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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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aneuploidy
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A chromosomal aberration in which one or more chromosomes are present in extra copies or are deficient in number
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Barr body
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A dense object lying along the inside of the nuclear envelope in female mammalian cells, representing an inactivated X chromosome.
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duplication
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An aberration in chromosome structure due to fusion with a fragment from a homologous chromosome, such that a portion of a chromosome is duplicated.
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genetic recombination
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General term for the production of offspring that combine traits of the two parents.
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genomic imprinting
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Phenomenon in which expression of an allele in offspring depends on whether the allele is inherited from the male or female parent.
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polyploidy
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A chromosomal alteration in which the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets.
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alleles
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Alternative versions of a gene that produce distinguishable phenotypic effects.
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complete dominance
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The situation in which the phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are indistinguishable.
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dihybrid
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An organism that is heterozygous with respect to two genes of interest. All the offspring from a cross between parents doubly homozygous for different alleles are dihybrids. For example, parents of genotypes AABB and aabb produce a dihybrid of genotype AaBb.
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epistasis
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A type of gene interaction in which one gene alters the phenotypic effects of another gene that is independently inherited.
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genotype
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The genetic makeup, or set of alleles, of an organism.
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heterozygous
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Having two different alleles for a given gene.
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homozygous
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Having two identical alleles for a given gene.
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incomplete dominance
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The situation in which the phenotype of heterozygotes is intermediate between the phenotypes of individuals homozygous for either allele.
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phenotype
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The physical and physiological traits of an organism, that are determined by its genetic makeup.
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pleiotropy
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The ability of a single gene to have multiple effects.
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testcross
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Breeding of an organism of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual to determine the unknown genotype. The ratio of phenotypes in the offspring determines the unknown genotype.
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