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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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sense organ
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structure composed of nervous tissue along with another tissue that enhances its response to a certain type of stimulus (nose, eyes, hands)
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transduction
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conversion of one form of energy to another (light, sound, nerve signal)
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receptor potential
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small local electrical charge
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sensation
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sensory signal that reaches the brain; makes you aware
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encapsulated nerve endings
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tactile corpuscles (merkel discs)
end bulbs lamellar corpuscles bulbous (ruffini) corpuscles *nerve fibers wrapped in glial cells/connective tissue) |
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unencapsulated nerve endings
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free nerve endings
tactile (merkle) disci hair receptors *sensory dendrites NOT wrapped in connective tissue |
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somatic pain
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pain from skin
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visceral pain
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pain from organs
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projection pathway for pain
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Thalamus > Post central gyrus of the cerebrum
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4 types of tongue papillae
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~filliform papillae
~foliate papillae ~fungiform papillae ~vallate papillae |
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filliform papillae
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MOST ABUNDANT; tiny spikes without taste buds
*no taste function *they DO sense texture |
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foliate papillae
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weakly developed in humans, located on sides of tongue where molars are, degenerate with age
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vallate papillae
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located in rear of mouth, large papillae arranged in "v" shape, the location of most taste buds
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5 primary taste sensations
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salty
sweet sour bitter umami |
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salty
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produced by METAL IONS (k+, na+)
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sweet
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produced by organic compounds, carbs, sugars
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sour
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acidic, (H+), citrus fruits
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bitter
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spoiled foods, alkaloids, meant to be rejected by humans
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umami
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meaty taste from amino acids
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Projection pathway for taste
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facial nerves XII, IX, X > Medulla > Solitary Nucleus > Hypothalamus/Thalamus
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Projection pathway for smell
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enter olfactory bulbs and synapse w/ 2 types of neurons > tufted cells, mitral cells > clutter of glomeruli > cerebral cortex
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hearing
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response to vibrating air molecules
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sound
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any audible vibration of molecules
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equilibrium
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sense of motion, body orientation, and balance
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pitch
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sense of high/low sound, determined by the frequency at which to sound source
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loudness
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intensity or the amplitude of vibration
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outer ear parts
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auditory canal
external acoustic meatus |
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middle ear parts
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tympanic membrane
eustachian tube (auditory tube) oval window ossicles : malleus incus stapes |
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inner ear parts
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vestibular nerve
cochlear nerve cochlea tensor tympani muscle auditory tube |
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Equlilbruim
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coordination, balance, orientation in a 3-d space
static & dynamic |
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static equilibrium
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perception of the head when the body is stationary
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dynamic equilibrium
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perception of motion or acceleration
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accelertaion
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linear and angular
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linear accelertaion
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change in velocity when going in a straight line
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angular acceleration
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change in the rate of rotation
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parts of the vestibular apparatus
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semi-circular ducts
saccule urticle |
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semi-circular ducts
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detects angular acceleration (spinning); in the vestibular apparatus
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saccule and urticle
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responsible for static equilibrium and detect linear acceleration
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projection pathway for equilibrium
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hair cells synapse on the vestibular nerve > cerebellum > CN III, IV, VI to produce vestibulo-ocular reflex > reticular formation > spinal cord > thalamus
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main accessory structure of the eye orbit
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eyebrows
eyelids conjuctiva lacrimal apparatus |
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3 principle components of the eye
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3 tunics (sclera, cornea)
optical componenets neural components |
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layers of the 3 tunics
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outer fibrous layer = sclera, cornea
middle vascular layer = choroid, cillary body, iris inner layer = retina, beginning of the optic nerve |
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optical components of the eye
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cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitrous body
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neural components of the eye
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retina, optic nerve
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rods
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night and monochromatic vision
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cones
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day and color vision
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