Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Metabolism |
the totality of an organisms chemical reaction |
|
|
Metabolic Pathway |
begins with a specific molecule, which is then altered in a series of defined steps, resulting in a certain product. Each step of the pathway is catalyzed by a specific enzyme. |
|
|
catabolic pathways |
metabolic pathways that release energy by breaking down complex molecules to simpler compounds. |
|
|
Anabolic Pathways |
consume energy to build complicated molecules from simpler ones. |
|
|
bioenergetics
|
the study of how energy flows through living organisms. |
|
|
Thermodynamics |
the study of the energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter. |
|
|
First law of thermodynamics |
the energy of the universe is constant. Energy can not be created or destroyed. |
|
|
entropy |
a measure of disorder or randomness. |
|
|
Second Law of Thermodynamics |
Every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe. |
|
|
Free Energy (delta G) |
the portion of a system;s energy that can perform work when temperature and pressure are uniform throughout the systems as in a living cell. |
|
|
Only processes with a BLANK delta G are sponatnious |
negative |
|
|
Exergonic reaction |
energy outwards proceeds with a net release of free energy. Delta G is negative. These reactions occur spontaneously. |
|
|
endergonic reaction |
one that absorbs free energy from its surroundings. G increases and the reactions are nonspontanious. |
|
|
Energy Coupling |
The use of an exergonic process to drive and endergonuc one. ATP is responsible for mediating most energy coupling in cells. |
|
|
enzyme |
a macromolecule that acts as a cataylst, a chemical agent that speeds up the reaction without being consumed by the reaction. |
|
|
activation energy Ea |
the investment of energy for starting the reaction. |
|
|
substrate |
the reactant an enzyme acts on |
|
|
enzyme- substrate complex |
the enzyme binds to the substrate when there are two or more reactants to forms this. |
|
|
active site |
typically a pocket or groove on the surface of a protein where catalysis occurs. |
|
|
cofactors |
nonprotein helpers for catalytic activity. They may be bound tightly to the enzyme as permanent residents or they may be bound loosely. |
|
|
competitive inhibitors |
reduce the productivity of enzymes by blocking substrates from entering active sites. |
|
|
noncompetitive inhibitors |
do not directly compete with the substrate to bid to the enzyme a the active site. |
|
|
Allosteric regulation |
any case in which a proteins function at one site is affected by the binding of a regulatory molecule to a separate site. |
|
|
Feedback Inhibition |
a metabolic pathway is switched out by the inhibitory binding of its end product to an enzyme that acts early in the pathway. |
