Anatomy & Physiology Paramedic Chapter 3

Front 1

The socket in the ball-and-socket joint that connects the pelvic girdle and the lower extremity.

Back 1

Acetabulum

Front 2

The point at which the clavicle attaches to the acromion process.

Back 2

Acromioclavicular Joint

Front 3

One or more toen ligaments in the AC joint, resulting in a seperated shoulder.

Back 3

Acromioclavicular Seperation

Front 4

The tip of the shoulder and the site of attachment for both the clavicle and various shoulder muscles.

Back 4

Acromion Process

Front 5

The ridges between the teeth, which are covered with thickened connective tissue and epithelium.

Back 5

Alveolar Ridge

Front 6

Small pits or cavities, such as the sockets for the teeth or air sacs in the lungs.

Back 6

Alveoli

Front 7

A ring of fibrous or fibrocartilaginous tissue that is part of the intervertebral disk.

Back 7

Anulus Fibrosus

Front 8

The upper and lower extremities and the girdles that attach them to the axial skeleton.

Back 8

Appendicular Skeleton

Front 9

The formation of new bone on the surface of bone.

Back 9

Appositional Growth

Front 10

The location where the atlas articulates with the occipital condyles.

Back 10

Atlanto-Occipital Joint

Front 11

The first cervical vertebra (C1), which provides support for the head.

Back 11

Atlas

Front 12

The bones that function in hearing and are located deep within cavities of the temporal bone.

Back 12

Auditory Ossciles

Front 13

The portion of the skeleton that includes the torso.

Back 13

Axial Skeleton

Front 14

The second cervical vertebra, the point that allows the head to turn.

Back 14

Axis

Front 15

Bruising over the mastoid process, usually from a basilar skull fracture.

Back 15

Battle's Sign

Front 16

A fracture of the floor of the orbit usually caused by a blow to the eye.

Back 16

Blowout Fracture

Front 17

The sunstance located within the medullary cavity of abone that consists of adipose tissue (yellow marrow) or reb blood-producing cells in bones in the axial skeleton and girdles (red marrow).

Back 17

Bone Marrow

Front 18

Grinding together of the upper and lower teeth.

Back 18

Bruxism

Front 19

A circumferential ballooning of an intact intervertebrl disk.

Back 19

Bulging Disk

Front 20

A small fluid-filled sac located between a tendon and a bone that cushions and protects the joint.

Back 20

Bursa

Front 21

The zone of repair in which a mass of exudates and connective tissue forms around a break in a bone and converts to bone during healing.

Back 21

Callus

Front 22

A minute canal in a bone.

Back 22

Canaliculi

Front 23

Bone that is made up of a lacy network of bony rods called trabeculae.

Back 23

Cancellous Bone

Front 24

Compression of the median nerve within the carpal canal at the wrist.

Back 24

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS)

Front 25

Plates of shiny connective tissue that are lubricated by synovial fluid to provide a slippery surface over which bones may move freely.

Back 25

Cartilage

Front 26

The most serious disk rupture that occurs when nuclear material protrudes straight back into the spinal cord, possible resulting in permanent loss of bladder and bowel control.

Back 26

Central Disk Herniation

Front 27

The fluid that bathes and provides hydraulic cushioning to the brain and spinal cord.

Back 27

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Front 28

A cell that produces cartilage.

Back 28

Chondroblast

Front 29

The collarbone, which is located on the anterior chest and is an integral part of the shoulder girdle.

Back 29

Clavicle

Front 30

A fracture in which the bone ends have not been exposed by a break through the skin.

Back 30

Closed Fracture

Front 31

The last four/five vertebrae, which are fused together to form the tailbone.

Back 31

Coccyx

Front 32

A fracture in which the bone end is fragmented.

Back 32

Comminuted Fracture

Front 33

Bone that is mostly solid, with few spaces.

Back 33

Compact Bone

Front 34

A fracture in which the bone collapses.

Back 34

Compression Fracture

Front 35

The point where the parietal bones join together with the frontal bone.

Back 35

Coronal Suture

Front 36

Inflammation of the costocartilage, which attaches the ribs to the sternum.

Back 36

Costchondritis

Front 37

The bones that encase and protect the brain, including the parietal, temporal, frontal, occipital, sphenoid and ethmoid bones.

Back 37

Cranial Vault

Front 38

A grinding sound or sensation.

Back 38

Crepitus

Front 39

A horizontal bone perforated with numerous foramina for the passage of the olfactory nerve filaments from the nasal cavity.

Back 39

Cribriform Plate

Front 40

A prominent bony ridge in the center of the anterior fossa to which the meninges are attached.

Back 40

Crista Galli

Front 41

The part of a tooth that is external to the gum.

Back 41

Crown

Front 42

Point at the top of a tooth.

Back 42

Cusp

Front 43

A progressive form of arthiritis that causes deterioration of the intervertebral disk.

Back 43

Degenerative Disk Disease

Front 44

The principle mass of the tooth, which is made up of a material that is much more dense and stronger than bone.

Back 44

Dentin

Front 45

The shaft of a long bone.

Back 45

Diaphysis

Front 46

A state of abnormally small bones.

Back 46

Dwarfism

Front 47

The growth of cartilage in the epiphyseal plate, which is eventually replaced by bone.

Back 47

Endochondral Growth

Front 48

The lining of the inner surfaces of a long bone.

Back 48

Endosteum

Front 49

An inflammation of the muscles of the elbow joint; more commonly known as tennis elbow.

Back 49

Epicondylitis

Front 50

The ends of a long bone.

Back 50

Epiphyses

Front 51

An opening in the temporal bone that containe the ear canal.

Back 51

External Auditory Meatus

Front 52

A smooth, flat circumscribed anatomic surface of a bone.

Back 52

Facet

Front 53

The seventh pair of cranial nerves that supply sensory and motor nerve functions to the face and jaw.

Back 53

Facial Nerve

Front 54

The long bone in the thigh.

Back 54

Femur

Front 55

A cell that secretes proteins and collagen to form connective tissue between broken bone ends.

Back 55

Fibroblast

Front 56

The long bone on the posterior surface of the leg.

Back 56

Fibula

Front 57

Type of bone that is relatively thin and flattened.

Back 57

Flat Bone

Front 58

The soft spots in the skull of a newborn and infant where the sutures of the skull have not yet grown together.

Back 58

Fontanels

Front 59

The alrge opening at the bottom of the skull through which the brain connects with the spinal cord.

Back 59

Foramen Magnum

Front 60

Small openings, perforations, or orifices in the bones of the cranial vault.

Back 60

Foramina

Front 61

A state of bony overgrowth.

Back 61

Gigantism

Front 62

The gums; connective tissue that covers the alveolar ridge.

Back 62

Gingiva

Front 63

The bony belts that attach the extremities to the axial skeleton.

Back 63

Girdles

Front 64

the part of the scapula that forms the socket in the ball-and-socket joint of the shoulder.

Back 64

Glenoid Fossa

Front 65

A joint where the opposing surfaces of bone glide over each other to articulate.

Back 65

Gliding Joint

Front 66

An incomplete fracture in which the bone is bent and only the outer arc of the bend is broken.

Back 66

Greenstick Fracture

Front 67

The bony anterior part of the palate, which forms the roof of the mouth.

Back 67

Hard Palate

Front 68

A unit of compact bone consisting of a tube (haversian canal) with the laminae of bone that surrounds it.

Back 68

Haversian System

Front 69

A tear in the anulus fibrosus that results in leakage of the nucleus pulposus, most commonly against exiting nerve roots.

Back 69

Herniated Disk

Front 70

The bone of the arm.

Back 70

Humerus

Front 71

A mineral compound containing calcium and phosphate that, along with collagen, comprises the structural element of bone.

Back 71

Hydroxyapatite

Front 72

A bone at the base of the tongue that supports the tongue and its muscles.

Back 72

Hyoid Bone

Front 73

A fracture in which one fragmented bone is wedged into the other fragmented bone end.

Back 73

Impacted Fracture

Front 74

A mass of fibrocartilage between each vertebral body of the spine, composed of the anulus fibosus and the nucleus pulposus.

Back 74

Intervertebral Disk

Front 75

The opening between each vertebra through which the spinal (peripheral) nerves pass from the spinal cord.

Back 75

Intervertebral Foramen

Front 76

The point where two or more bones come together, allowing movement to occur.

Back 76

Joint

Front 77

An excessively concave thoracic curve. Also called hump back.

Back 77

Kyphosis

Front 78

One of the minute cavities in bone or cartilage occupied by osteocytes.

Back 78

Lacuna

Front 79

The point where the occipital bones attach to the parietal bones.

Back 79

Lamboid Suture

Front 80

Thin sheets or layers into which bone tissue is organized.

Back 80

Lamellae

Front 81

An enlargement of the distal end of the fibula, which forms the lateral wall of the ankle joint.

Back 81

Lateral Malleoulus

Front 82

Tough white bands of tissue that bind bones together.

Back 82

Ligaments

Front 83

Type of bone that is longer than it is wide.

Back 83

Long Bones

Front 84

An exaggerated lumbar curve or hollow back.

Back 84

Lordosis

Front 85

The moveable lower jaw bone.

Back 85

Mandible

Front 86

A cone-shaped section of bone at the base of the temporal bone.

Back 86

Mastoid Process

Front 87

A severe infection involving the air cells of the mastoid process.

Back 87

Mastoiditis

Front 88

The distl end of the tibia, which forms the medial side of the ankle joint.

Back 88

Medial Malleoulus

Front 89

The internal cavity of the diaphysis of a long bone that contains bone marrow.

Back 89

Medullary Cavity

Front 90

The three layers of membranes, the dura, the arachnoid, and pia, that surround the brain.

Back 90

Meninges

Front 91

The bones that form the hand.

Back 91

Metacarpal Bones

Front 92

The area of long bone where the disphysisand epiphysis converge. The epiphyseal plate is located here.

Back 92

Metaphysis

Front 93

The chamber inside the nose that lies between the floor of the cranium and the roof of the mouth.

Back 93

Nasal Cavity

Front 94

The seperation between the left and right nostrils.

Back 94

Nasal Septum

Front 95

The gelatinous mass that makes up the center of each intervertbral disk.

Back 95

Nucleus Polposus

Front 96

A fracture that forms an angle to the shaft of the bone.

Back 96

Oblique Fracture

Front 97

Articular surface on the occipital bone where the skull articulates with the atlas on the vertebral column.

Back 97

Occipital Condyles

Front 98

The cranial nerve for smell.

Back 98

Olfactory Bulb

Front 99

A fracture in which a bone end has penetrated the skin; also called a compound fracture.

Back 99

Open Fracture

Front 100

Bony cavity in the frontal skull that encloses and protects the eye.

Back 100

Orbit

Front 101

The three small bones in the middle ear: the malleus, incus, and stapes.

Back 101

Ossicles

Front 102

A bone-forming cell.

Back 102

Osteoblast

Front 103

Large, multinucleated cells taht dissolve bone tissue and play a major role in bone remodeling.

Back 103

Osteoclasts

Front 104

An osteoblast that becomes surrounded by bony matrix.

Back 104

Osteocyte

Front 105

A genetic disorder in which the patient lacks sufficient collagen for proper strength of the bones.

Back 105

Osteogensis Imperfecta

Front 106

An abnormal softening of bone because of a loss of calcium.

Back 106

Osteomalcia

Front 107

An inflammation of the bone usually resulting from bacterial infection.

Back 107

Osteomyelitis

Front 108

Unit within a compact bone in which blood vessels are located; also called the haversian system

Back 108

Osteon

Front 109

A reduction in the actual quantity of bony tissue

Back 109

Osteoporosis

Front 110

An irregularly shaped bone found in the posterior part of the nasal cavity.

Back 110

Palatine Bone

Front 111

The sinuses, or hollowed sections of bone in the front of the head, which are lined with mucous membrane and drain into the nasal cavity.

Back 111

Paranasal Sinuses

Front 112

The kneecap.

Back 112

Patella

Front 113

the foot of each vertebra in the vertebral arch.

Back 113

Pedicle

Front 114

The attachment of the lower extremities to the body, consistin of the sacrum and two pelvic bones.

Back 114

Pelvis

Front 115

The membrane that attaches the teeth to the alveolar bone.

Back 115

Peridontal Membrane

Front 116

The membrane, made up of a double layer of connective tissue, that covers all bones, except the articular surfaces.

Back 116

Periosteum

Front 117

The small bones of the digits of the fingers and toes.

Back 117

Phalanges

Front 118

The major site of bone elongation, located just proximal to the bone ends. Also called the growth plate.

Back 118

Physis

Front 119

An endocrine gland, located in the sella turcica of the brain, responsible for directly or indirectly affecting all bodily functions.

Back 119

Pituitary Gland

Front 120

An irritation of the tough band of connective tissue extending from the calcaneus to the proximal phalange of each toe.

Back 120

Plantar Fasciitis

Front 121

Soft tissue within the tooth.

Back 121

Pulp

Front 122

The posterior vertical parts of the lower jaw that join the mandible.

Back 122

Rami

Front 123

A disease caused by vitamin D deficiency.

Back 123

Rickets

Front 124

The five sacral vertebrae, which are fused together to form the posterior portion of the pelvic structure.

Back 124

Sacrum

Front 125

Two saddle-shaped articulating surfaces oriented at right angles to each other so that complementary surfaces articulate with each other, such as is the case with the thumb.

Back 125

Saddle Joint

Front 126

The point of the skull where the parietal bones join together.

Back 126

Sagittal Suture

Front 127

The triangular shaped bone that comprises the shoulder blade, which is an integral component of the shoulder girdle.

Back 127

Scapula

Front 128

An abnormal bending of the spine to the side.

Back 128

Scoliosis

Front 129

A depression in the middle of the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located.

Back 129

Sella Turcica

Front 130

Type of bone that is as broad as it is long.

Back 130

Short Bone

Front 131

the attachment point of the upper extremity to the body, consisiting of the scapula and clavicle.

Back 131

Shoulder Girdle

Front 132

A ball-and-socket joint conssiting of the head od the humerus and the glenoid fossa.

Back 132

Shoulder Joint

Front 133

An inflammation of the paranasal sinuses.

Back 133

Sinusitis

Front 134

The structure at the top of the axial skeleton that houses the brain and consists of the 28 bones that comprise the auditory ossicles, the cranium, and the face.

Back 134

Skull

Front 135

A fracture that twists around the shaft of a bone.

Back 135

Spiral Fracture

Front 136

The breastbone in the center of the anterior chest.

Back 136

Sternum

Front 137

Several lond, slender, and pointed bones that project downward and forward from the temporal bone. Also, the small bony protrusion to which the ligaments of the wrist are attached.

Back 137

Styloid Process

Front 138

Attachment points in the skull where the cranial bones join together.

Back 138

Sutures

Front 139

The transparent viscous lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane in an articulation.

Back 139

Synovial Fluid

Front 140

The joint between the temporal bone and the posterior condyle that allows for movements of the mandible.

Back 140

Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)

Front 141

Specialized tough cords or bands of dense white connective tissue that attaches muscles to bones.

Back 141

Tendons

Front 142

The long bone on the anterior surface of the leg.

Back 142

Tibia

Front 143

A ringing in the ears.

Back 143

Tinnitus

Front 144

Bony rods that make up cancellous bone and are oriented to increase weight-bearing capacity of long bones.

Back 144

Trabeculae

Front 145

A fracture straight across the shaft of a bone.

Back 145

Transverse Fracture

Front 146

Spasm of the muscles of chewing.

Back 146

Trismus

Front 147

The posterior portion of a vertebra, which contains the bony processes, facets, and pedicles.

Back 147

Vertebral Arch

Front 148

The spine, or primary support structure of the body, which houses the spinal cord and the peripheral nerves.

Back 148

Vertebral Column

Front 149

A hole through which spinal nerves pass from the spinal cord.

Back 149

Vertebral Foramen

Front 150

The bone that extends along the front of the skull below the orbit.

Back 150

Zygomatic Arch