Ap Biology - Chapter 6 - Metabolism

Front 1

Sum of an organism's chemical processes

Back 1

Metabolism

Front 2

A series of enzymatically controlled reactions

Back 2

Metabolism

Front 3

Type of Metabolism that is decomposition

Back 3

Catabolism

Front 4

Type of Metabolism that is synthesis

Back 4

Anabolism

Front 5

Complex molecules are broken down into simpler molecules by breaking bonds and releasing energy

Back 5

Catabolism

Front 6

Simple molecules are combined to build complex molecules which consume energy

Back 6

Anabolism

Front 7

Ability to do work

Back 7

Energy

Front 8

Science of energy transformation

Back 8

Thermodynamics

Front 9

Energy can be transferred or transformed from one form to another but it cannot be created or destroyed

Back 9

First Law of Thermodynamics

Front 10

Every energy transfer or transformation makes the Universe more disordered

Back 10

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Front 11

Measure of disorder or randomness

Back 11

Entropy

Front 12

Difference between energy released when bonds break and that consumed when bonds form

Back 12

Heat of reaction

Front 13

Heat content of a molecule determined from total potential energy stored in the bonds

Back 13

Enthalpy

Front 14

The amount of energy that is available to do work

Back 14

Free Energy

Front 15

Relationship between entropy and enthalpy

Back 15

Free Energy

Front 16

Indicates IF the reaction will occur spontaneously

Back 16

Free Energy

Front 17

__________ reactions will occur without additional energy

Back 17

Spontaneous reactions

Front 18

Powers cellular work by coupling exergonic reactions with endergonic reactions

Back 18

ATP

Front 19

Made of Adenine, 5-carbon ribose sugar, and 3 phosphate groups

Back 19

ATP

Front 20

Source of energy to drive cellular work

Back 20

ATP

Front 21

Proteins which are biological catalyst, end in -ase

Back 21

Enzymes

Front 22

Lowers activation energy so that the transition state can be reached at cellular temp

Back 22

Enzymes

Front 23

The breakdown of biological macromolecules is _____

Back 23

Exergonic

Front 24

Amount of energy that reactant molecules must absorb to start a reaction

Back 24

Activation energy

Front 25

Chemical agent that accelerates a reaction without being changed itself

Back 25

Catalyst

Front 26

Unstable condition when reactants have absorbed enough energy to react

Back 26

Transition state

Front 27

Substance an enzyme reacts on (many end in -ose)

Back 27

Substrate

Front 28

Area of the enzyme molecule that binds to the substrate; like a pocket or groove; determines enzymes specificity

Back 28

Active site

Front 29

A substrate binds to the active site of enzyme forming an _______

Back 29

Enzyme substrate complex

Front 30

Substrate + enzyme -----------> ______

Back 30

Enzyme substrate complex

Front 31

Enzyme substrate complex ------> ______

Back 31

Product + unchanged enzyme

Front 32

Starch + Amylase -----> ____

Back 32

Starch Amylase complex

Front 33

Starch Amylase complex ----->

Back 33

Glucose + amylase

Front 34

Area of the enzyme that binds to the substrate

Back 34

Active site

Front 35

Pieces all fit like a puzzle - enzyme action theory

Back 35

Lock and key

Front 36

Substrate causes (induces) a slight change in the shape of the R groups of the enzyme's active site which catalyzes the conversion of the substrate chemical bonds so it can "fit" - enzyme action theory

Back 36

Induced fit

Front 37

Higher substrate concentration makes reactions faster or slower?

Back 37

Faster

Front 38

When the enzyme becomes saturated the enzyme will?

Back 38

The enzyme will slow or stop depending on how fast the active site catalyzes conversion of substrate to products

Front 39

Human enzymes are normally at this temperature

Back 39

35-40 Celsius

Front 40

"Enzyme helpers", small non-protein molecule required for proper enzyme catalyst

Back 40

Cofactors