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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Polar molecule |
A molecule (such as water) with opposite charges on opposite sides. |
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Cohesion |
The binding together of like molecules, often by hydrogen bonds. |
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Adhesion |
The attraction between different kinds of molecules. |
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Surface tension |
A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid. Water has a high surface tension because of the hydrogen bonding of surface molecules. |
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Kinetic energy |
The energy of motion, which is directly related to the speed of that motion. Moving matter does work by imparting motion to other matter. |
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Heat |
The total amount of kinetic energy due to molecular motion in a body of matter. Heat is energy in its most random form. |
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Temperature |
A measure of the intensity of heat in degrees, reflecting the average kinetic energy of the molecules. |
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Celsius scale |
A temperature scale (°C) equal to 5/9 (°F — 32) that measures the freezing point of water at 0°C and the boiling point of water at 100°C. |
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Calorie (cal) |
The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1°C; also the amount of heat energy that 1 g of water releases when it cools by 1°C. The Calorie (with capital C), usually used to indicate the energy content of food, is kilocalorie. |
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Kilocalorie (kcal) |
A thousand calories; the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1°C. |
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Joule (J) |
A unit of energy: 1 J = 0.239 cal; 1 cal = 4.184 J. |
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Specific heat |
The amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1 g of a substance to change its temperature by 1°C. |
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Heat of vaporization |
The quantity of heat a liquid must absorb for 1 g of it to be converted from the liquid to the gaseous state. |
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Evaporative cooling |
The property of a liquid whereby the surface becomes cooler during evaporation, owing to a loss of highly kinetic molecules to the gaseous state. |
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Solution |
A liquid that is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. |
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Solvent |
The dissolving agent of a solution. Water is the most versatile solvent known. |
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Solute |
A substance that is dissolved in a solution. |
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Aqueous solution |
A solution in which water is the solvent |
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Hydration shell |
The sphere of water molecules around each dissolved ion. |
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Hydrophilic |
Having an affinity for water. |
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Colloid |
A mixture made up of a liquid and particles that (because of their large size) remain suspended in that liquid. |
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Molecular mass |
The sum of the masses of all the atoms in a molecule; sometimes called molecular weight. |
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Mole (mol) |
The number of grams of a substance that equals its molecular weight in daltons and contains Avogadro's number of molecules. |
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Hydrophobic |
Having an aversion to water; tending to coalesce and form droplets in water. |
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Molarity |
A common measure of solute concentration, referring to the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. |
