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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Instinct
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fixed action pattern, little variation, highly inflexible, stereotypical behavior responses,
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Learning
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Condition-depend behavior. make decisions based on environment, Conditioning,
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Operant conditions
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Trial and error learning. Blue jay eats butterfly. Tastes bad. Will he eat another one?
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Classical Conditioning
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Pavlov and his dogs. Bell rings then dog gets food. starts to salivate when it hears just bell.
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Proximate
(Timbergern's four levels of analysis) |
HOW
1)Mechanisms responsible for behavior (ex: genes, hormones, neutral inputs) 2) Development shaping behavior (ex: learning) |
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Ultimate
(Timbergen's four levels of analysis) |
WHY
1)function (adaptive advantage of a trait) 2) evolution (reason a particular behavior evolved constraints due to shared evolutionary history.) |
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Sexual Selection
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traits related to mate choice, Charles Darwin, 2 forms:
1) Intrasexual-Male-Male competition 2) Intersexuzl: Female choice |
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Mate Selection
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Female preferences for male traits evolve because:
Direct: Indicator Mechanisms/Honest signals (health, quality, species identity) Indirect: Good genes, "sexy son", sensory bias |
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Natural Selection
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traits better suited for the environment will win. Lack social benefit
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Solitary Lifestyle
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+ hide from predators, limit conspecific competition, live in small places, exploit small food resources
-Lack social benefits |
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Social Lifestyle
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+Specialization and productivity, group defense and alarm, food gathering, care of young
-intense predation, parasitism, disease |
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Altruism
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the beneficial act at cost to oneself
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When altruism can evolve
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Hamilton's Rule: rb>c
*r=genetic relatedness of the recipient to the actor *b=the added reproductive benefit gained by the recipient of the altruistic act *c=the reproductive cost to the individual of performing the act |
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Communication
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Signal from on individual modifies the behavior of another. must be received and acted upon.
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