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43 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Why is jugular notch important?
Jugular venous arch lies deep to it
What are the potential spaces in between the fascial layers? (2)
1. Retropharygneal space
2. Danger zone (space 4)
Where is retropharyngeal space located?
Between alar fascia & buccopharygneal fascia
Significance of retropharyngeal space & danger zone (space 4)
Abscesses in teeth can break through trap door into retropharyngeal space --> danger zone --> mediastinum & compromise mediastinal structures
What happens if there is an abscess in the cervical vertebrae?
Abscesses in cervical vertebral break through prevertebral fascia --> enter danger zone--> enter mediastinum & compromise structures
Which nerve innervates the platysma?
Facial nerve (VII)
Action of Strap muscles?
-Depress hylolaryngeal structures --> Important for swallowing & vocalization
What is one potential risk during thyroid surgery?
Parathyroid glands in same capsule as thyroid gland & there is a risk of removing them during surgery
Embryonic reminant of thyroid gland found sometimes in adults?
Pyramidal lobe
If thyroid gland enlarges it can compromise surrounding structures, but is limited in upward expansion because?
Attachment of strap muscles limits upward expansion
Where is the thyroid ima artery located if it is present?
Branching off brachiocephalic or arch of aorta --> at risk if surgeon is not aware of it, if it is cut there will be major blood loss into mediastinum
Lesion of INTERNAL
laryngeal nerve?
Loss of SENSATION- ABOVE vocal folds
Lesion of EXTERNAL laryngeal nerve?
Paralysis of CRICOTHYROID --> WEAKNESS
Lesion of RECURRENT laryngeal nerve?
-Paralysis of ALL muscles of larynx (EXCEPT cricothyroid) --> HOARSENESS
-Loss of SENSATION- BELOW vocal folds
External branch of the superior laryngeal nerve runs w/ which artery?
Superior thryoid artery
What nerve supplies motor innervation to the laryngeal muscles? which nerve does it hitch-hike w/?
Motor to laryngeal muscles supplied by accessory nerve (XI) which hitch-hikes w/ vagus (X)
What is the ANTERIOR boundary of anterior triangle?
MIDLINE
What is the POSTERIOR boundary of anterior triangle?
Anterior border of SCM
What is the SUPERIOR boundary of anterior triangle?
Inferior border & angle of MANDIBLE to mastoid process
What is the ROOF of the anterior triangle?
INVESTING CERVICAL FASCIA
What is the floor of the anterior triangle?
Cervical viscera or vertebral column
What are the 4 triangles within the anterior triangle?
1. Submental triangle
2. Submandibular triangle
3. Carotid triangle
4. Visceral/ Muscular triangle
The FLOOR of the submental triangle is made up of?
Mylohyoid muscles
What are the contents of the SUBMENTAL triangle? (2)
1. Submental LN
2. Anterior jugular veins
What are the contents of the SUBMANDIBULAR triangle? (4)
1. Submandibular LN
2. Submandibular gland
3. Hypoglossal nerve CN XII
4. Parotid gland
What are the contents of the VISCERAL/MUSCULAR triangle? (4)
1. Thyroid gland
2. Larynx
3. Trachea
4. Esophagus
What are the superficial veins present in the anterior triangle? (3)
1. Arch of jugular vein
2. External jugular vein
3. Anterior jugular vein
What are the superficial cervical nerves present in the anterior triangle?
1. Great auricular (sensory)
2. Transverse cervical (sensory)
3. Supraclavicular nerves (sensory)
4. Cervical branch of VII (motor)
What are the INFRAHYOID (strap) muscles? (4) superficial & deep
Superficial:
1. Sternohyoid
2. Omohyoid
Deep:
3. Thyrohyoid
4. Sternothyroid
Which 2 arteries supply the thyroid gland?
1. Superior thyroid artery
2. Inferior thyroid artery
SUperior thyroid artery branches off which artery?
Superior thyroid artery branches off EXTERNAL CAROTID
Inferior thyroid artery branches off of which artery?
Inferior thyroid branches from THYROCERVICAL TRUNK which comes off of SUBCLAVIAN
Which artery to the thyroid is present 10% of the time branching from either the brachiocephalic artery or arch of aorta?
THYROID IMA ARTERY
What is the MAJOR blood supply to the thyroid?
Inferior thyroid artery
Venous drainage of the thyroid gland occurs via?
Thyroid venous plexus
Thyroid venous plexus drains to which veins?
-Inferior thyroid vein --> L. brachiocephalic

-Superior & middle thyroid vein --> Internal jugular
Lymph drainage of the thyroid gland is accomplished by draining to which nodes?
Pretrachical & Paratracheal -->
Sup. or Inf. Deep cervical (or go straight to deep cervical) --> Jugular trunk
Site of origin of embyronic development of thyroid gland?
Basal midline of tongue
What is the vestigial depression on the dorsum of tongue from thyroid tissue development called?
Foramen cecum
The superior pair of parathyroid glands are derived from which pharyngeal arch?
Superior pair of parathyroid glands = 4th arch
The inferior pair of parathyroid glands are derived from which pharyngeal arch?
Inferior pair of parathyroid glands = 3rd arch
Cystic remnants of thyroglossal duct occuring anywhere from foramen cecum --> thyroid gland?
Thyroglossal duct cyst
Parathyroid glands are supplied by which arteries?
Superior pair -- superior thyroid
Inferior pair -- inferior thyroid