i. Enzymes are macromolecules that increase chemical reactions without being consumed in the reaction. They do this by lowering the activation energy (the amount of energy that reactants need to absorb in order for a chemical reaction to take place). Every enzyme has a substrate with a unique shape and structure for it to bind to. Denaturation of proteins (when a protein unravels and becomes inactive), and change in the shape of the enzyme or substrate all influence the activity and functionality of enzymes. ii. There are two classes of enzymes: catabolic and anabolic. A catabolic enzyme breaks down complex molecules into simpler molecules in a reaction that releases energy. An anabolic enzyme works in a reaction that consumes energy to form
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Mark one 16 x 150mm test tube as “substrate” and the other as “enzyme”
2. Pour in 0.3mL of 0.1% hydrogen peroxide, 7mL of distilled water and 0.2mL guaicol into the ‘substrate’ tube. This will result in 7.5mL of substrate. Cover the tube with Para film and mix gently
3. Add 0.6mL of pH 10 solution and 1.5mL peroxidase into the ‘enzyme’ tube resulting in a total volume of 7.5mL. Cover and mix gently
4. Incorporate the substrate and the enzyme (with the pH solution) into one 16 x 150mL test tube. Cover, invert tube twice and put tube in the rack. Start timing the reaction promptly.
5. Over a 5-minute period observe any colour changes while being sure to rotate the tube before reading it. Record observations at 1 minute intervals
6. Reference the colour chart on page 156 of the AP Biology Investigation Labs book to compare colour progression.
7. Repeat steps 1- 4 again. After combining the enzyme and the substrate together, quickly and meticulously pipette the solution into the cuvette.
8. Ensure it is completely dry on the outside and insert it into the spectrophotometer with the lines facing side-facing
Mark one 16 x 150mm test tube as “substrate” and the other as “enzyme”
2. Pour in 0.3mL of 0.1% hydrogen peroxide, 7mL of distilled water and 0.2mL guaicol into the ‘substrate’ tube. This will result in 7.5mL of substrate. Cover the tube with Para film and mix gently
3. Add 0.6mL of pH 10 solution and 1.5mL peroxidase into the ‘enzyme’ tube resulting in a total volume of 7.5mL. Cover and mix gently
4. Incorporate the substrate and the enzyme (with the pH solution) into one 16 x 150mL test tube. Cover, invert tube twice and put tube in the rack. Start timing the reaction promptly.
5. Over a 5-minute period observe any colour changes while being sure to rotate the tube before reading it. Record observations at 1 minute intervals
6. Reference the colour chart on page 156 of the AP Biology Investigation Labs book to compare colour progression.
7. Repeat steps 1- 4 again. After combining the enzyme and the substrate together, quickly and meticulously pipette the solution into the cuvette.
8. Ensure it is completely dry on the outside and insert it into the spectrophotometer with the lines facing side-facing