Anps Exam 2 Part 3

Front 1

thalamus

Back 1

relay center

Front 2

hypothalamus

Back 2

homeostasis

Front 3

pineal gland

Back 3

circadian rhythm

Front 4

pituitary gland

Back 4

endocrine functions

Front 5

part of diencephalon (4)

Back 5

thalamus, hypothalamus, pineal, pituitary

Front 6

brainstem is composed of

Back 6

midbrain, pons, medulla

Front 7

cerebellum

Back 7

balance, coordination

Front 8

gray matter makes up the

Back 8

cortex

Front 9

gray matter in the spinal cord is located the most

Back 9

medially. white matter surrounds the gray matter dorsal and ventral horns

Front 10

peripheral receptors are responsible for

Back 10

bringing in sensory information from the body to the spinal cord

Front 11

sensory neurons enter through the ____ horn to synapse on gray matter neurons

Back 11

dorsal

Front 12

effector

Back 12

muscle or gland being acted on

Front 13

peripheral nerves contain ________

Back 13

sensory and motor axons.

Front 14

what divides nerves into fascicles or axon bundles

Back 14

perineurium

Front 15

what surrounds individual axons

Back 15

endoneurium

Front 16

dorsal column is made up of ____ matter

Back 16

white

Front 17

cell bodies of motor neurons are located in the

Back 17

ventral horn

Front 18

spinal cord goes through _____ foramen and nerves go through _____ foramen

Back 18

vertebral foramen, intervertebral foramen

Front 19

if the spinal cord is injured in a way that breaks the intervertebral foramen, what functions would be damaged

Back 19

sensory and motor

Front 20

if the spinal cord is crushed so that the person has pressure on their back, what functions would be damaged

Back 20

sensory, this would affect the dorsal horns

Front 21

what is in the dorsal horn gray matter

Back 21

synapses of sensory neurons & cell bodies of second order projections

Front 22

what is in the ventral horn gray matter

Back 22

synapses of sensory neurons for monosynaptic reflex & cell bodies of motor neurons

Front 23

more white matter is located at the _____ level because it has more ______ information and more gray matter is located in the _______ levels because it has more _____ information.

Back 23

cervical, sensory. lower, motor

Front 24

how many spinal nerves are at the cervical level

Back 24

8

Front 25

how many spinal nerves at thoracic level

Back 25

12

Front 26

how many spinal nerves at lumbar level

Back 26

5

Front 27

how many spinal nerves at sacral

Back 27

5

Front 28

how many spinal nerves at coccygeal

Back 28

1

Front 29

what are the two enlargements in the spinal cord

Back 29

cervical and lumbosacral enlargements

Front 30

what type of information causes the two enlargements in the spinal cord

Back 30

motor information going to the legs and arms

Front 31

sympathetic innervation comes from _______

Back 31

thoracic section

Front 32

parasympathetic innervation comes from_______

Back 32

sacral and brain stem

Front 33

the spinal cord ends at what level of the vertebrae

Back 33

L1

Front 34

tapered end of spinal cord is called

Back 34

conus medullaris

Front 35

the spinal cord ends at L1 vertebrae and is called the

Back 35

conus medullaris

Front 36

the spinal nerves below L1 form the

Back 36

cauda equina

Front 37

what anchors the conus medullaris to the dura

Back 37

filum terminale

Front 38

dermatome

Back 38

a map of the body where every region of skin is innervated by one spinal nerve

Front 39

what is the spinal nerve that innervates the face

Back 39

cn 5 (facial)

Front 40

what is the dermatome layer that innervates the arm

Back 40

cervical

Front 41

what is the specific spinal nerve that innervates the thumb

Back 41

C6

Front 42

what dermatome layer innervates the body

Back 42

thoracic

Front 43

what specific spinal nerve innervates the nipple and the navel

Back 43

T4 (nipple), T10 (navel)

Front 44

what is an example of a nerve that is formed from the union of branches of several spinal nerves

Back 44

sciatic nerve

Front 45

nerve plexus

Back 45

interwoven networks of spinal nerves fromed from blended fibers of adjacent spinal nerves

Front 46

four major plexuses

Back 46

cervical, brachial, lumbar, sacral (often lumbar and sacral are combined)

Front 47

cervical plexus

Back 47

located in the neck and innervates neck, thoracic cavity, diaphragm muscles

Front 48

what spinal nerves keep the diaphragm alive

Back 48

C3,4, 5

Front 49

brachial plexus

Back 49

innervates pectoral girdle and upper limbs, from cervical part of spinal cord and comes up of neck/shoulder area

Front 50

lumbar/ sacral plexus

Back 50

innervate pelvic girdle and lower limbs

Front 51

what part of the nervous system maintains consciousness

Back 51

brainstem

Front 52

what foods have tryptophan

Back 52

milk, cheese, and turkey. turkey coma

Front 53

how can you tell if it is dorsal part of brainstem

Back 53

(deep v in medulla where cerebellum covers it), middle cerebellar peduncles, inferior and superior colliculus, PINEAL

Front 54

how can you tell it is ventral part of brainstem

Back 54

no cerebellum, pontine protuberance, mammillary bodies, pyramids and olive,CRANIAL NERVES ARE LOCATED ON THIS SIDE

Front 55

where are pacemaker cells located

Back 55

medulla oblongata

Front 56

what does the medulla oblongata control

Back 56

autonomic nuclei for cardiovascular centers, respiratory rhythmicity centers, vomiting centers (emetic), swallowing (through CN 9, 10, 11),

Front 57

what creates the bumps of the olives

Back 57

nerve cell bodies for motor learning

Front 58

what cranial nerves are at the level of medulla oblongata

Back 58

CN 8-12

Front 59

olivary nucleus

Back 59

motor learning

Front 60

pyramids

Back 60

descending motor commands from the corticospinal tract cross over. carries motor info to the opposite side of the body

Front 61

nucleus gracilus

Back 61

on the dorsal side, carries info from LEGS (l in gracilus, l in legs) also is medial

Front 62

nucleus cuneatus

Back 62

on the dorsal side, carries info from arms, lateral to gracilus

Front 63

trigenimal nucleus

Back 63

pain and temp from face carried by facial nerve

Front 64

pons is responsible for

Back 64

motor plan sent to cerebellum for coordination

Front 65

tracts in the pons

Back 65

descending motor axons from cortex and red nucleus, ascending sensory axons from body and face

Front 66

Cranial nerves at level of pons

Back 66

5-8

Front 67

superior cerebellar peduncles are important for

Back 67

the cerebellum to have to send axons carring info leaving the cerebellum

Front 68

axons from the cortex going into the cerebellum would go through what level of cerebellar peduncle and what is this important for

Back 68

they would go through the middle cerebellar peduncle and are important for the motor plan

Front 69

superior colliculi

Back 69

visual tracking

Front 70

inferior colliculi

Back 70

auditory localization

Front 71

what cranial nerves are at the level of midbrain

Back 71

3,4

Front 72

Reticular activating system (RAS)

Back 72

critical for maintining consciousness

Front 73

substantia nigra

Back 73

dopamine containing neurons that are part of basal ganglia

Front 74

red nucleus

Back 74

arm flexion, damage results in decerebrate posture

Front 75

decerebrate posture

Back 75

arms extended and unconscious. arms splayed out means red nucleus and probably RAS since they are so close are damaged. RAS is important for maintaining consciousness so this si a really bad sign

Front 76

cerebral peduncles

Back 76

axons descending motor neurons to innervate brainstem and spinal cord

Front 77

norepinephrine is involved in

Back 77

attention, sleep, and mood

Front 78

serotonin is involved in

Back 78

control of mood, sleep, and feeding