe including: the Thames River (London), Seine River (Paris), Danube River (Vienna and Budapest) and Vistula River (Warsaw)
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modern
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Complicated way of living or what is recent or current
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Megaliths
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Big rock structures, one of the most famous is Stonehenge
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Indo-European
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The languages related to those now spoken in Iran and India; the people who speak these languages are ancestors of classical Romans and Greeks. All languages in Europe today are Indo-European (except Finnish, Hungarian and Basque) including Latin, Greek, Germanic, Slavic, Celtic and Baltic
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City-state
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Small civilizations within Greece which frequently were at war with each other and changed government type
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Oligarchy
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Few representatives ruling over the entire population
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“classical virtues”
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The value of order, system and symmetry of the Greeks- was seen in their architecture, statues and writing
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Galen
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Famous Greek who wrote an encyclopedia of ancient science on medicine
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Roman Provinces
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The Roman empire conquered most of the ancient world west of Persia: Egypt, Greece, Asia Minor and Syria- had the most peoples ever governed from a single center
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Romanization
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The rapid spread of the Roman culture through its provinces and the rest of Europe, including the spoken use of West Latin in most countries
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Romance languages
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The languages transformed from West Latin: French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, and Romanian
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Orbis terrarium
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The circle of land controlled by the Roman empire
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Pax Romana
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The Roman empire kept peace, and held justice within its people
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Roman law
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Was a body of principles established by Roman lawyers and favored the state interests rather than the interests of individual people
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Caesaropapism
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Is the holding of one man by the powers of ruler and of pontiff; also that spiritual and political power were joined
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St. Augustine
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Wrote the City of God- about how there are two different cities, earthly and heavenly and that the emperor is a man, not God
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Constantine
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Emperor of Rome who embraced Christianity and created Constantinople
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barbarians
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People who didn’t speak Latin or Greek and were never brought into civilization (Celts in Wales and Scotland, Germans and Persians)
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Byzantine Empire
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The later Greece and Rome which included the Asia Minor peninsula, Balkan peninsula and parts of Italy; it was Christian in religion and Greek in culture and language
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Caliphate
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The successor of Muhammad
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Latin Christendom
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Italy, France, Belgium, Rhineland and Britain where the government had fallen and the lands were taken inhabited by barbarians
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Bishopric
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A government in control of a bishop and the Church
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Rule of St. Benedict
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Monasteries had specific schedule of praying and working under the control of St. Benedict
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“Petrine Supremacy”
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Endowment of Rome’s government to the bishop
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Donation of Constantine
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Showed that the emperor had given the rule of Rome to the bishop; wasn’t found to be a forgery until the 15th century
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Romance languages
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The languages transformed from West Latin: French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, and Romanian
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Orbis terrarium
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The circle of land controlled by the Roman empire
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Pax Romana
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The Roman empire kept peace, and held justice within its people
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Roman law
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Was a body of principles established by Roman lawyers and favored the state interests rather than the interests of individual people
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Caesaropapism
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Is the holding of one man by the powers of ruler and of pontiff; also that spiritual and political power were joined
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St. Augustine
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Wrote the City of God- about how there are two different cities, earthly and heavenly and that the emperor is a man, not God
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Constantine
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Emperor of Rome who embraced Christianity and created Constantinople
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barbarians
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People who didn’t speak Latin or Greek and were never brought into civilization (Celts in Wales and Scotland, Germans and Persians)
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Byzantine Empire
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The later Greece and Rome which included the Asia Minor peninsula, Balkan peninsula and parts of Italy; it was Christian in religion and Greek in culture and language
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Caliphate
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The successor of Muhammad
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Latin Christendom
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Italy, France, Belgium, Rhineland and Britain where the government had fallen and the lands were taken inhabited by barbarians
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Bishopric
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A government in control of a bishop and the Church
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Rule of St. Benedict
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Monasteries had specific schedule of praying and working under the control of St. Benedict
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“Petrine Supremacy”
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Endowment of Rome’s government to the bishop
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Donation of Constantine
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Showed that the emperor had given the rule of Rome to the bishop; wasn’t found to be a forgery until the 15th century
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Charlemagne
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Crowned the first Holy Roman Emperor by the pope (prior to that he was a Frankish king); pushed Muslims out of Spain, but couldn’t get the Eastern empire
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Aix-la-Chapelle
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The new capital of the Holy Roman Empire because it was close to Charlemagne
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Harun al Rashid
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the great caliph at Bagdad
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Magyars
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Hungarian barbarians
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Vikings
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a tribe of Germanic barbarians who settled in Scandinavia
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Kiev
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the capital of Ukraine which the Vikings captured
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Great Schism of the East and West
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the West and the East began to drift apart. The East not recognizing the bishop of Constatinople was a great factor in this breakup
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Secular
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Not religious
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Serfdom
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Villagers worked in the lord’s estate in return for protection, but they could not leave
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“nucleated” villages
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communities of the rural population who wanted more security, more contact between families and better access to blacksmith or priest. They also had communally organized agriculture
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“three-field” system
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Divided the land into three parts and rotated the crops that they would plant every year (each year one part would be unplanted); gave the village a greater food supply
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Feudalism
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the count gave protection to the lesser lords in return for peace and military support- he became their lord and they became his vassals
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Hugh Capet
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Was elected king of France by the lords
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William, Duke of Normandy
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Conquered and developed feudalism in England
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Manor System
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The lord kept serfs at his manor to work the land in return for protection
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