Anthro-1 Test #2

Front 1

What is the singular and plural of one species and many Species

Back 1

One species

"The Human Species"

Many Species

"species of apes"

Front 2

Darwinian Gradualism

Back 2

The View first proposed by Darwin is that evolution occurs slowly and steadily.

Slow incremental and cumulative changes produce phenotypic changes and eventually new species

Front 3

Key Mechanisms of speciation

Back 3

Genetic Drift and Mutation

Front 4

Punctuated Equilibrium

Back 4

Long periods of Stasis, followed by Abrupt change

Front 5

Difference in the Punctuated Equilibrium Model

Back 5

Key mechanism of speciation is mutation

No Geographic or physical separation is needed for speciation

Speciation occurs rapidly, not slowly

Front 6

What are the plural and singular of the human species

Back 6

"Homo sapiens" is both plural and singular

"Homo Sapien" is not a word

Front 7

Four Functions of Skin are?

Back 7

Protections

Vitamin synthesis

Thermoregulation

Communication

Front 8

Why is Skin Color is an Evolutionary Adaptation ?

Back 8

Variations in skin color are adaptive

Related to the regulation of UV radiation penetration and its effect on human fitness.

Skin Color around the world is strongly correlated with UV radiation levels.

Front 9

Although darker skin produces more melanin

all skin has the same number of ____________?

Back 9

Melanocytes - the cells that manufacture the melanin

Front 10

Dark requires much more UV to produce the same about of _________?

Back 10

Vitamin D

Front 11

Human Skin Color Variation

1)Natural selection favored ________________ in northern latitudes where there was less sunlight.

2) Natural selection favored _______________ in equatorial environments with more sunlight.

Back 11

1) Less Melanin Production

2) More Melanin Production

Front 12

What is Caused by vitamin D deficiency and Lack of sun?

Back 12

Rickets

Front 13

Human Populations vary in distribution of ____________?

Back 13

Sweat Glands

For Example, Eskimos (Inuit) have more sweat glands on their face than any other population

Front 14

1) Skin color is coded for by ________?

2) The genes that code for ________ have nothing to do with any other trait.

Back 14

1) 6 genes

2) Melanin

Front 15

True or False?

Genes coding for skin pigment are the same genes related to intelligence.

Back 15

False

Front 16

Short-term physiological response to environment i.e. Suntan is?

Back 16

Acclimatization

Front 17

What is a Long-term, genetic response to environment that is a trait produced by natural selection i.e., skin color?

Back 17

Adaptation

Front 18

The evolution of the ability to digest milk in adulthood occurred in some in populations that _______________________.

These populations came to depend on dairy products.

Back 18

Domesticated dairy animals

Front 19

Question:

IS there a distinct racial pattern with respect to the characters we have examined thus far?

Back 19

No?

Front 20

Genetic adaptation tied to local environments are?

Back 20

Populational Differences

Front 21

Racial classification began with _____________.

Classified humans into four races

Back 21

Linnaeus in 1735

Front 22

_______________ Saw gradual changes across environments reflected in human morphology.

Lines between human varieties cannot be drawn

Back 22

Franz Boas

Front 23

What does Cline mean?

Back 23

People 'BLEND' in appearance across the world

Front 24

Why 'Race' has no biological meaning?

Back 24

Human variations is distributed in clines

Not in discrete groups

All overlap, all interbreed

Front 25

There are no 'pure' races nor have there ever been because?

Back 25

It is impossible to assign a set of traits to one race that is exclusive to that race

There has always been gene flow between human populations

Front 26

What is the scientific discipline of naming organisms?

Developed by Linnaeus

Back 26

Taxonomy

Front 27

What are Primitive Mammalian Traits?

Back 27

Lactation

Constant Body Temperature

Hair

Front 28

1) __________ - Old, commonly shared

2) __________ - Newly evolved, unique characters

Back 28

1) Primitive traits

2) Derived traits

Front 29

No Lumbar ribs, 3 Inner ear bones, Specialized Teeth are what?

Back 29

Primitive mammalian Skeletal Traits

Front 30

Grasping hands, Opposable Thumb, Nails instead of claws, stereoscopic vision are what?

Back 30

Primate Characters

Front 31

Animals that are adapted to life in the trees, rather than on the ground are what?

Back 31

Arboreal

Front 32

Primates have what type of vision?

Back 32

Color Vision

Front 33

Our most distant primate relatives

Many are nocturnal

More developed sense of smell than other primates

grooming claw, dental comb

Back 33

Prosimians

Front 34

Prosimians found only on Madagascar

Back 34

Lemurs

Front 35

Types of Prosimians?

Back 35

Lemurs - Madagascar

Loris - Africa and Asian forests

Galago - Africa and Asian forests

Tarsier - Rain forests of Southeast Asia

Front 36

Monkeys, apes, and humans are what type of primate?

Mostly diurnal

Back 36

Anthropoids

Front 37

Primates that have Prehensile Tails and are new world monkeys

Back 37

Platyrrhines

Front 38

Primates that are a branch of Catarrhines considered old world monkeys have tail but not prehensile are?

Back 38

Cercopithecoids

Front 39

Are Hominoids that are found in Central Africa who are knuckle-walkers and Omnivores are?

Back 39

Chimpanzees

Front 40

___________ Use Tools, Hunters

Back 40

Chimpanzees

Front 41

1) ___________ are Apes, Brachiators, No Tail

2) C.h.o.g.g. Abbreviation for?

Back 41

1) Hominoids

2) Chimps,. Humans,. Orangutans,. Gorillas,. Gibbons.

Front 42

Chimps

1) __________ are the tool users

2) __________ are hunters

3) __________ also go to war

Back 42

1) Females

2) Males

3) Males

Front 43

1) Common Chimpanzee: _________________

2) Bonobo: _________________

Back 43

1) Pan troglodytes

2) Pan paniscus

Front 44

They frequently engage in non-conceptive sexual behavior

They have sexual intercourse even when females are not estrous

Sex has a social function

Back 44

Bonobos

Front 45

Ape Communication can be what?

Back 45

Basic ability to understand both spoken and symbolic language

Sign Language (ASL)

Front 46

Speech ability is limited by anatomy.

Back 46

Vocal Tract Anatomy

Front 47

Primary Function: Alliance building in primates

Back 47

Grooming

Front 48

Genetic difference between Humans & chimps is _____?

Back 48

1.2%

Front 49

Lower levels of sediment are older

Back 49

The principle of stratigraphy

Front 50

Methods that provide a specific chronological age

Potassium/ Argon

Carbon 14

Back 50

Absolute dating Methods

Front 51

1st Primates

1) __________

2) __________ million years ago

3) Similar in many respects to modern ___________

Back 51

1) Prosimians

2) 55 myr

3) Prosimians

Front 52

Abbreviation I.A.N. for this Prosimian means what?

Back 52

Insectivores,. Arboreal,. Nocturnal.

Front 53

1st Anthropoids (Monkeys) appeared when?

Back 53

35 million years ago

Front 54

1st Hominoids (Apes) Appeared when?

Back 54

22 million years ago

Front 55

Apes have what type of Molar?

Back 55

Y-5 Molar

Front 56

Primates

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A B

|

------------------

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C D | |

E ---------------

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F G

Back 56

A) Prosimians

B) Anthropoids

C) Platyrrhines

D) Catarrhines

E) New World Monkeys

F) Old world Monkeys

G) Hominoids