Ad. A&p Lecture Exam 2

Front 1

Components of the skeletal muscle

Back 1

Sarcoplasm, sarcolemma, multiple peripheral nuclei, sarcoplasmic reticulum, myofibrils, myoglobin, mitochondria, and glycogen

Hint 1

S.S.M.SR.MF.MG.M.G

Front 2

Function of sarcoplasm

Back 2

Cytoplasm of a muscle cell

Front 3

Function of sarcolemma

Back 3

Capable of carrying electrical impulses and contains t-tubules that carry signals into the cell

Front 4

Function of sarcoplasmic reticulum

Back 4

Regulates release of calcium

Front 5

Function of myofibrils

Back 5

Bundle of proteins capable of contracting

Front 6

What are the two types of myofibrils?

Back 6

Thick and thin filaments

Front 7

What proteins can be found in thick filaments?

Back 7

Myosin

Front 8

What proteins can be found in thin filaments

Back 8

Actin, troponin, and tropomyosin

Front 9

Function of myoglobin.

Back 9

Stores oxygen

Front 10

Function of mitochondria

Back 10

Numerous in skeletal muscle due to high energy

Front 11

Function of glycogen

Back 11

Storage for glucose

Front 12

What protein is responsible for storing oxygen in muscle tissue

Back 12

Myoglobin

Front 13

What are the components of the sarcomere

Back 13

Z-discs- distance between two adjacent zones disc's.

A-band- dark bundle in the middle

H-zone- thick filaments overlapping thin filaments

Front 14

Tropomyosin and troponin plays what role in muscle contraction

Back 14

Troponin moves tropomyosin from actin so actin can bind to myosin (crossing-over)

Front 15

Function of sarcoplasmic reticulum and t tubules

Back 15

SR- stores calcium and T tubules conduct impulses to SR

Front 16

What molecule binds with calcium allowing for cross bridge formation

Back 16

Troponin

Front 17

Definition of motor unit

Back 17

A motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it supplies

Front 18

Definition of neuromuscular junction

Back 18

A synapse between a motor neuron nerve terminal and its muscle fiber

Front 19

What neurotransmitter activates skeletal muscle

Back 19

Acetylcholine (Ach)

Front 20

What events happen during muscle relaxation

Back 20

Calcium is pumped back into the SR breaking the link between actin and myosin. Actin and myosin return to their unbound state causing muscle to relax.

Front 21

Definition of oxygen debt

Back 21

Oxygen stores need to be replenished once exercise is completed.

Front 22

What causes a muscle twitch

Back 22

When one muscle fiber contacts in response to stimuli by the NS

Front 23

Difference between spatial and temporal summation

Back 23

Temporal is produced by a particular neuron to achieve AP and spatial is the method of achieving an AP in a neuron which receives input from several cells.

Front 24

What is the byproduct of anaerobic breakdown of glucose

Back 24

Lactic acid

Front 25

Function of gap junctions found in smooth and cardiac muscles

Back 25

Allows for depolarization

Front 26

What smooth muscle acts as a functional syncytium

Back 26

Cardiac muscle

Front 27

The effects of exercise on a muscle tissue

Back 27

Short term- muscle fatigue and soreness.

Long term- muscle hypertrophy and other physical changes.

Front 28

Locations of single unit and multiunit of smooth muscle

Back 28

Single unit is found on the walls of organs. Multiunit is found in airways, lungs and large arteries

Front 29

Functions of ATP in muscle contraction

Back 29

Responsible for cocking (pulling back) the myosin heads