Ap Bio Ch13 Vocab

Front 1

Heredity

Back 1

The act of passing on traits genetically from parents to offspring.

Front 2

Variation

Back 2

Differences between members of the same species due to their genetic make up.

Front 3

Genetics

Back 3

The scientific study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics.

Front 4

Gene

Back 4

A unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.

Front 5

Asexual Reproduction

Back 5

A method of reproduction in which genetically identical offspring are produced from a single parent.

Front 6

Clone

Back 6

A group of organisms or cells produced asexually from one ancestor, to which they are genetically identical.

Front 7

Sexual Reproduction

Back 7

The production of new living organisms by combining genetic information from two different individuals.

Front 8

Life Cycle

Back 8

The series of changes in the life of an organism, including reproduction.

Front 9

Somatic Cell

Back 9

Any cell of a living organism other than the reproductive cells.

Front 10

Karyotype

Back 10

The number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species.

Front 11

Homologous Chromosomes

Back 11

Chromosome pairs of the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern with genes for the same characteristics at corresponding loci. One from each parent.

Front 12

Sex Chromosomes

Back 12

Chromosome involved with determining the sex of an organism.

Front 13

Autosome

Back 13

Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.

Front 14

Alternation of Generations

Back 14

A pattern of reproduction occurring in the life cycles of many lower plants and some invertebrates, involving a regular alternation between two distinct forms.

Front 15

Fertilization

Back 15

The action or process of fertilizing an egg, female animal, or plant, involving the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote.

Front 16

Syngamy

Back 16

The fusion of two cells, or of their nuclei, in reproduction.

Front 17

Zygote

Back 17

A diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes; a fertilized ovum.

Front 18

Diploid Cells

Back 18

A cell containing two sets of chromosomes, one set inherited from each parent.

Front 19

Meiosis

Back 19

A type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes.

Front 20

Haploid Cell

Back 20

A cell containing only one set of chromosomes.

Front 21

Meiosis I

Back 21

The first cell division of meiosis in which the two new cells contain one replicated chromosome from each homologous pair.

Front 22

Meiosis II

Back 22

The second division of a two-stage process of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that results in cells with half the chromosome number of the original cell.

Front 23

Synapsis

Back 23

The pairing of chromosomes at the start of meiosis.

Front 24

Tetrad

Back 24

A paired set of homologous chromosomes, each composed of two sister chromatids.

Front 25

Chiasma

Back 25

A point at which paired chromosomes remain in contact during the first metaphase of meiosis, and at which crossing over and exchange of genetic material occur between the strands.

Front 26

Crossing Over

Back 26

The exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes, resulting in a mixture of parental characteristics in offspring.