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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Human capacity for culture depends on |
Transmission: Memory: Reiteration: Innovation: Selection:
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Transmission:
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abibility to copy a behaviour by observing or learning |
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Memory:
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ability to remember behaviours |
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Reiteration:
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ability to reproduce or imitate behaviours |
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Innovation:
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ability to develop new behaviours |
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Selection:
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ability to know which behaviours to keep or discard |
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Culture defines groups?
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* Culture is part of human nature *Culture is all-encompassing *Culture is integrated |
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Culture is |
Symbolic Patterned Learned shared adaptive |
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Culture is Symbolic
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Symbol: Something that stands forsomething else.
*Symbols often linguistic *Language is distinctive possession of Homo sapiens (we think) *No other animal has elaborated cultural abilities to extent that Homo sapiens has |
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Culture is Patterned
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*Cultures are varied but patterns exist *Models and patterns should be treated as flexible |
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Why Do Cultural Differences Matter? |
*The same object, actions, or events not universal *The human condition is ambiguous *Cross-cultural communication errors can be problematic |
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Ethnocentrism |
The opinion that one’s own way of life is natural or correct, and, indeed, the only true way of being fully human. |
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how Can Ethnocentrism be Avoided
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*Learning about other cultures
*Challenge ideas about “truth” *Recognise and respect cultural traditions different than their own |
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Cultural Relativism |
Understanding another culture in its own terms sympathetically enough so that the culture appears to be a coherent and meaningful design for living *Behaviour in one culture should not be judged by standards of another culture |
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How do We Approach Controversial Cultural Practices?
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* Some cultural differences are minor
*Others challenge anthropologists to maintain the application of cultural relativism |
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Human rights |
Justice and morality beyond and superior to the laws and customs of particular countries, cultures, and religions |
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Cultural rights
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Right of group to preserve its culture, language, and economic base |
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Indigenous intellectual property rights
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Conservation of each society’s core beliefs, knowledge, and practices |
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Agency |
control of own life |
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Cultural determinism |
the belief that the culture in which we are raised determines who we are at emotional and behavioral levels. |
