Anthro Ch 8 Terms

Front 1

Power

Back 1

the ability to take action in the face of resistance, through force if necessary

Front 2

Authority

Back 2

the ability to take action based on a person's achieved or ascribed status or moral reputation

Front 3

Influence

Back 3

the ability to achieve a desired end by exerting social or moral pressure on someone or some group

Front 4

Political Organization

Back 4

groups within a culture that are responsible for public decision making and leadership, maintaining social cohesion and order, protecting group rights, and ensuring safety from external threats

Front 5

Band

Back 5

the form of political organization of foraging groups, with flexible membership and minimal leadership

Front 6

Tribe

Back 6

a form of political organization that comprises several bands or lineage groups, each with a similar language and lifestyle and occupying a distinct territory

Front 7

Big-man system or big-woman system

Back 7

a form of political organization midway between tribe and chiefdom and involving reliance on the leadership of key individuals who develop a political following through personal ties and redistributive fears

Front 8

Moka

Back 8

a strategy for developing political leadership in highland Papua New Guinea that involves exchanging gifts and favors with individuals and sponsoring large feasts where further gift-giving occurs

Front 9

Chiefdom

Back 9

a form of political organization in which permanently allied tribes and villages have one recognized leader who holds an "office"

Front 10

State

Back 10

a form of political organization in which a centralized political unit encompasses many communities, a bureaucratic structure, and leaders who possess coercive power

Front 11

Social control

Back 11

processes that, through both informal and formal mechanisms, maintain orderly social life

Front 12

Norm

Back 12

a generally agreed-upon standard for how people should behave, usually unwritten and learned unconsciously

Front 13

Law

Back 13

a binding rule created through enactment or custom that defines right and reasonable behavior and is enforceable by the threat of punishment

Front 14

Policing

Back 14

the exercise of social control through processes of surveillance and the threat of punishment related to maintaining social order

Front 15

Trial by Ordeal

Back 15

a way of determining innocence or guilt in which the accused person is put to a test that may be painful, stressful or fatal

Front 16

Critical Legal Anthropology

Back 16

an approach within the cross-cultural study of legal systems that examines the role of law and judicial processes in maintaining the dominance of powerful groups through discriminatory practices rather than protecting less powerful power

Front 17

Nation

Back 17

a group of people who share a language, culture, territorial base, political organization and history

Front 18

War

Back 18

organized and purposeful group action directed against another group and involving lethal force