Ap Biology - Chapter 8 - Cell Membrane

Front 1

Regulates passage of materials into and out of cell

Back 1

Cell membrane

Front 2

How thick is the cell membrane

Back 2

7-9 nanometers thick

Front 3

What is a cell membrane composed of

Back 3

Phospholipid bilayer

Front 4

Where are glycolipids usually found on the cell membrane

Back 4

Outer surface

Front 5

Glycoprotein -------> _____ & ____

Back 5

Carbs and proteins

Front 6

Proteins within the membrane are called ____

Back 6

Integral proteins

Front 7

Proteins on the cytoplasmic side are called ________

Back 7

Peripheral proteins

Front 8

Replaced Davson - Danielli's "Sandwich Model" of the cell membrane

Back 8

Fluid Mosaic Model

Front 9

No energy needed; movement of materials across the cell membrane

Back 9

Passive transport

Front 10

Type of passive transport; high to low with concentration. Net movement of a substance down a concentration gradient

Back 10

Diffusion

Front 11

Controls the rate of passive transport

Back 11

Temperature, concentration, and pressure

Front 12

Movement of water molecules across a membrane

Back 12

Osmosis

Front 13

High solution concentration in solution - H2O goes out of cell and the cell becomes flaccid (limp)

Back 13

Hypertonic

Front 14

Equal solution concentration and water in both solutions. Reached equilibrium

Back 14

Isotonic

Front 15

Low solute concentration in solution. H2O goes into cell. Increase in turgor pressure in plant cells, is Turgid

Back 15

Hypotonic

Front 16

Why does water move from one place to another?

Back 16

Difference in potential energy

Front 17

In what way does water move

Back 17

From a region where water potential is greater to a region where water potential is lower

Front 18

What affects the movement of water and solutes

Back 18

Gravity, pressure, and concentration of dissolved substances (solutes)

Front 19

The ____ the concentration of water molecules the greater the water potential

Back 19

Higher

Front 20

Water potential is measured in terms of the ____ required to stop to movement of water

Back 20

Pressure

Front 21

Water movement from one place to another because of differences in potential energy

Back 21

Water potential

Front 22

Tendency of water to move across a membrane into a solution

Back 22

Osmotic Potential

Front 23

Osmotic potential of pure water is

Back 23

0

Front 24

Osmotic potential of water and solution is

Back 24

< 0

Front 25

The lower the water potential of a solution the ____ the tendency of water molecules to move into it by osmosis, and therefore the greater the osmotic potential

Back 25

Greater

Front 26

Because solutes decrease the water potential of a solution, a ___ solute concentration means a greater osmotic potential

Back 26

Higher

Front 27

High water ----> ____ osmotic potential

Back 27

Low

Front 28

High osmotic potential ------> ____ water

Back 28

Low

Front 29

Total solute concentration of a solution

Back 29

Osmotic concentration

Front 30

Measure of tendency of a solution to take up water when separated from pure water by a selectively permeable membrane

Back 30

Osmotic pressure

Front 31

Osmotic pressure of pure water is

Back 31

0

Front 32

Greater the osmotic pressure, ____ the solute concentration

Back 32

Greater

Front 33

Device to measure osmotic pressure

Back 33

Osmometer

Front 34

Cell membrane pulls away from cell wall as water moves out

Back 34

Plasmolysis

Front 35

Shrinking of cell due to water loss (shrivel)

Back 35

Crenation

Front 36

Bursting due to taking too much water into cell

Back 36

Cytolysis

Front 37

Regulation of water balance by organisms in a hypo or hyper environment

Back 37

Osmoregulation

Front 38

How does water move in osmosis (water potential)

Back 38

From a region of high water potential to a region of low water potential

Front 39

How does water move in osmosis (water concentration)

Back 39

From high water concentration to lower water concentration

Front 40

How does water move in osmosis (solute concentration)

Back 40

From low solute concentration to higher solute concentration

Front 41

How does water move in osmosis (Hypotonic solution)

Back 41

From Hypotonic solution to hypertonic solution

Front 42

Hows does water move in osmosis (Osmotic potential)

Back 42

From a region of low osmotic potential to a region of high osmotic potential

Front 43

What drives facilitated diffusion

Back 43

The potential energy of the concentration gradient

Front 44

What helps facilitated diffusion

Back 44

Transport proteins

Front 45

Open only in response to electrical or chemical stimuli

Back 45

Gated or selective channels

Front 46

A transport protein that generates voltage across a membrane

Back 46

Electrogenic pump

Front 47

Major electrogenic pump in plants

Back 47

Proton pump

Front 48

Mitochondria and chloroplasts use a proton pump to drive _____ ____

Back 48

ATP synthesis

Front 49

Voltages created by electrogenic pumps are sources of _____ ____ that are available to do ___ ____

Back 49

Potential energy :: Cellular work

Front 50

Process where a single ATP powered pump actively transports one solute and indirectly drives the transport of other solutes against their concentration gradients

Back 50

Cotransport

Front 51

Transport Proteins are (Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic)

Back 51

Hydrophilic

Front 52

Three major types of Transport Proteins

Back 52

Uniport, Symport, Antiport

Front 53

Type of Transport protein - Moves only 1 molecule across in one direction

Back 53

Uniport

Front 54

Type of Transport protein - Moves 2 molecules across in the same direction at the same time

Back 54

Symport

Front 55

Type of Transport protein - Moves 2 different solutes in opposite directions

Back 55

Antiport

Front 56

Two ways small molecules cross membranes :

Back 56

1) Passing through the phospholipid bilayer
2) Being translocated by a transport protein

Front 57

Large molecules cross membranes by the mechanism of : (2 ways)

Back 57

1) Exocytosis
2) Endocytosis

Front 58

Process where a cell secretes macromolecules by fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane

Back 58

Exocytosis

Front 59

Cell "Dumping"

Back 59

Exocytosis

Front 60

Vesicle usually budded from the ER/Golgi and migrates to plasma membrane

Back 60

Exocytosis

Front 61

Used by secretory cells to export products

Back 61

Exocytosis

Front 62

Process where a cell takes in macromolecules by forming vesicles derived from the plasma membrane

Back 62

Endocytosis

Front 63

Vesicle sinks inward and pinches off into the cytoplasm

Back 63

Endocytosis

Front 64

Cell "Eating"

Back 64

Endocytosis

Front 65

The two types of Endocytosis are

Back 65

1) Phagocytosis
2) Pinocytosis

Front 66

Cell eating; solid, larger particles engulfed and forms a food vacuole which fuses with a lysosome to digest with hydrolytic enzymes

Back 66

Phagocytosis

Front 67

Cell drinking; taking in extracellular liquid droplets into small vesicles. The cell takes in any and all solutes with liquid

Back 67

Pinocytosis

Front 68

More discriminating that pinocytosis

Back 68

Receptor mediated endocytosis

Front 69

In receptor mediated endocytosis, coated pits form vesicles when specific ____ bind to receptor sites on the cell membrane

Back 69

Ligands

Front 70

The molecule that binds to the specific receptor site

Back 70

Ligands

Front 71

In receptor mediated endocytosis, a layer of ___, a ribrous protein, liens and reinforces the coated pit on the cytoplasmic side

Back 71

Clathrin

Front 72

Enables cells to acquire bulk quantities of specific substances even if they are in low concentration in the extracellular fluid

Back 72

Receptor mediated endocytosis