Ap Biology Chpts 2 3 4 & 5 Biochem Vocab

Front 1

Element

Back 1

Cannot be broken down and changed into any other material

Front 2

Compound

Back 2

Combination of multiple bonded elements

Front 3

Atom

Back 3

Smallest unit that can be broken down to with chemical reactions

Front 4

Electron

Back 4

Particles of an atom with negative charge

Front 5

Proton

Back 5

Particle of an atom with positive charge

Front 6

Neutron

Back 6

Particle of an atom with nuetral charge

Front 7

Atomic number

Back 7

The number of protons in a atom

Front 8

Atomic mass

Back 8

The mass of an atomic, mass of protons plus nuetrons ( equal to atomic number times two, unless it is a ion)

Front 9

Isotope

Back 9

Different isotopes of one element have different numbers of neutrons

Unstable isotopes emit radiation

Front 10

Valence shell

Back 10

The outside shell of an atom. Valence is how many electrons are needed to compete this outermost shell.

Front 11

Ionic bond

Back 11

The attraction of two molecules by oppositely charged atoms

Front 12

Covalent bond

Back 12

When two atoms bond together by sharing electrons to compete their valence shell

Front 13

Salt

Back 13

Compound that is the result of a reaction between an acid and a base.

Front 14

Hydrogen bond

Back 14

The weak bond created by the partial positive charge of a hydrogen being attracted to the partial negative charge of an oxygen.

Front 15

Reactants

Back 15

What will be added to make something react

Front 16

Products

Back 16

What you get the end of a reaction

Front 17

Cohesion

Back 17

When a substance sticks to itself. Water does this.

Front 18

Adhesion

Back 18

When a substance sticks to other stuff. Water does this

Front 19

Non Polar

Back 19

No difference in charges at any ends of a molecule

Front 20

Polar

Back 20

Some atoms are more electrnegative than others, leadinf to different charges at different ends of a molecule

Front 21

Surface tension

Back 21

The top layer of molecules in water is more densly hydrogen bonded to the molecules below and beside it because there are no molecules above to bond to. This creates a thin film at the top of the water.

Front 22

Specific heat

Back 22

The amount of heat needed to raise an amount of something by one degree Celsius. For water it is 1cal/gram. This is very high compared to other molecules

Front 23

Evaporative cooling

Back 23

When a liquid evaporates and cools the space below. This is because the hottest molecules evaporate first.

Front 24

Solution

Back 24

When one substance is dissolved into another

Front 25

Solvent

Back 25

What dissolves the solute in a solution

Front 26

Solute

Back 26

What is dissolved by the solvent in a solution

Front 27

Hydrophobic

Back 27

Water fearing. Usually non polar

Front 28

Hydrophilic

Back 28

Water loving. Usually polar

Front 29

Acid

Back 29

Releases hydrogen ions when dissolved or lowers concentration of hydroxyl ions Low pH

Front 30

Basic

Back 30

Releases hydroxyl ions when dissolved or lowers the concentration of hydrogen ions

Front 31

pH

Back 31

A negative logarithmic scale of the molarity of hydrogen ions in a substance

Front 32

Organic chemistry

Back 32

The study of carbon

Front 33

Hydrocarbon

Back 33

Carbon bonded to hydrogen

Front 34

Isomers

Back 34

Different shapes of different molecules with the scene chemical makeup. Is very important with how things react.

Front 35

Functional group

Back 35

Commonly found groups of atoms in biomolecules that define the family and main properties of the biological molecule.

Front 36

Hydroxyl

Back 36

A hydrogen covalently bonded to an oxygen

Front 37

Carboxyl

Back 37

A carbon double bonded to an oxygen and also bonded to an OH. The functional group of a carboxylic acid.

Front 38

ATP

Back 38

Adenosine Triphosohate

Usable Energy