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Polar molecule
A molecule (such as water) with opposite charges on opposite sides.
Cohesion
The binding together of like molecules, often by hydrogen bonds.
Adhesion
The attraction between different kinds of molecules.
Surface tension
A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid. Water has a high surface tension because of the hydrogen bonding of surface molecules.
Kinetic energy
The energy of motion, which is directly related to the speed of that motion. Moving matter does work by imparting motion to other matter.
Heat
The total amount of kinetic energy due to molecular motion in a body of matter. Heat is energy in its most random form.
Temperature
A measure of the intensity of heat in degrees, reflecting the average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Celsius scale
A temperature scale (°C) equal to 5/9 (°F — 32) that measures the freezing point of water at 0°C and the boiling point of water at 100°C.
Calorie (cal)
The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1°C; also the amount of heat energy that 1 g of water releases when it cools by 1°C. The Calorie (with capital C), usually used to indicate the energy content of food, is kilocalorie.
Kilocalorie (kcal)
A thousand calories; the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1°C.
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