Aaos Paramedic A&p Ch. 1-7

Front 1

Which term describes the study of the body functions of living organisms in an abnormal state?

Back 1

pathophysiology

Front 2

All of the following processes take place in the uterus, EXCEPT?

Back 2

Fertilization

Front 3

Cervical spondylosis is a degenerative change in the cervical spine that causes:

Back 3

narrowing of the spinal canal and pressure on the spinal cord

Front 4

Common causes of bradycardia include?

Back 4

Beta blocker use

Front 5

Many veteran EMS providers have embraced a leadership role in primary injury prevention after?

Back 5

witnessing too many episodes of needless suffering

Front 6

Prior to unloading a patient from the ambulance, you should:

Back 6

ensure that the patient is secured to the stretcher

Front 7

Q. A size 3 or 4 LMA:

Back 7

will accommodate the passage of a 6.0mm ET tube

Front 8

The second impact that occurs when an adult pedestrian is struck by a motor vehicle would MOST likely result in injuries to the:

Back 8

pelvis and chest

Front 9

When communicating with a patient whose cultural background differs from the paramedics, it is MOST important for the paramedic to?

Back 9

treat the patient with utmost respect at all times

Front 10

Which of the following statements regarding selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (RRSIs) is most correct?

Back 10

SSRIs have fewer anticholinergic and cardiac effects than tricyclics.

Front 11

Your entire assessment of a patient should:

Back 11

Appear to be a seamless process

Front 12

Adipose tissue is a special type of tissue that contains large amounts of?

Back 12

lipids

Front 13

An endogenous ligand is?

Back 13

a molecule that is produced by the body and binds to a receptor

Front 14

Fall-related fractures in the elderly occur MOST often to the ___, usually in patients with underlying:

Back 14

hip, osteoporosis

Front 15

Gathering a patient's medical history and performing an in-depth physical examination should occur:

Back 15

Once the initial assessment and correction of life threats is completed

Front 16

Nerve agents block ___, an essential enzyme of the nervous system.

Back 16

cholinesterase

Front 17

Q. The MOST effective way to minimize the risk of hypoxia while intubating a child is to:

Back 17

limit your intubation attempt to 20 seconds.

Front 18

The 6-second method for calculating the rate of a cardiac rhythm?

Back 18

Involves counting the number of QRS complexes in a 6-second-strip and multiplying that number by 10.

Front 19

The volume of plasma in an adult with a total blood volume of 6.5 liters is approximately?

Back 19

6.5x0.55 = 3.6L

Front 20

What is the target heart rate for a 35 yo man with a resting heart rate of 75 bpm?

Back 20

152 beats/min

Front 21

When a patient takes the “up and over” pathway during a head-on collision:

Back 21

the anterior part of the neck may strike the steering wheel, resulting in a fractured larynx

Front 22

Women who have had a cesarean section?

Back 22

Can have a normal vaginal delivery

Front 23

A key part of making your practice of prehospital care successful is for you to:

Back 23

Develop and cultivate your own style of assessment and an overall strategy for evaluating and providing care for the patients you will encounter in the unique and varied circumstances in the field setting

Front 24

According to the START triage system, if a patient has a strong radial pulse, you should:

Back 24

control bleeding and assess mental status

Front 25

At 2 months of age, an infant should be able to?

Back 25

track objects with his or her eyes

Front 26

Delirium is MOST accurately defined as:

Back 26

an acute alteration in mentation that indicates an underlying condition

Front 27

Q. Patients with decompensated asthma or COPD that require positive-pressure ventilation:

Back 27

may develop a pneumothorax or experience a decrease in venous return to the heart if they are ventilated too rapidly

Front 28

Sudden deceleration of a motor vehicle that is traveling at 60 mph:

Back 28

dissipates tremendous forces and causes major injuries

Front 29

The primary component of the immune system is the?

Back 29

Leukocyte

Front 30

When dispatched to a residence for an injury involving a pregnant woman, you should?

Back 30

Be alert for evidence of abuse

Front 31

You have been attempting resuscitation of a middle-aged woman for approximately 15 minutes; however, she has not responded to any of your treatment. There is no evidence of hypothermia or drug ingestion, and the cardiac monitor shows asystole. You should?

Back 31

consider terminating your resuscitative efforts

Front 32

You receive a call to a skilled nursing facility for an elderly man with generalized weakness. The patients nurse tells you that he has not eaten anything in the past 18 hours. She presents you with his chart, which states that he has a history of atrial fibrillation, CHF, and hypertension. His medications include Vasotec, digoxin, and Warfarin. As you apply the cardiac monitor, your partner takes the patients vital signs, which reveal a blood pressure of 136/76 mmHg, a rapid and irregular pulse, and respirations of 22 breaths/min. The ECG reveals atrial fibrillation with a variable rate between 110 and 130 beats/min, and a 12-lead ECG tracing reveals the same. After applying supplemental oxygen, you should?

Back 32

Start an IV line to keep the vein open, administer diltiazem, and transport.

Front 33

Which of the following is NOT a particle that makes up an atom?

Back 33

photon

Front 34

* If a patient sees you as someone with whom it is safe to be, who does not pose a threat, and who honestly cares, then he or she will most likely?

Back 34

be reassured that you will handle the crisis

Front 35

Fluid-refractory hypotension following a barbiturate overdose is treated MOST effectively with?

Back 35

Dopamine

Front 36

In prehospital care, the priorities of evaluation and treatment are based on:

Back 36

The degree of threat to the patient’s life

Front 37

Level ___ personal protective equipment would MOST likely be worn during the transport of patients with the potential of secondary contamination.

Back 37

C

Front 38

Q. Which of the following statements regarding translaryngeal catheter ventilation is MOST correct?

Back 38

ventilation is achieved by the use of a high-pressure jet ventilator

Front 39

Resting tremor of an extremity and bradykinesia are associated with:

Back 39

Parkinson’s disease

Front 40

The greatest amount of kinetic energy would be created if a ___ pound driver struck a tree while traveling at ___ mph.

Back 40

150, 40

Front 41

Torsades de pointes?

Back 41

Is a variant of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and is often caused by a prolonged Q-T interval.

Front 42

Which of the following assessment parameters is MOST difficult to interpret when a pregnant woman is injured?

Back 42

pulse rate

Front 43

With regard to injury prevention, effective educational techniques include all of the following EXCEPT?

Back 43

penalties

Front 44

You arrive on the scene of a stabbing. A 23-year-old man has a knife wound approximately 10 cm inferior to the armpit. Which of the following anatomical terms best describes the location of the wound?

Back 44

midaxillary

Front 45

A person taking beta blockers or calcium channel blockers would MOST likely present with:

Back 45

a slower than usual heart rate

Front 46

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is characterized by?

Back 46

enlargement or thickening of the heart muscle

Front 47

Myocardial ischemia occurs when the heart muscle?

Back 47

Is deprived of oxygen because of a blocked coronary artery.

Front 48

Q. Approximately how far should you insert a 5.0mm ET tube in a 4-year-old child?

Back 48

15 cm (diameter x 3)

Front 49

The dome-shaped top of the uterus is called the?

Back 49

fundus

Front 50

The permissible exposure limit (PEL) of a given chemical is the:

Back 50

maximum concentration of a chemical that a person may be exposed to under OSHA regulations

Front 51

When chlorine gas comes in contact with the body’s mucous membranes, it forms?

Back 51

Hydrochloric acid

Front 52

Which of the following injuries would MOST likely require transport to a level 1 trauma center?

Back 52

Two or more proximal long bone fractures

Front 53

Which of the following is NOT a part of your overall job as a paramedic?

Back 53

Always remember that your overall job as a paramedic is to quickly identify your patient’s problem(s), set your care priorities, develop a patient care plan, and quickly and efficiently execute the patient care plan.

Front 54

Which of the following statements regarding ethics in the workplace is MOST correct?

Back 54

off-duty misconduct on the part of the paramedic may lessen the public's confidence of EMS in general

Front 55

Specialized cell division that occurs only in the reproduction of mature sperm and ova is called?

Back 55

meiosis

Front 56

A decreased number of pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial node would MOST likely contribute to a decline in cardiac output secondary to:

Back 56

bradycardia

Front 57

Atrial kick is MOST accurately defined as?

Back 57

20% of ventricular filling caused by atrial contraction.

Front 58

Complications in a pregnant woman with cystic fibrosis are usually the result of?

Back 58

reduced pulmonary function

Front 59

Muscle cramps and paresthesias in a malnourished patient with alcoholism are most likely the result of?

Back 59

hypocalcemia

Front 60

Q. Wheezing is resolved with medications that:

Back 60

relax the smooth muscle of the bronchiole

Front 61

Signs and symptoms of marijuana use include all of the following, EXCEPT?

Back 61

Decreased appetite

Front 62

The most significant fall occurs from a height greater than:

Back 62

15 feet

Front 63

When determining whether a patient is sick, your MOST effective tool is often:

Back 63

A quick visual assessment based on the chief complaint, respiration's, pulse, mental status, and skin signs and color.

Front 64

You are dispatched to a residence for a 50-year-old woman with respiratory distress. While you are assessing the patient, she tells you that she began experiencing flu-like symptoms 4 days ago, shortly after delivering mail on the rural mail route for which she is responsible. Due to her illness, she has been unable to return to work. Her blood pressure is 90/50 mmHg, pulse rate is 120 beats/min, and respirations are 26 breaths/min and labored. Auscultation of her breath sounds reveals the presence of coarse crackles. This patient has MOST likely been exposed to:

Back 64

anthrax

Front 65

You arrive at the scene of an injured person. As you and your partner approach the patient, you see that he is bleeding profusely from a large laceration to his neck. As you are about to begin care, a man walks up and states, "I cut him!" You should?

Back 65

retreat from the scene to a safe area and immediately notify law enforcement

Front 66

The spleen is located in which abdominal compartment?

Back 66

left upper quadrant (LUQ)

Front 67

___ is the process in which individual units or different organizations make independent decisions about the next appropriate action.

Back 67

freelancing

Front 68

A person wishes to be an organ donor. He or she must?

Back 68

have witnessed informed consent, usually in writing

Front 69

Approximately one third of the body’s platelets:

Back 69

are stored in the spleen.

Front 70

During an explosion, secondary blast injuries occur when:

Back 70

the patient is struck by flying debris, such as shrapnel

Front 71

Hypertensive emergencies in the geriatric population:

Back 71

require a controlled decline in blood pressure that often cannot be achieved in the prehospital setting.

Front 72

Q. An elderly woman with COPD presents with peripheral edema. The patient is conscious but agitated. She is breathing with slight difficulty but has adequate tidal volume. During your assessment, you note that her jugular veins engorge when you apply pressure to her right upper abdominal quadrant. She tells you that she takes a “water pill” and Vasotec for high blood pressure. You should:

Back 72

suspect acute right heart failure and administer oxygen

Front 73

Regardless of what a patient asks, the paramedic should?

Back 73

immediately acknowledge what the patient asked

Front 74

Which of the following clinical findings is LEAST suggestive of a peripheral vascular disorder?

Back 74

An S3 sound during auscultation of the heart.

Front 75

Which of the following medications would MOST likely be used in the prehospital setting to treat some women with severe premenstrual syndrome?

Back 75

glucose and fentanyl

Front 76

You are in the BEST position to decide what, if any, care needs to be provided at the scene versus en route to the hospital once you:

Back 76

Have qualified whether your patient is sick or not sick, and then you must quantify how sick the patient is.

Front 77

A fracture to the humerus is best described as having what anatomical location in relationship to the elbow?

Back 77

proximal

Front 78

A do not resuscitate (DNR) order is MOST accurately defined as a?

Back 78

written order designed to tell health care providers when resuscitation is or is not appropriate

Front 79

Elderly patients experience a slower physiologic response to hypoxemia and hypercarbia because of:

Back 79

decreased sensitivity to changes in arterial blood content

Front 80

Q. Digital intubation is absolutely contraindicated if the patient:

Back 80

is unconscious but breathing

Front 81

Which of the following general statements regarding trauma is MOST correct?

Back 81

Blunt trauma is difficult to diagnose by paramedics in the field and is often more lethal than penetrating trauma

Front 82

Which of the following statements regarding growth spurts in adolescents is most correct?

Back 82

boys generally experience this stage of growth later in life than girls do

Front 83

Which of the following statements regarding the use of vasopressin in cardiac arrest is MOST correct?

Back 83

A one-time dose of 40 units of vasopressin may be given to replace the first or second dose of epinephrine.

Front 84

Which of the following would be of LEAST value when trying to determine the type of hazardous material a commercial tanker truck is carrying?

Back 84

waybill

Front 85

With hyperbaric oxygen therapy, carbon monoxide is typically eliminated from the body within:

Back 85

15 to 20 minutes

Front 86

You are assessing a 36-year-old woman who is in the 33rd week of her pregnancy. The patient complains of bright red vaginal bleeding, but denies abdominal pain or cramping. She tells you that she felt her baby move about 5 or 10 minutes ago. Fetal heart tones are audible at a rate of 130 beats/min. Gentle palpation of her abdomen reveals that it is soft and nontender. Which of your assessment findings is MOST suggestive of placenta previa?

Back 86

absence of abdominal pain

Front 87

You will MOST likely make your field diagnosis of a patient based on the:

Back 87

Patients history and chief complaint.

Front 88

The division of one cell into two genetically identical and equal daughter cells is called?

Back 88

mitosis

Front 89

* Touching a conscious elderly patient in a nursing home without his or her permission?

Back 89

is nonverbally communicating, "You are not important enough or mentally competent enough to be asked for permission."

Front 90

A 22-year-old man experienced an acid chemical burn to his left forearm. He complains of intense pain and tingling in his fingers. He is conscious and alert, and denies any other symptoms. You should:

Back 90

begin immediate irrigation with water

Front 91

In contrast to stress incontinence, urge incontinence is triggered by:

Back 91

cold fluids

Front 92

Mittelschmerz is MOST accurately defined as?

Back 92

unilateral abdominal pain and cramping that occurs during the ovulatory process

Front 93

Normally, the S-T segment should be?

Back 93

At the level of the isoelectric line.

Front 94

Q. Apneustic breathing is characterized by:

Back 94

short, brisk inhalations with a long pause before exhalation

Front 95

The motor oil level of the ambulance:

Back 95

should be checked prior to starting the engine

Front 96

The paramedic must make a field diagnosis in order to:

Back 96

Get the info needed to make the best decisions for your patient.

Front 97

When returning your unit to service following a call, the responsibility of ensuring that the unit is restocked and ready for another call rests with?

Back 97

everyone on the EMS team

Front 98

Which of the following will be of MOST benefit in helping the paramedic predict the type of injuries that a patient experienced?

Back 98

Mechanism of injury

Front 99

What is the movement of solutes from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration called?

Back 99

diffusion

Front 100

Decreased elasticity of the lungs and calcification of the costochondral cartilage results in:

Back 100

an increase in residual lung volume

Front 101

Gestational diabetes is caused by?

Back 101

increased insulin production and decreased cellular sensitivity to insulin

Front 102

In sinus bradycardia, the?

Back 102

Pacemaker site is the SA node.

Front 103

Lithium is MOST commonly used to treat patients with:

Back 103

bipolar disorder

Front 104

Which term describes the part of an extremity that is nearer to the trunk?

Back 104

proximal

Front 105

Q. Patients with pneumonia often experience a coughing fit when they roll from one side to the other because:

Back 105

pnuemonia often occurs in the lung bases, typically on only one side

Front 106

The preferred initial method for disentangling a patient who is trapped between the seat and steering wheel involves:

Back 106

trying to slide the seat back on its track

Front 107

The shock wave velocity from an explosion is slower and its duration is longer if a person is:

Back 107

farther from the explosion

Front 108

What instructions or guidance would an emergency medical dispatcher (EMD) MOST likely provide to a caller?

Back 108

controlling bleeding and performing CPR

Front 109

Which of the following statements regarding renal function in older adults is most correct?

Back 109

aging kidneys respond less efficiently to hemodynamic stress

Front 110

Which of the following statements regarding the patient assessment process is correct?

Back 110

(all correct) Ask questions relevant to the patients chief complaint. Think of the assessment as a “fluid process”. As the patient interview unfolds, you need to be able to change the sequence of your questioning as the situation or patients condition dictates.

Front 111

You respond to a call for a 3-year-old in the care of a babysitter, who reports that the child fell from the top of a sliding board. Upon arrival you find the child lying on the ground in a supine position and not moving. You immediately start to hold in-line stabilization and check the ABC's. As you position your hands, you notice the child's head is tucked forward with the chin forward touching the chest. Which one of the following terms best describes this position?

Back 111

hyperflexion

Front 112

A properly worn motorcycle helmet will:

Back 112

not protect the cervical spine

Front 113

Although the technicalities of EMS DNR orders vary from state to state, the all?

Back 113

are designed to tell EMS providers when resuscitation is or is not appropriate

Front 114

Broadly speaking, the finance section chief is responsible for:

Back 114

documenting all expenditures at an incident and seeking reimbursement

Front 115

Epinephrine is used to treat patients in anaphylactic shock because of its effects of?

Back 115

Bronchodilation and vasoconstriction.

Front 116

In contrast to infants, toddlers?

Back 116

have a slower respiratory rate

Front 117

On most runs, the two MOST important pieces of patient history information that you need to obtain initially are the:

Back 117

Patient’s Name and Chief Complaint

Front 118

Q. Intubation of a patient with severe asthma:

Back 118

is often a last resort because asthmatics are difficult to ventilate and are prone to pneumothoraces

Front 119

Red blood cell production is stimulated by a protein secreted by the:

Back 119

kidneys

Front 120

Which of the following conditions is characterized by a lack of progesterone and increased androgen levels, and can lead to hypertension and cardiac problems?

Back 120

polycystic ovaries

Front 121

Which of the following is NOT a predisposing risk factor for trauma in the elderly?

Back 121

Decreased body water

Front 122

You are called to a nursing home for the elderly patient who is suspected of having pneumonia and requires transport to the hospital. While you are obtaining the patient history, the nurse tells you that the patient exhibits myoclonus due to Parkinsonism. What is the sign that you expect to see when doing your assessment?

Back 122

persistent muscle spasms

Front 123

* Conveying calm, unmistakable, genuine concern for someone you've never met before is the most essential challenge as a/an?

Back 123

therapeutic communicator

Front 124

After determining that the scene is safe, the FIRST step in approaching a patient is to:

Back 124

Introduce yourself and to explain that you are a paramedic

Front 125

An electrical impulse is slightly delayed at the AV node so that the?

Back 125

Atria can empty into the ventricles.

Front 126

During normal menstruation, approximately ___ to ___ mL of blood is discharged from the vagina?

Back 126

25, 65

Front 127

Lap belts that are worn alone and high by a pregnant woman:

Back 127

allow enough forward flexion and subsequent compression to rupture the uterus

Front 128

Q. Which of the following is NOT performed before, during, or after insertion of a nasogastric (NG) tube in a conscious patient?

Back 128

keeping the patients head in a flexed position during insertion of the tube

Front 129

The BEST example the paramedic can set with regard to injury prevention is?

Back 129

taking care of himself or herself and serving as a role model for others

Front 130

Which of the following cardiac dysrhythmias is associated with the HIGHEST risk of stroke?

Back 130

Atrial fibrillation

Front 131

Which of the following is NOT a common sign of lead poisoning?

Back 131

Hypotension

Front 132

Which of the following is NOT a pre-incident indicator of terrorism?

Back 132

there is a report of a loud explosion

Front 133

Q. The cricothyroid membrane is the ideal site for making a surgical opening into the trachea because:

Back 133

no important structures lie between the skin covering the cricothyroid membrane and the airway

Front 134

Requesting a hazardous materials (Haz-Mat) team as early as possible to a scene involving a weapon of mass destruction is MOST important because:

Back 134

it takes time for the Haz-Mat team to assemble their personnel and equipment

Front 135

Risk factors for pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) include all of the following, EXCEPT?

Back 135

monogamy

Front 136

The social assessment component of the GEMS diamond includes:

Back 136

determining if activities of daily living are being provided by another person

Front 137

You arrive on the scene of an assisted living facility and find a 65-year-old woman who tells you that she is having severe abdominal pain. While obtaining the SAMPLE history she reports having been at her doctor's office earlier in the week and reports that he suspects gall stones. While doing a physical assessment you have rebound tenderness in the quadrant where the gall bladder is located. Which of the following best describes that anatomical location of the abdomen?

Back 137

right upper quadrant (RUQ)

Front 138

A cardiac patient with respiratory distress should be assumed to be experiencing?

Back 138

Heart failure with pulmonary edema.

Front 139

Asking the patient about the date, time, location, and events surrounding the current situation will enable you to:

Back 139

Determine if the patient is (A&Ox4) Alert to Person, Place, Time and Event

Front 140

During the attempted resuscitation of a 79 yo man in cardiac arrest, a young man arrives at the scene and asks you to cease resuscitative efforts. He further tells you that the pt has entrusted him to make all of his medical decisions. You should?

Back 140

continue full resuscitative efforts and ask the man if the pt has a living will and if he has documentation naming him as the person authorized to make decisions

Front 141

Eye-to-eye contact with a patient communicates?

Back 141

honesty and concern

Front 142

Hematologic manifestations of lead poisoning include:

Back 142

anemia

Front 143

If a person survives the initial trauma from a shotgun wound at a close range:

Back 143

contaminants that were driven into the wound can cause a severe infection

Front 144

* When cells are hypoxic for more than a few seconds?

Back 144

they produce substances that may damage other local or distant body systems

Front 145

A 55-year-old man complains of severe pain between his shoulder blades, which he describes as “ripping” in nature. He tells you that the pain began suddenly and has been intense and unrelenting since its onset. His medical history includes HTN; however, he admits to being noncompliant with his antihypertensive medication. Which of the following assessment findings would MOST likely reinforce your suspicion regarding the cause of his pain?

Back 145

Difference in blood pressure between the two arms.

Front 146

During third trimester vaginal bleeding?

Back 146

the mother may lose as much as 40% of her blood volume before significant signs of hypovolemia occur

Front 147

Older men often experience difficulty urinating because of:

Back 147

urethral pressure from an enlarged prostate

Front 148

People who call 911 at the moment of a loved one's death MOST often needed?

Back 148

information and support

Front 149

Q. Intrapulmonary shunting occurs when:

Back 149

nonfunctional alveoli inhibit pulmonary gas exchange

Front 150

The recommended dose and method for administering naloxone to a patient who overdosed on a narcotic and is unresponsive and hypoventilating is:

Back 150

2 mg injected slowly until the patient’s respirations improve

Front 151

When a patient presents with two seemingly unrelated complaints, it is MOST important for the paramedic to determine:

Back 151

If the two complaints are related. If they are not related, which one will take priority.

Front 152

When a person falls from a significant height and lands on his or her feet, axial loading results in:

Back 152

compression or burst fractures to the lumbar spine

Front 153

Which of the following medications would be the LEAST likely to cause hypotension?

Back 153

toradol

Front 154

Which projection from the neuron conducts electrical impulses away from the cell body?

Back 154

axon

Front 155

A vertical plane that is parallel to the median plane is called?

Back 155

sagittal

Front 156

A critical incident is MOST accurately defined as?

Back 156

an incident that overwhelms the ability of an EMS worker or system to cope with the experience, either at the scene or later

Front 157

A helicopter landing zone should be:

Back 157

100 feet by 100 feet in size, and on a surface that is firm, level, and free of debris

Front 158

An elderly person is more likely to sustain serious injury following trauma due to:

Back 158

brittle, demineralized bone

Front 159

Following a head-on collision of a motorcycle and a truck, the motorcyclist would MOST likely experience initial injury to the:

Back 159

femurs and tibias

Front 160

Prehospital treatment for a patient who overdosed on aspirin would MOST likely include:

Back 160

sodium bicarbonate

Front 161

Q. What function do the nasal turbinates serve?

Back 161

warming and humidifying inhaled air

Front 162

The history of present illness is MOST accurately defined as:

Back 162

A clear sequence and chronologic account of the patient’s sign and symptoms, that is, what happened and when.

Front 163

There is evidence that a 21-year-old woman was given Rohypnol before being raped. She presents with alcohol on her breath, drowsiness, and memory loss. Her blood pressure is 98/68 mmHg, pulse is 58 beats/min and weak, and her respirations are decreased and shallow. You attempt to administer high-flow oxygen, but she resists. What should you do now?

Back 163

consider administering naloxone in case she was also given a narcotic drug.

Front 164

When analyzing a cardiac rhythm strip in lead II, you should routinely evaluate all of the following components, EXCEPT?

Back 164

S-T segment.

Front 165

When touching a patient as a form of reassurance, the paramedic should?

Back 165

touch the patient on a neutral part of his or her body

Front 166

_________ anatomy is anatomy associated with a particular body region.

Back 166

topographic

Front 167

A 25-year-old woman was involved in a motor vehicle accident in which she struck the rear end of another car at a low rate of speed. When you arrive at the scene and exit the ambulance, you immediately hear the patient screaming, “My baby, my baby!” After calming the patient down, she tells you that she is 10 weeks pregnant and that she is afraid that the car accident injured her child. She confirms that she was properly restrained at the time of impact. She is conscious and alert, denies abdominal pain, and has stable vital signs. She refuses spinal motion restriction precautions, but does consent to EMS transport. You should?

Back 167

administer supplemental oxygen, establish a large-bore IV line and set the rate to keep the vein open, provide emotional support, and transport her to an appropriate hospital.

Front 168

An 82-year-old man presents with confusion that has worsened progressively over the past 2 weeks. Because of his confusion and the fact that he is hearing impaired, you obtain the majority of your medical history information from his daughter. She tells you that her father has high blood pressure but refuses to take medication for it. She also tells you that she thinks he fell about 3 weeks ago, although he denies falling. The patient’s blood pressure is 168/98 mmHg, his pulse rate is 60 beats/min and occasionally irregular, and his respirations are 22 breaths/min and regular. This patient MOST likely:

Back 168

is experiencing a subdural hematoma

Front 169

EMS providers can be MOST effective in helping reduce the incidence of suicide, domestic violence, and child abuse by?

Back 169

noting risk factors at the scene and reporting data

Front 170

From an anatomic and physiologic perspective, inhaled toxins:

Back 170

quickly reach the alveoli and rapidly gain access to the circulatory system.

Front 171

If a level 1 trauma center is 30 miles away, and a level 2 trauma center is 10 miles away, it would be MOST appropriate to transport the patient with a severe traumatic brain injury:

Back 171

via air transport to the level 1 trauma center

Front 172

Q. You are transporting an intubated patient and note that the digital capnometry reading has quicky fallen below 30 mmHg. You should:

Back 172

take immediate measures to confirm proper placement of the ET tube

Front 173

Teething is commonly accompanied by?

Back 173

fever

Front 174

The MOST important initial pieces of equipment to bring to the side of an unconscious patient are the?

Back 174

Defibrillator and airway management equipment.

Front 175

Where would you MOST likely find a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) that provides information about a hazardous material?

Back 175

A permanent manufacturing or storage facility

Front 176

Which of the following questions would be of LEAST pertinence when trying to determine a patient's current health status?

Back 176

“ You will also need to ask about any accidents or injuries the patient had within the last month or so and about any operations or hospitalizations within the last 6 months or so.

Front 177

The major source of energy for all chemical reactions of the body is/are?

Back 177

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Front 178

General principles for backing up an ambulance include:

Back 178

stopping the vehicle if you lose sight of your spotter

Front 179

If a patient is unable to tell you who he or she is, where he or she is, and what day of the week it is?

Back 179

you should suspect decreased blood flow to the brain

Front 180

If a pregnant woman is injured and bleeding severly?

Back 180

blood flow will be diverted away from the uterus

Front 181

If an EMS agency's call volume is too heavy to allow response within an appropriate time frame?

Back 181

mutual aid resources are not legally required to assist

Front 182

In contrast to chronic leukemia, acute leukemia occurs when:

Back 182

bone marrow is replaced with abnormal lymphoblasts.

Front 183

Q. The anterior portion of the palate is formed by the:

Back 183

maxilla and palatine bones

Front 184

The heart hypertrophies with age, MOST likely in response to:

Back 184

a chronically increased afterload caused by arteriosclerotic blood vessels

Front 185

The peak magnitude of the pressure wave experienced by a person:

Back 185

lessens as the person is farther away from the center of the explosion

Front 186

Which of the following questions will allow you to gain insight quickly when performing a check of a patient's body systems?

Back 186

“Has your doctor ever told you that you have a heart, lung or brain problem?”

Front 187

Which of the following statements regarding second-degree heart block is MOST correct?

Back 187

Second-degree heart block occurs when an impulse reaching the AV node is occasionally prevented from proceeding to the ventricles and causing a QRS complex.

Front 188

Movement of a body part away from the midline is called?

Back 188

abduction

Front 189

A patient who ingested a significant amount of ethylene glycol 6 hours ago would MOST likely present with:

Back 189

slurred speech and ataxia

Front 190

If the windshield of a wrecked vehicle is cracked or broken:

Back 190

the front seat occupant has a cervical injury until proven otherwise

Front 191

Infants are referred to as belly breathers because?

Back 191

they rely mostly on their diaphragm to breathe

Front 192

Q. In contrast to the right lung, the left lung:

Back 192

has two lobes

Front 193

Regardless of a paramedic's circadian rhythms, he or she should?

Back 193

not overlook the need for rest

Front 194

Reiter syndrome?

Back 194

is a rare complication associated with untreated Chlamydia and is characterized by arthritis and skin lesions

Front 195

The interaction of two hazardous materials that produces a much greater impact than either chemical alone is called:

Back 195

synergism

Front 196

The mitral valve:

Back 196

is located on the higher-pressure side of the heart.

Front 197

Which of the following statements regarding Alzheimer’s disease is NOT correct?

Back 197

Age alone is thought to be the underlying cause of Alzheimer’s disease

Front 198

Your patient will MOST likely develop a good first impression of you if you:

Back 198

Your appearance should be professional and your demeanor positive and friendly.

Front 199

Which of the following is NOT a type of muscle?

Back 199

stratified

Front 200

A closed, or contained, mass casualty incident is a situation that:

Back 200

is not expected to produce more patients than initially present

Front 201

Adverse drug reactions in elderly people are the result of:

Back 201

changes in drug metabolism due to diminished hepatic function

Front 202

Burnout is a consequence of?

Back 202

chronic, unrelieved stress

Front 203

Crack is a combination of:

Back 203

cocaine, baking soda, and water

Front 204

Q. When placing a dislodged tracheostomy tube, it is MOST important that you:

Back 204

take appropriate BSI precautions

Front 205

Relative to younger adults, older adults generally have a harder time breathing because the?

Back 205

natural elasticity of the lungs decreases

Front 206

The MOST common site of deceleration injury in the chest is the:

Back 206

aorta

Front 207

What is the R-on-T phenomenon?

Back 207

A PVC that occurs when the ventricles are not fully repolarized.

Front 208

Which of the following statements regarding an ectopic pregnancy is MOST correct?

Back 208

in ectopic pregnancy, a fertilized egg implants somewhere other than the uterus

Front 209

Working to ensure a patient's privacy, confidentiality, and comfort level will:

Back 209

Will go a long way toward establishing positive patient rapport and encourage more honest, open communication.

Front 210

What is the movement of a substance against a concentration or gradient such as the cell membrane called?

Back 210

active transport

Front 211

* A paramedic who looks the part of professional?

Back 211

inspires confidence in his or her patients

Front 212

Cardiac dysrhythmias in older people are LESS commonly the result of:

Back 212

poorly controlled anxiety

Front 213

In contrast to a type II ambulance, a type III ambulance:

Back 213

is a specialty van that usually has a modular ambulance body

Front 214

Q. A patient who is coughing up thick pulmonary secretions should NOT take:

Back 214

an antitussive

Front 215

The external female genitalia are collectively reffered to as the?

Back 215

pudendum

Front 216

The paramedic should always address a patient:

Back 216

Ask the patient his/her name and how he/she would like to be addressed.

Front 217

Unlike decoration injuries, crush and compression injuries occur:

Back 217

at the time of impact

Front 218

Which of the following is an example of a protocol?

Back 218

standing orders

Front 219

You receive a call to a residence for a 44-year-old man who is “ill.” The patient, who receives dialysis treatments three times a week, tells you that he has missed his last two treatments because he was not feeling well. As your partner takes the patient’s vital signs, you apply the ECG, which reveals a sinus rhythm with tall T waves. The 12-lead ECG reveals a sinus rhythm with inverted complexes in lead aVR. On the basis of your clinical findings, you should be MOST suspicious that the patient is:

Back 219

hyperkalemic

Front 220

You should be MOST suspicious that a patient has systemic iron toxicity if he or she presents with:

Back 220

hematemesis

Front 221

The term caudad means?

Back 221

lower, towards the feet

Front 222

A classic sign of atrial flutter is:

Back 222

the presence of sawtooth F waves.

Front 223

According to the Haddon matrix, which of the following is an example of a pre-event strategy used to prevent injury in a child who is riding in a motor vehicle?

Back 223

reducing driving during high-risk times

Front 224

Physiologic age-related decreases in skin elasticity are the result of:

Back 224

decreased collagen and elastin production

Front 225

Q. A patient with quiet tachypnea is MOST likely experiencing:

Back 225

shock

Front 226

The headache commonly experienced by a women during their menstrual cycle is caused by?

Back 226

hormonal release

Front 227

The most effective way to reinforce your interest in and concern for your patient is to?

Back 227

use a calm and steady tone of reassurance

Front 228

The primary determinants of the extent of trauma a patient sustains are the:

Back 228

amount of energy in the object and the mechanism by which the object is delivered to the body

Front 229

The toxic chemical in castor beans is:

Back 229

ricin

Front 230

Using casual nicknames can be especially problematic when:

Back 230

Cultural differences exist between you and the patient.

Front 231

You receive a call to a residence in a rural area of your jurisdiction for a patient with an acute COPD exacerbation. Upon arriving at the scene, you knock on the door and identify yourself. The patient, an elderly-sounding man, tells you that you took too long to get to him, and that he has a shotgun. You should:

Back 231

immediately retreat to the ambulance and notify law enforcement

Front 232

When too much water enters a cell and the cell swells and bursts, this process is called?

Back 232

lysis

Front 233

* The ___ reflex happens when an infant is startled and opens his or her arms wide?

Back 233

moro

Front 234

At a minimum, a level 2 trauma center should:

Back 234

be able to initiate definitive care for all injured patients

Front 235

Elderly people are more susceptible to intracranial bleeding because of:

Back 235

enlargement of the subdural space

Front 236

EMS providers who read off a list of questions to the patient to fill in all the blanks on the run report:

Back 236

Tend to make little or no eye contact.

Front 237

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) commonly affects all of the following organs, EXCEPT the?

Back 237

urinary bladder

Front 238

Q. One of the hallmarks of a pulmonary embolism is:

Back 238

cyanosis that does not resolve with oxygen therapy

Front 239

The EMS network begins?

Back 239

with citizen involvement

Front 240

The severity with which a hazardous material interferes with the body’s internal processes is LEAST affected by the:

Back 240

part of the body exposed

Front 241

Vasoconstriction occurs following stimulation of:

Back 241

alpha receptors.

Front 242

Which of the following is NOT a main component of the hematologic system:

Back 242

pancreas

Front 243

Which of the following statements regarding belt noise is MOST correct?

Back 243

it is the squealing sound related to a load on one of the belt-operated appliances.

Front 244

The area located posterior to the partial peritoneum that contains the kidneys is called the?

Back 244

retroperitoneal space

Front 245

Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is MOST commonly used to:

Back 245

facilitate sexual assault

Front 246

Hypotension and orthostatic vital sign changes would MOST likely occur in elderly people who take:

Back 246

diuretics

Front 247

If nonencapsulated bacteria enter the body?

Back 247

macrophages begin to destroy them immediately

Front 248

Q. Neuromuscular blocking agents:

Back 248

convert a breathing patient with a marginal airway into an apneic patient with no airway

Front 249

The MOST effective injury prevention program is one that is?

Back 249

broad and ongoing

Front 250

When applying the precordial leads, lead I should be placed in the:

Back 250

fourth intercostal space at the right sternal border.

Front 251

When summoning an air transport service to transport a critically injured patient, it is MOST important to:

Back 251

activate the service as soon as possible

Front 252

When transferring a geriatric patient from a hospital to an extended care facility, it is MOST important to:

Back 252

Review the patient’s transfer paperwork.

Front 253

Which of the following questions is the MOST important to ask when obtaining a patient’s gynecologic history?

Back 253

“When was your last menstrual period?”

Front 254

A pt has requested to be transported to a specific hospital; however, the hospital does not have the proper resources to meet the patient's needs. You should?

Back 254

determine if there is a more appropriate medical facility within a reasonable distance

Front 255

Anemia would result from all of the following conditions, EXCEPT:

Back 255

an increase in iron

Front 256

Controlling a patient's fear involves?

Back 256

using your own sense of competence and professional calm

Front 257

Q. Several cycles of basic life support maneuvers have failed to relieve a severe airway obstruction in an unconscious 44-year-old woman. You should:

Back 257

perform direct laryngoscopy and attempt to remove the obstruction with Magill forceps

Front 258

Structural protection afforded to a motorcycle rider during a crash comes from:

Back 258

protective gear worn by the rider

Front 259

Systemic effects following exposure to a hazardous material:

Back 259

may be delayed for hours or even years

Front 260

The inferior wall of the left ventricle is supplied by the:

Back 260

right coronary artery.

Front 261

The MOST important thing you can do to facilitate the exchange of information between you and your patient is to:

Back 261

Pay Attention!

Front 262

Therapeutic doses of certain drugs may reach toxic levels in older people due to deterioration of the:

Back 262

liver

Front 263

Which of the following statements regarding the umbilical cord is MOST correct?

Back 263

the umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus

Front 264

You are assigned to a paramedic unit and receive a call to an elderly housing unit for the report of a 76-year-old man who fell. You find the man on the floor of his room, in pain, and you immediately notice that his right foot and knee are pointing outward. You do an assessment and obtain vital signs before calling medical control for an order to give pain medication. Which of the following terms should you use when describing the position of the leg to medical control?

Back 264

externally rotated

Front 265

Aging is a linear process, which means that:

Back 265

the rate at which we lose functions does not increase with age

Front 266

Common signs of left-sided heart failure include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Back 266

hypotension.

Front 267

Mass casualty equipment and supplies needed for airway control include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Back 267

large-bore IV catheters for thoracic decompression

Front 268

Professional skepticism is?

Back 268

a useful tool and facilitates sound clinical decision making

Front 269

Q. End-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) detection is a reliable method for confirming proper ET tube placement because:

Back 269

carbon dioxide is not present in the esophagus

Front 270

The MOST appropriate initial question to ask a patient who complains of chest pain is:

Back 270

Can you describe the pain?

Front 271

What type of injuries would MOST likely occur if a passenger is wearing his or her lap belt above the pelvic bone during a frontal impact?

Back 271

Abdominal and lumbar spine

Front 272

Which of the following interventions generally is preferred for a patient who overdosed on a barbiturate more than 1 hour ago?

Back 272

Activated charcoal

Front 273

Which of the following is NOT a critical point addressed by the "White Paper" written in 1966, that was entitled "Accidental Death and Disability: The Neglected Disease of Modern Society"?

Back 273

ensuring that paramedics responded to every call

Front 274

You are caring for a 44-year-old woman who was sexually assaulted by several men. She is conscious but very quiet. Your partner, a female paramedic, quickly examines her and finds no immediate life threatening injuries. The patient tells you that all she wants to do is go home and take a shower. After multiple attempts to convince the patient to consent to transport, you are unsuccessful. Your MOST appropriate action should be to?

Back 274

ask the patient if there is a friend you can call with whom she can stay.

Front 275

What is the movement of water out of plasma across the capillary membrane into interstitial space called?

Back 275

filtration

Front 276

A metallic taste in the mouth, explosive diarrhea, and a skin rash are MOST indicative of:

Back 276

arsenic poisoning

Front 277

Barotrauma secondary to bag-mask ventilations in an infant means that your ventilations?

Back 277

were too forceful

Front 278

Common signs and symptoms of gardnerella vaginitis include?

Back 278

a “fishy” vaginal odor, itching, irritation, and vaginal discharge

Front 279

In a patient with left heart failure and pulmonary edema:

Back 279

increased pressure in the left atrium and pulmonary veins forces serum out of the pulmonary capillaries and into the alveoli.

Front 280

Patient autonomy is MOST accurately defined as the?

Back 280

patient's right to direct his or her own care and to decide how end-of-life care should be provided

Front 281

Q. When auscultating the lungs of a patient with pulmonary edema, you will MOST likely hear:

Back 281

crackles in the bases of the lungs at the end of inspiration

Front 282

Reflection is a powerful tool for getting a good patient history because:

Back 282

Two reasons: 1) Reflection usually does not break the flow of your patient’s thoughts. It helps you both stay focused. 2 )The information you will obtain is not biased by “leading the patient”.

Front 283

Routine pre-hospital treatment for a patient with internal hemorrhage and shock includes all of the following, EXCEPT:

Back 283

analgesia if the systolic BP is greater than 70 mmHg

Front 284

When transporting one stable and one critical patient in the same ambulance, you should:

Back 284

load the most critical patient last so he or she can be unloaded first.

Front 285

Which of the following statements regarding aging is MOST correct?

Back 285

Health care providers may attribute genuine disease symptoms to age, resulting in inadequate care

Front 286

Which of the following types of epithelium consists of single layer of cells of varying heights?

Back 286

pseudostratified

Front 287

* Hyperkalemia is most accurately defined as?

Back 287

an elevated SERUM potassium level

Front 288

During shock, norepinephrine release causes:

Back 288

the body to shunt blood from areas of lesser need to areas of greater need

Front 289

During your initial assessment of a patient with a hematologic disorder, your priority should be to:

Back 289

note any signs and symptoms that may be immediately life threatening.

Front 290

If a paramedic is self-motivated, he or she should NOT?

Back 290

require maximum supervision at work

Front 291

Postmenopausal women?

Back 291

are more susceptible to atherosclerosis and osteoporosis

Front 292

Q. The ___ are pyramid-like structures that form the posterior attachment of the vocal cords.

Back 292

arytenoid cartilages

Front 293

The objective of dash displacement is to:

Back 293

lift the dash up and move it forward

Front 294

The proper compression-to-ventilation ratio for two-rescuer adult CPR when an oropharyngeal airway is in place is:

Back 294

30:2

Front 295

When a patient tells you that he or she takes a “water pill,” it is MOST important for you to:

Back 295

Clarify what they mean.

Front 296

Which of the following is an extrinsic cause of falls in the elderly?

Back 296

An uneven sidewalk

Front 297

What is the name of the mechanisms within a cell that carry out the functions needed for the human body to function?

Back 297

organelles

Front 298

An acetone breath odor is common following exposure to all of the following toxins, EXCEPT:

Back 298

camphor

Front 299

An empathetic attitude:

Back 299

“Putting yourself in his or her shoes”. Empathy can help you set your patient on a path to healing ~ no matter what the diagnosis.

Front 300

If your only protection from gunfire in a residence is behind a frame wall, you should:

Back 300

stand near the door or window frame, which usually contain more wood than other areas of the wall.

Front 301

In addition to meeting the metabolic needs of the developing fetus, the mother’s blood supply increases significantly in order to perfuse her own organs, especially the?

Back 301

uterus and kidneys

Front 302

Q. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by:

Back 302

changes in pulmonary structure and function that are progressive and irreversible

Front 303

The appropriate dosing regimen for epinephrine in cardiac arrest is:

Back 303

1 mg of a 1:10,000 solution every 3 to 5 min

Front 304

To be credible, an injury prevention intervention?

Back 304

should have quantitatively measured results

Front 305

Typical signs and symptoms of Meniere disease include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Back 305

otorrhea

Front 306

What aggregates in a clump and forms much of the foundation of a blood clot during the process of coagulation:

Back 306

platelets

Front 307

Which of the following psychosocial changes is common during adolescence?

Back 307

fixation on public image and fear of embarrassment

Front 308

The covering of the lungs is called the?

Back 308

visceral pleura

Front 309

During the irreversible (terminal) phase of shock:

Back 309

the body attempts to shunt blood from the liver, kidneys, and lungs to keep the heart and brain perfused

Front 310

HTN is present when the blood pressure:

Back 310

is consistently greater than 140/90 mmHg while at rest.

Front 311

If your department has its own technical rescue team:

Back 311

technical rescue protocols should be established

Front 312

Q. Which of the following findings is MOST clinically significant in a 30-year-old woman with difficulty breathing and a history of asthma?

Back 312

Prior ICU admission for her asthma

Front 313

The effort to rehabilitate a person who has survived an injury is called?

Back 313

tertiary injury prevention

Front 314

The emotional state of craving a drug to maintain a feeling of well-being is defined as:

Back 314

psychological dependence

Front 315

What event occurs during the third stage of labor?

Back 315

placental delivery

Front 316

When asking a patient if he or she uses illegal drugs, you will MOST likely get accurate information if you:

Back 316

Remain professional and nonjudgmental.

Front 317

You arrive at the scene of a bar fight. The scene has been made safe. A police officer meets you and tells you that he believes the victim was stabbed in the neck and the carotid artery may have been hit. Which triangle in the neck was most likely punctured?

Back 317

anterior

Front 318

When assessing an older person, you should remember that it is common for him or her to:

Back 318

respond slowly to questions

Front 319

Which of the following is not an example of an open-ended question?

Back 319

"Does the pain radiate to your arm or jaw?"

Front 320

Movement of an extremity toward the midline is called?

Back 320

adduction

Front 321

After falls, ___ is/are the second leading cause of accidental death among the elderly people.

Back 321

motor vehicle accidents

Front 322

Formed elements of the blood account for approximately ___% of the total blood volume.

Back 322

45%

Front 323

If a patient refuses to give you information, you should:

Back 323

Infer what could be causing the distress and then ask the patient if you are right (i.e, “So, if I understand you correctly...”)

Front 324

If you suspect internal bleeding during the initial assessment, you should:

Back 324

keep the patient warm and administer oxygen

Front 325

In contrast to the lesions associated with other skin disorders, the lesions associated with smallpox:

Back 325

are identical in size and shape

Front 326

Q. Open cricothyrotomy is generally contraindicated in all of the following situations, EXCEPT:

Back 326

any patient who is younger than 16 years of age

Front 327

The MOST common cause of amenorrhea is?

Back 327

pregnancy

Front 328

Which of the following statements regarding protocols is MOST correct?

Back 328

protocols are usually developed in conjunction with national standards

Front 329

You and an EMT-B are performing CPR on an elderly woman in cardiac arrest as your paramedic partner prepares to intubate her. After the patient has been intubated and proper ET tube placement has been confirmed, you should:

Back 329

perform asynchronous CPR while ventilating the patient at a rate of 8 to 10 breaths/min.

Front 330

You will distance yourself from your patient as a person if you?

Back 330

use complicated medical terminology

Front 331

_____ connect(s) muscles to bones?

Back 331

tendons

Front 332

A 39-year-old man in asystole has been unresponsive to CPR and 2 doses of epinephrine. The patient is intubated and an intraosseous catheter is in place. What intervention should you perform next?

Back 332

Administer 1 mg of atropine.

Front 333

Anaerobic metabolism:

Back 333

is less efficient than aerobic metabolism and leads to systemic acidosis

Front 334

Before asking a patient how he or she is feeling, you must FIRST:

Back 334

Ask for facts first, then follow up. Establish a rapport before asking how they are feeling.

Front 335

If a woman’s prepregnancy resting heart rate is 70 bpm, you would expect her heart rate to range between ___ and ___ at term.

Back 335

85, 90

Front 336

Many ___ believe that touching the head may put their soul in jeopardy.

Back 336

Asians

Front 337

Q. Which of the following is NOT a contraindication for nasotracheal intubation?

Back 337

spinal injury

Front 338

The poisonous part of the apricot plant is the ___, which contains:

Back 338

seed, cyanide

Front 339

Which of the following situations would be LEAST likely to require a critical incident stress debriefing (CISD)?

Back 339

death of a 91 yo pt with lung CA

Front 340

Which of the following statements regarding radiation is MOST correct?

Back 340

it is impossible to recognize the type of radiation emitted from a given source

Front 341

You are dispatched to an assisted living center for an 80-year-old woman who is vomiting bright red blood. Upon your arrival, you find the patient sitting in a chair. She is conscious and alert, but is markedly pale and diaphoretic. Her medical history is significant for hypertension, congestive heart failure, type 2 diabetes, hypothyroidism, and osteoarthritis. Her medications include Toprol, lisinopril, Glucophage, Synthroid, and ibuprofen. Her blood pressure is 76/56 mmHg, pulse is 76 beats/min and weak, and respirations are 24 breaths/min and shallow. Which of the following statements regarding this scenario is MOST correct?

Back 341

This patient, who is in shock, probably has a bleeding peptic ulcer secondary to ibuprofen use, and the lack of compensatory tachycardia is likely the result of the beta blocker she is taking.

Front 342

A man is lying on his back with his legs elevated approximately 12 inches and his head down. What is this position called?

Back 342

Trendelenburg's

Front 343

* Which of the following questions would MOST like reveal a hidden medical condition when communicating with a patient who has a severe headache?

Back 343

"What happened the last time you felt this way?"

Front 344

A hypertensive emergency is MOST accurately defined as:

Back 344

An acute elevation in blood pressure with signs of end-organ damage

Front 345

Anemia resulting from an autoimmune disorder occurs when:

Back 345

red blood cells are destroyed by the body’s own antibodies.

Front 346

If you discover that a seemingly ordinary EMS call is actually a hazardous materials incident, you should:

Back 346

immediately notify the dispatcher and request the appropriate resources

Front 347

Q. When administering a nebulized bronchodilator, the oxygen flow rate should be set to at least ___ liters per minute.

Back 347

6

Front 348

The MOST effective way to deal with stress is to?

Back 348

identify the stress triggers and take action to minimize their effects

Front 349

The MOST significant factor that determines how well the body compensates for blood loss is:

Back 349

the period of time over which the blood is lost

Front 350

When examining the placenta, you should suspect fetal anemia if?

Back 350

the maternal side of the placenta is pale

Front 351

Which of the following questions would be MOST appropriate to ask when attempting to determine the quality of a patient's pain?

Back 351

Does the pain come and go, or is it constant?

Front 352

You are called to a residence for a 74-year-old woman who fainted. During your assessment, the patient’s son tells you that he was standing next to his mother when she fainted and that he caught her before she fell to the floor. He further tells you that his mother has angina pectoris and kidney disease. The patient is now conscious but confused. Her blood pressure is 80/50 mmHg, pulse is 110 beats/min and weak, and her respirations are 22 breaths/min and regular. As your partner administers supplemental oxygen to the patient, you should:

Back 352

assess for the presence of a nitroglycerin patch on the patient and remove it if she is wearing one.

Front 353

When caring for any pt, it is important to remember that?

Back 353

your moral standards may conflict with the pts best interests

Front 354

Which of the following statements regarding the use of emergency escorts is MOST correct?

Back 354

Many drivers will only see the first emergency vehicle and assume that it is clear once that vehicle has passed

Front 355

Which of the following factors would MOST likely cause vague or atypical signs of acute myocardial infarction?

Back 355

female sex and diabetes

Front 356

Which of the following statements regarding endometriosis is MOST correct?

Back 356

untreated endometriosis may result in septic shock

Front 357

Widespread dilation of the resistance vessels, capacitance vessels, or both, leads to:

Back 357

distributive shock

Front 358

The bend of the elbow is known as the?

Back 358

antecubital fossa

Front 359

A regular rhythm with inverted P waves before each QRS complex, a ventricular rate of 70 beats/min, narrow QRS complexes, and a P-R interval of 0.16 seconds should be interpreted as a/an:

Back 359

accelerated junctional rhythm.

Front 360

If an individual has A-positive blood:

Back 360

his or her blood contains the Rh antigen

Front 361

It is appropriate to ask, “Would you say the pain is similar to or worse than with previous episodes?” when determining the ¬¬¬___ of a patient's pain.

Back 361

Severity

Front 362

Q. Common clinical findings in patients with obstructive lung disease include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Back 362

a decreased expiratory pause

Front 363

Upper respiratory tract infections are more common in toddlers than in infants because?

Back 363

of a loss of passive immunity

Front 364

* The induction phase of the immune response begins when?

Back 364

part of the immune system recognizes an antigen

Front 365

A third-service EMS system is one in which:

Back 365

a public agency not affiliated with the fire department provides EMS service

Front 366

Aging brings a widespread disease in bone mass, especially:

Back 366

in postmenopausal women

Front 367

During the proliferative phase?

Back 367

estrogen stimulates the endometrium to increase in thickness in preparation for the reception and future growth of a fertilized egg.

Front 368

For the EMS provider, the process of collecting and analyzing data regarding injury prevention begins with?

Back 368

completing a legible PCR

Front 369

Which term describes an imaginary line drawn vertically through the middle portion of the collarbone and parallel to the midline?

Back 369

midclavicular

Front 370

Pharmacologic management for a black widow-spider bite may include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Back 370

sodium bicarbonate

Front 371

Q. The MOST significant complication associated with the use of multilumen airways is:

Back 371

unrecognized displacement of the tube into the esophagus

Front 372

The mnemonic “OPQRST” is a tool that:

Back 372

Offers an easy-to-remember approach to analyzing a patient’s chief complaint that is simple and effective.

Front 373

The preferred antiarrhythmic medication and initial dose for a patient with refractory ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia is:

Back 373

amiodarone, 300 mg.

Front 374

Which of the following conditions would result in obstructive shock?

Back 374

Tension pneumothorax

Front 375

Air ambulances are advantageous for all of the following reasons, EXCEPT:

Back 375

more experience of the flight paramedics

Front 376

During compensated shock:

Back 376

an increase in respiratory rate and depth creates a compensatory respiratory alkalosis to offset the metabolic acidosis

Front 377

Leads V1 to V3 allow you to view ___ wall of the left ventricle.

Back 377

Anteroseptal

Front 378

Q. Which of the following patients has the lowest minute volume?

Back 378

Tidal volume of 350 mL; respiratory rate of 12 breaths/min

Front 379

Untreated depression in people over 65 years of age:

Back 379

is associated with a higher suicide rate than any other age group

Front 380

When documenting the severity of a patient's pain, it is also important to:

Back 380

Note how distressed the patient appears: mild, moderate, or severe.

Front 381

When wearing gloves while taking care of a pt, you should?

Back 381

take them off before you drive the ambulance to the hospital

Front 382

You are dispatched to a residence for a 29-year-old woman with difficulty breathing. The patient was recently diagnosed with leukemia and has just completed her first round of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Upon arriving at the scene, you find the patient sitting in a recliner. Her level of consciousness is markedly diminished and her breathing is shallow. Her husband, obviously frightened, pleads with you to do something. You should FIRST:

Back 382

move her to the floor and open her airway

Front 383

The rotator cuff is also called the?

Back 383

shoulder girdle

Front 384

A patient's vital signs, ECG findings, and blood glucose reading should be?

Back 384

disclosed to the patient if he or she inquires about them

Front 385

A woman who does not take prenatal vitamins during the course of her pregnancy is at GREATEST risk for?

Back 385

anemia

Front 386

A weak radial pulse in a patient with shock indicates:

Back 386

vascular dilation and decreased blood flow

Front 387

Dysmenorrhea that occurs before, during, and after menstrual flow?

Back 387

may signal an underlying illness.

Front 388

If the ECG leads are applied correctly, the PQRST configuration should be inverted in lead:

Back 388

aVR

Front 389

Polypharmacy is MOST accurately defined as:

Back 389

the prescribing of multiple drugs to treat multiple conditions

Front 390

Q. The cricothyroid membrane:

Back 390

is relatively avascular and is covered by skin and minimal subcutaneous tissue

Front 391

Throughout the patient assessment process:

Back 391

Look for nonverbal communication, such as changes in facial expression, heavy sighs, or aggressive gestures (finger pointing)

Front 392

You are caring for a patient with non-life-threatening injuries in the treatment section of a mass casualty incident when you are approached by several TV reporters who are seeking details regarding the incident. You should:

Back 392

direct the reporters to the public information officer

Front 393

You arrive at the scene of a major motor vehicle crash. The pt, a 29 yo man, is in cardiac arrest from a severe head injury and has been receiving bystander CPR for approximately 10 min. A law enforcement official advises you that the pt's driver's license identifies him as an organ donor. You should?

Back 393

begin full resuscitative efforts and transport the patient to a trauma center because certain tissues may be viable for harvesting

Front 394

You would expect a person to be hypertensive and tachycardic following exposure to all of the following, EXCEPT:

Back 394

parathion

Front 395

You would MOST likely see an increased end-tidal CO2 reading in an otherwise healthy older adult because?

Back 395

residual volume increases with age, resulting in stagnant air remaining in the alveoli and hampering gas exchange

Front 396

A solution that has equal osmotic pressure to cells and body fluid, such as normal saline, is said to be?

Back 396

isotonic

Front 397

A woman finds her 50-year-old husband unresponsive on the couch. When you arrive and begin your assessment, the wife tells you that her husband experienced an episode of chest discomfort 2 days prior, but refused to seek medical attention. The patient is unconscious and unresponsive; is breathing with a marked reduction in tidal volume; and has rapid, thready radial pulses. Your partner reports that the patient’s systolic BP is 70 mmHg. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient involves:

Back 397

assisting his ventilations, applying a cardiac monitor, intubating if necessary, auscultating his lungs, transporting at once, establishing vascular access en route, administering a 200-mL crystalloid bolus if his lungs are clear, and considering a dopamine infusion.

Front 398

Abnormal neurologic signs that accompany hypertensive encephalopathy occur when:

Back 398

pressure causes a breach in the blood brain barrier and fluid leaks out, causing an increase in intracranial pressure.

Front 399

For the first year of life, an infant has naturally acquired passive immunities because?

Back 399

he or she maintains some of the mother's immunities

Front 400

If you have a bad cold, it is MOST appropriate to?

Back 400

refrain from pt care

Front 401

Q. The upper airway of an adult consists of all the structures above the:

Back 401

vocal cords

Front 402

When assessing a patient who is under the influence of alcohol, it is MOST important to remember that:

Back 402

Do not assume that all that you are told is completely accurate and keep your best professional attitude as you work with patients you suspect of using drugs or alcohol. Alcohol may mask any number of signs and symptoms.

Front 403

Which of the following changes occurs in the respiratory system of a pregnant woman?

Back 403

minute ventilation increases by as much as 50%, which causes the PaCO2 to drop by about 5%.

Front 404

Which of the following disease processes would MOST likely present with signs and symptoms that mimic those seen with normal aging?

Back 404

hypothyroidism

Front 405

Which of the following statements regarding loading and securing a patient in the back of the ambulance is MOST correct?

Back 405

Whether the patient is lying on the stretcher or sitting on the bench seat, he or she must be properly seat-belted.

Front 406

You are caring for an alcoholic patient who has been abstinent for about two days. The patient is confused, restless, and tells you that he sees snakes crawling on the walls. His blood pressure is 76/52 mmHg, pulse rate is 140 bpm and weak, and respirations are 24 breaths/min with adequate depth. In addition to administering oxygen, you should:

Back 406

treat his hypotension with crystalloid fluid boluses.

Front 407

What is the movement of a solvent from an area of low solute concentration to one of higher concentration through a selectively permeable membrane called?

Back 407

osmosis

Front 408

* An injection of immunoglobulin is an example of?

Back 408

passive acquired immunity

Front 409

A paramedic is considered a health care professional, and as such should?

Back 409

meet societal expectations whether he or she is on or off duty

Front 410

A woman who is taking pentosan polysulfate sodium (Elmiron) MOST likely has?

Back 410

interstitial cystitis

Front 411

An ambulance should be removed from service immediately if you feel or hear:

Back 411

brake fade

Front 412

Atherosclerosis is a process in which:

Back 412

plaque infiltrates the arterial wall, decreasing its elasticity and narrowing its lumen.

Front 413

If you suspect that a patient has been abused, you should:

Back 413

Never hesitate to call for law enforcement personnel.

Front 414

Q. Digital clubbing is MOST indicative of:

Back 414

chronic hypoxia

Front 415

The dieffencachia plant is also referred to as “dumb cane” because:

Back 415

ingestion can result in the patient being unable to speak.

Front 416

The goal of volume replacement for a patient with hemorrhagic shock is to:

Back 416

maintain perfusion without increasing internal or uncontrollable external bleeding

Front 417

You respond to a residence for an unknown emergency involving an 83-year-old man. When you arrive, you find the patient, who is conscious and alert, sitting on his couch with his head held over a bowl. He tells you that his nose starting bleeding about 20 minutes ago and he cannot get it to stop. As your partner assists the patient in controlling the bleeding, you inquire about his medical history. He tells you that he has chronic atrial fibrillation, high blood pressure, and is occasionally depressed. When you ask him about compliance with his medications, he tells you, “I take my medicine every day, but the writing on the bottles is so small.” The patient’s blood pressure is 112/58 mmHg, pulse rate is 88 beats/min and irregular, and respirations are 18 and unlabored. This patient has MOST likely inadvertently:

Back 417

overdosed on his warfarin

Front 418

A 55-year-old man has signs and symptoms consistent with peritonitis. Which of the following symptoms is consistent with this condition?

Back 418

decreased bowel sounds

Front 419

Care for a patient with profound shock begins by:

Back 419

following BSI precautions

Front 420

Considering the physiologic changes that occur with age, which of the following interventions would pose the GREATEST risk for harm when caring for an elderly patient with a severe burn that is complicated by a spinal injury?

Back 420

fluid replacement

Front 421

In the late stage of syphilis?

Back 421

the patient is usually asymptomatic, but damage to the brain, heart, blood vessels, and liver is occurring

Front 422

Older adults are prone to subdural hematomas because?

Back 422

age-related shrinkage of the brain stretches the bridging veins that return blood from the brain to the dura mater

Front 423

Q. A critical step when using a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) unit to treat a patient with severe respiratory distress is:

Back 423

ensuring an adequate mask seal with minimal leakage

Front 424

The bioavailability and excretion rate of a toxin are influenced MOST by the:

Back 424

amount of the toxin and the relative speed at which it is metabolized

Front 425

The husband of a terminally ill woman called 911 because he thinks that his wife is about to die. The pt has a valid living will and an out-of-hospital DNR order. You should?

Back 425

treat the husband and his wife with respect and provide emotional support

Front 426

Which of the following findings would make you the LEAST suspicious for abuse or domestic violence?

Back 426

(Suspicious findings WOULD INCLUDE) injuries inconsistent with the information you are given, or multiple injuries in various stages of healing.

Front 427

While preparing to receive patients at the scene of a hazardous material spill, you see a middle-aged man approaching your ambulance. He is covered with a green liquid, is dyspneic, and states that he “barely got out of there alive!” You should:

Back 427

tell him to stop immediately and inform the incident commander that the patient has not been decontaminated.

Front 428

You are assessing a conscious and alert middle-aged male who complains of chest discomfort and nausea. His blood pressure is 112/70 mmHg, pulse is 90 beats/min and regular, and respirations are 20 breaths/min and regular. The patient’s past medical history is significant for hypothyroidism and hyperlipidemia. His medications include Synthroid, Lipitor, Cialis, and 1 baby aspirin per day. Which of the following medications would you LEAST likely administer?

Back 428

Nitroglycerin

Front 429

Which term describes the palm of the hand facing downward?

Back 429

pronation

Front 430

A patient with a medical condition that requires antiplatelet therapy would MOST likely be taking:

Back 430

Plavix

Front 431

Just after birth, the ductus arteriosus constricts and closes, resulting in?

Back 431

circulation through the pulmonary system

Front 432

Q. Whether you are using the PtL or the Combitube:

Back 432

both devices are inserted blindly into the posterior pharynx

Front 433

When a pt minimizes his or her symptoms by stating, "I'm fine," the paramedic should?

Back 433

find a reliable informant among the pt's family or friends

Front 434

When asking questions pertaining to a patient's sexual history, it is MOST important to remember that:

Back 434

Private setting is essential, also certain factors may inhibit truthful response.

Front 435

When functioning at the scene of a major incident, communication should:

Back 435

be face to face to minimize radio traffic

Front 436

Which of the following central nervous system functions does NOT change as a person ages?

Back 436

intelligence level

Front 437

Which of the following interventions is influenced strongly by the amount of time that has elapsed since a patient ingested a toxic substance?

Back 437

Gastric lavage

Front 438

Which of the following statements regarding hypotension and shock is MOST correct?

Back 438

Hypotension is a classic sign of shock, but it occurs late

Front 439

Which of the following statements regarding the human papillomavirus (HPV) is MOST correct?

Back 439

HPV has been identified as a causative agent in cervical cancer

Front 440

A patient is having trouble breathing and showing signs of a heart attack. The patient is placed on a stretcher, seated, with the back of the stretcher about halfway up. This position is called?

Back 440

semi-Fowler's

Front 441

An increase in maternal cardiac output can cause a benign systolic flow murmur, which results from?

Back 441

hypertrophy of the heart and dilation across the tricuspid valve

Front 442

As multiple myeloma progresses, the patient would MOST likely experience:

Back 442

spontaneous fractures

Front 443

External bleeding would be the LEAST difficult to control in a patient with a large laceration to the ___ and a BP of ___ mmHg.

Back 443

Brachial artery, 68/46

Front 444

If a patient does not respond to a question within a couple of seconds, he or she:

Back 444

May simply be searching for the answer. Trying to decide if he can trust you.

Front 445

If you are at the scene of an incident that potentially involves a weapon of mass destruction and other emergency resources are en route, it is MOST important for you to give the dispatcher information regarding the:

Back 445

optimal route of approach

Front 446

Q. Paradoxical respiratory movement is characterized by:

Back 446

the epigastrium and thorax moving in opposite directions

Front 447

Which term describes the turning of an extremity toward the midline?

Back 447

internal rotation

Front 448

Unlike an idioventricular rhythm, an agonal rhythm:

Back 448

does not produce a palpable pulse.

Front 449

Which of the following disease processes is more common in women?

Back 449

osteoporosis

Front 450

Which of the following is the MOST common respiratory infection that causes death in the elderly population?

Back 450

Pneumococcus bacteria

Front 451

While caring for an 80 yo man with a possible fractured arm, you discover other injury patterns that are suggestive of abuse. The patient is conscious and alert. You should?

Back 451

splint the pt's arm, transport him to the hospital, and report your suspicions to the emergency dept physician

Front 452

The inner layer of the heart is known as the?

Back 452

endocardium

Front 453

* By properly introducing yourself to a patient, you are also saying that?

Back 453

you are in charge of the patient's health care, regardless of the indignities of treatment, and that the patient can communicate with you as an equal

Front 454

A patient who is overly talkative during your assessment:

Back 454

May just be that way, also multiple clinical causes for over talkativeness (eg. fight/flight recovery). May have abused methamphetamines.

Front 455

In contrast to delirium, dementia is:

Back 455

a progressive disease that produces irreversible brain failure

Front 456

Production of clotting factors is a function of the:

Back 456

liver

Front 457

Q. What type of medication dries secretions in the airway and prevents the cilia from removing them effectively?

Back 457

antihistamine

Front 458

The primary function of the treatment section is to:

Back 458

separate and treat patients based on their triage category

Front 459

Which of the following statements regarding toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is MOST correct?

Back 459

patients with TSS may show signs of liver failure

Front 460

With regard to stroke volume, the healthy heart:

Back 460

can easily increase stroke volume by 50%.

Front 461

You are caring for a 66 yo man with terminal CA. He is conscious and alert without evidence of mental incapacitation. You offer him O2, but he refuses to accept it, stating "Just let me die with dignity!" You should?

Back 461

respect the pt's wishes and ask him if he wants to be transported to the hospital

Front 462

You are dispatched to a restaurant for a patient that is choking. Upon arrival, you find the patient, a 30-year-old man, in obvious respiratory distress. His face is flushed and his arms are covered with hives. You are unable to obtain a blood pressure because the patient is restless; however, you are able to palpate his pulse, which is rapid and weak. In addition to ensuring adequate oxygenation and ventilation, the MOST important treatment for this patient involves:

Back 462

administering epinephrine as soon as possible

Front 463

The large area between the lungs is referred to as the?

Back 463

mediastinum

Front 464

After obtaining an elderly patient’s chief complaint, gathering additional information about the history of present illness would MOST likely be complicated because:

Back 464

chronic problems may affect the acute problem

Front 465

An organ or tissue that is considerably colder than 98.6°F is better able to resist damage from hypoperfusion because:

Back 465

the body’s metabolic rate is slower

Front 466

If you were unsure whether a conscious cardiac patient requires immediate transport versus continued assessment at the scene, you should:

Back 466

continue with the focused assessment to obtain more information.

Front 467

Management for a ingested poison focuses mainly on:

Back 467

neutralizing the poison in the stomach

Front 468

Patients between 41 and 60 years of age are LEAST susceptible to?

Back 468

active immunosuppression

Front 469

Q. If you see a soft tissue bulge on either side of the airway when performing nasotracheal intubation:

Back 469

you have probably inserted the tube into the pyriform fossa

Front 470

The MOST common underlying cause of a tubo-ovarian abscess is?

Back 470

gonorrhea

Front 471

The MOST difficult part of any rescue is:

Back 471

the simultaneous coordination of rescue and treatment

Front 472

When dealing with a patient who has multiple complaints, the MOST effective way to develop an appropriate care plan is to:

Back 472

Prioritize the pt complaints.

Front 473

Your unit is the first to arrive at the scene of a traffic accident. Numerous bystanders are surrounding the wrecked vehicle. The driver appears to be unconscious. You should?

Back 473

assess the scene carefully and notify other responding units of any hazards that may be present

Front 474

The appendix is found in which abdominal compartment?

Back 474

right lower quadrant (RLQ)

Front 475

Hemoglobin functions by:

Back 475

binding to oxygen that is absorbed in the lungs and transporting it to the tissues

Front 476

Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) hormone sends signals to the corpus luteum, which in turn?

Back 476

produces hormones designed to support the pregnancy until the placenta has developed

Front 477

If you know common hand signs or slang used by gangs:

Back 477

it would be dangerous for you to use them around gang members because you are not a member of the group

Front 478

In contrast to a 30-year-old man, if a 70-year-old were to consume an excessive amount of alcohol:

Back 478

he will experience a higher blood alcohol concentration due to decreases in body mass and total body water

Front 479

Q. The diaphragm of the stethoscope is designed to auscultate:

Back 479

high-pitched sounds

Front 480

The paramedic must always keep in mind that the information he or she fails to obtain:

Back 480

Could be the info needed to treat the pt.

Front 481

The precordial leads do NOT view the ___ wall of the heart.

Back 481

Inferior

Front 482

The pulse rate of a 16-year-old adolescent typically ranges between?

Back 482

60 and 100 beats/min

Front 483

Which of the following is NOT a reason why EMS providers are in the ideal position to serve as advocates for injury prevention?

Back 483

most EMS systems require their personnel to participate actively in injury prevention programs

Front 484

Which of the following statements regarding sickle cell disease is MOST correct:

Back 484

patients with sickle cell disease become hypoxic because their misshapen red blood cells are poor carriers of oxygen

Front 485

Which of the following is NOT one of the stages of mitosis?

Back 485

nucleophase

Front 486

* In decompensated shock, systolic blood pressure is?

Back 486

less than the fifth percentile for the age

Front 487

Alcohol potentiates Valium. This means that:

Back 487

alcohol enhances the effects of the Valium

Front 488

Failure of the body’s compensatory mechanisms to preserve perfusion results in all of the following, EXCEPT:

Back 488

an increase in preload

Front 489

If you are trained in hazardous materials at the awareness level, you should be able to:

Back 489

recognize potential hazards and the need for additional resources

Front 490

Implied consent is based on the premise that a pt?

Back 490

would consent to care because of the seriousness of his or her injury

Front 491

MOST age-related visual disturbances are the result of:

Back 491

cataracts or glaucoma

Front 492

Potential contraindications to fibrinolysis include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Back 492

significant closed head trauma within the past 3 months.

Front 493

Q. Unlike bronchodilator therapy, corticosteroid therapy:

Back 493

takes a few hours to produce bronchial edema

Front 494

The MOST negative immediate consequence of providing inappropriate reassurance to your patient in the prehospital setting is:

Back 494

Your patient could choose not to share quite as much information as he or she might have under other circumstances, leaving you with less information rather than more.

Front 495

Which of the following conditions poses the LEAST risk for shock due to vaginal bleeding?

Back 495

dysmenorrhea

Front 496

Reputation provides status for individual gang members and is gained by:

Back 496

committing crimes

Front 497

The leading cause of death in the US is?

Back 497

heart disease

Front 498

When a certain level of tissue hypoperfusion is reached:

Back 498

the cells convert to anaerobic metabolism, the byproduct of which is lactic acid

Front 499

When assessing an unresponsive older person’s airway, it is MOST important to remember that:

Back 499

delayed gastric emptying increases the risk of aspiration

Front 500

Which of the following drugs possesses beta-2-specific properties?

Back 500

Proventil

Front 501

Which body plane divides the body into the cephalad and caudad parts?

Back 501

transverse

Front 502

Appropriate care for postpartum bleeding in the prehospital setting includes all of the following, EXCEPT?

Back 502

carefully placing sanitary pads in the vagina

Front 503

Clinical signs and symptoms following exposure to a toxin will manifest MOST rapidly if the patient:

Back 503

breathes in the toxic chemical

Front 504

If a patients family member is hostile and begins shouting at you, you should:

Back 504

Tell the person directly that if he or she continues to shout, you will not feel safe enough to do your assessment and will need to call law enforcement personnel.

Front 505

It would be MOST appropriate to ask a patient a closed-ended question when?

Back 505

you are trying to obtain medical history information

Front 506

Q. Which of the following statements regarding pediatric endotracheal intubation in the prehospital setting is MOST correct?

Back 506

Bag-mask ventilation can be as effective as intubation for EMS systems that have short transport times

Front 507

* The body's rejection of an organ following transplantation is MOST likely the result of?

Back 507

isoimmunity

Front 508

If a hostile family member suddenly leaves the room, especially in the middle of a conversation with him or her, you should:

Back 508

Follow the person, while working to calm him or her and defuse the situation. What you are also doing is making certain the person doesn't get a gun and shoot you,your partner or their spouse.

Front 509

Once you have succeeded in establishing verbal contact with a man who is in the process of being rescued, it is MOST important to:

Back 509

remain in contact with him

Front 510

Part of your therapeutic role as a paramedic includes?

Back 510

maintaining a calm and confident attitude

Front 511

Q. A hyperventilating patient:

Back 511

may be acidotic and is trying to decrease his or her pH level

Front 512

The MOST significant risk associated with the use of fibrinolytic therapy is?

Back 512

Hemorrhage

Front 513

The relatively high use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs by older patients predisposes them to:

Back 513

peptic ulcer disease

Front 514

Which of the following is atypical of an alcoholic:

Back 514

chronically pale face and palms

Front 515

Which of the following statements regarding uterine fundus measurement is MOST correct?

Back 515

measurement of the fundus in centimeters corresponds to the number of gestational weeks

Front 516

You are administering a normal saline bolus to a patient in hypovolemic shock secondary to severe external blood loss. How much saline will remain in the patient’s intravascular space after 20 minutes if you have infused a total of 500 mL?

Back 516

200 mL

Front 517

Your paramedic squad is dispatched to a reported diabetic emergency. Upon arriving at the scene you find a 24-year-old man in what appears to be a progessing case of hypoglycemia that has come on suddenly and appears to be developing rapidly. Which of the following signs do you NOT expect the patient to exhibit?

Back 517

alert & calm demeanor

Front 518

Children are at higher risk for serious injury than adults because of?

Back 518

a proportionately larger head

Front 519

Heat gain or loss in response to environmental changes is delayed in elderly people for all of the following reasons, EXCEPT:

Back 519

chronic hyperthyroidism

Front 520

In pregnancy, magnesium sulfate is used principally for?

Back 520

eclamptic seizures

Front 521

Pulse oximetry will not provide a true assessment of arterial oxygenation in patients with carbon monoxide (CO) toxicity because:

Back 521

the device cannot determine whether CO or oxygen is bound to the hemoglobin.

Front 522

Q. A 76-year-old woman with empyhsema presents with respiratory distress that has worsened progressively over the past two days. She is breathing through pursed lips and has a prolonged expiratory phase and an oxygen saturation on 76%. She is on home oxygen at 2L/min. Your initial action should be to:

Back 522

place her in a position that facilitates breathing

Front 523

When noncolloid solutions are used in the treatment of shock:

Back 523

you should give two to three times the volume of blood lost

Front 524

Which of the following is an example of homeostatic failure?

Back 524

salt and water retention and a blood pressure of 170/98 mmHg

Front 525

Which of the following statements regarding an intoxicated patient is MOST correct?

Back 525

(ALL CORRECT) Taking a good medical history becomes very difficult. Intoxication may mask symptoms, such as pain. With intoxication also comes a decrease in patience.

Front 526

While en route to a motor vehicle accident, the dispatcher advises you that law enforcement is at the scene and reporting that numerous bystanders are suddenly becoming ill. After receiving this information, you should:

Back 526

keep a safe distance from the scene and view it with binoculars

Front 527

You are dispatched to a residence at 4:00 am for an elderly man with shortness of breath. The patient tells you that he was awakened with the feeling that he was smothering. You note traces of dried blood around his mouth. The patient tells you that he has some type of “breathing problem,” for which he uses a prescribed inhaler. Based on the information you have obtained thus far, you should be MOST suspicious for:

Back 527

left-sided heart failure

Front 528

How many bones compose the skeletal system of the frame of the body?

Back 528

206

Front 529

An effective injury prevention program should focus on all of the following data, EXCEPT?

Back 529

current EMS call volumes

Front 530

If a patient refuses to talk, and he or she is not exhibiting signs of decreased mental status, it is MOST appropriate for the paramedic to?

Back 530

advise the patient that his or her silence will only hamper your ability to determine what is wrong

Front 531

In contrast to younger patients, elderly patients:

Back 531

tend not to complain, even when they have legitimate symptoms

Front 532

Most of the blood’s formed elements are:

Back 532

erythrocytes

Front 533

Q. If a patient’s initial presentation makes you suspicious about a particular respiratory condition, you must:

Back 533

confirm your suspicions with a thorough assessment

Front 534

The MOST effective way to obtain a medical history from a patient who is crying is to:

Back 534

Keep a calm demeanor and patient approach; appropriate touch, such as a hand on the shoulder; and a quite, “I’m in control now” tone of voice will help get the crying to stop.

Front 535

What is the MOST correct sequence of treatment for a patient with a suspected acute myocardial infarction?

Back 535

Oxygen, aspirin, nitroglycerin, morphine.

Front 536

When conduction the scene size-up of a call involving a gynecologic emergency, it is MOST important to?

Back 536

assess for danger because any scene should be considered volatile

Front 537

Which of the following factors would have the MOST negative effect on the body’s process of hemostasis?

Back 537

Anticoagulant use

Front 538

You arrive at the scene of a motor vehicle crash in which a small passenger car struck a power pole at a high rate of speed. As you size-up the scene, you can see that the driver is severely entrapped in his car and is screaming in pain. The fire department is en route to the scene with extrication equipment. You should:

Back 538

stay away from the car until the absence of any utility hazards is confirmed

Front 539

The full distance that a joint can be moved is called?

Back 539

range of motion

Front 540

* If a parent insists on monitoring your conversation with his or her adolescent son or daughter, you should?

Back 540

communicate the situation to the emergency department physician and document it accurately

Front 541

Cardiogenic shock would MOST likely develop following:

Back 541

decompensated congestive heart failure

Front 542

Initial signs and symptoms of toxic shock syndrome (TSS) include all of the following, EXCEPT?

Back 542

cardiac dysrhythmias

Front 543

Q. You are attempting to intubate a 5-year-old girl when you note that her heart rate has fallen from 120 beats/min to 80 beats/min. A patent IV line has been established. The MOST appropriate action is to:

Back 543

abort the attempt and ventilate with a bag-mask device and 100% oxygen

Front 544

Signs and symptoms of nerve agent exposure include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Back 544

tachycardia

Front 545

Situational depression is:

Back 545

A reaction to a stressful event in a patient’s life.

Front 546

The attribution of one's own behavior or feelings to others is called?

Back 546

projection

Front 547

The son of a 76-year-old woman called 911 because his mother is “ill.” The patient presents with mild confusion, poor skin turgor, and tachycardia. She is incontinent of urine and asks you for a glass of water. Her son tells you that she had not been feeling well for the past several weeks, but would not allow him to take her to the doctor. Which of the following assessment parameters will MOST likely reinforce your suspicion regarding the underlying cause of this patient’s condition?

Back 547

blood glucose

Front 548

Which of the following actions should NOT occur while CPR is in progress?

Back 548

Cardiac rhythm assessment

Front 549

Which of the following is a sign of severe barbiturate withdrawal?

Back 549

Hallucinations

Front 550

Which term refers to the back?

Back 550

dorsal

Front 551

An infant's fontanelles are typically fused together by the age of?

Back 551

18 months

Front 552

If your patient becomes seductive or makes sexual advances towards you, you should advise the patient that your relationship with him or her is strictly professional and then:

Back 552

Try to keep your partner, law enforcement, or a family member in the room with you at all times.

Front 553

In contrast to stable angina, unstable angina:

Back 553

often awakens the patient from his or her sleep.

Front 554

In the average female, the menstrual cycle lasts ___ days.

Back 554

28

Front 555

Men who have been abused by their female spouses:

Back 555

are often too humiliated to report the incident as it happened

Front 556

Proximate cause is MOST accurately defined as?

Back 556

a link between the paramedic's improper action and the pt's injury

Front 557

Q. ___ breath sounds are the MOST commonly heard breath sounds, and have a much more obvious inspiratory component.

Back 557

vesicular

Front 558

Which of the following bandages is associated with the HIGHEST risk of blood flow compromise?

Back 558

Elastic bandages

Front 559

Which of the following ECG abnormalities is MOST suggestive of cocaine toxicity?

Back 559

Prolongation of the QT interval

Front 560

Which of the following items of information is typically NOT obtained by the dispatcher prior to sending rescue units to the scene?

Back 560

the patient’s medical history

Front 561

Which term describes a body that is resting on its back with the face upward?

Back 561

supine

Front 562

A patient who gives the emergency department physician completely different information than he or she gave to you in the field:

Back 562

Patients may be too frightened or embarrassed to give particular information to a paramedic but will give a physician the information. May have an organic condition such as a brain tumor.

Front 563

Major risk factors for lung cancer include?

Back 563

cigarette smoking and exposure to asbestos

Front 564

Q. A 66-year-old man with chronic bronchitis presents with severe respiratory distress. The patient’s wife tells you that he takes medications for high blood pressure and bronchitis, is on home oxygen threapy, and has recently been taking an over-the-counter antitussive. She further tells you that he has not been compliant with his oxygen therapy. Auscultation of his lungs reveals diffuse rhonchi. What is the MOST likely cause of this patient’s respiratory distress?

Back 564

recent antitussive use

Front 565

Sinus arrest is characterized by:

Back 565

a dropped PQRST complex.

Front 566

The MOST common and reliable sign of pit viper envenomation is:

Back 566

rapidly developing edema around the bite area

Front 567

Which of the following statements regarding documentation is MOST correct?

Back 567

a thorough and accurate medical record is the paramedic's best protection in court

Front 568

Which of the following statements regarding hostage situations is MOST correct?

Back 568

The physiological effects of being held hostage are often of greater concern than physical problems

Front 569

Which of the following wounds usually requires substantial irrigation and debridement prior to closure?

Back 569

Degloving injuries

Front 570

You are dispatched to a grocery store for a woman with severe abdominal pain. When you arrive, you find the patient lying on her side in the manager’s office. She is confused, diaphoretic, and appears to be bleeding from her vagina. Her blood pressure is low, and her pulse and respiratory rates are elevated. You should?

Back 570

apply high-flow oxygen, visually inspect her vagina and cover it with sterile dressings, keep her warm, begin transport, establish at least one large-bore IV en route, and administer enough crystalloid fluid to maintain radial pulses

Front 571

You receive a call to a residence for an “unknown injury.” Upon arrival at the scene, you are greeted at the door by a well-dressed man, who tells you that his 39-year-old wife fell down a small flight of stairs and is in the living room. As you are assessing the patient, you note multiple bruises to the left side of her face and an area of redness to her anterior neck. When her husband leaves the room for a brief period, she states, “Mike’s really a good man, but he does have somewhat of a temper.” You should:

Back 571

continue your assessment as your partner notifies law enforcement

Front 572

You contact medical control and receive an order for 5% dextrose is water (D5W). What type of solution is this?

Back 572

hypotonic

Front 573

* Endothelial cells that line the inside of blood vessels?

Back 573

regulate blood flow and coagulation

Front 574

Changes in cardiac contractility may be induced by medications that have a positive or negative ___ effect.

Back 574

Inotropic

Front 575

Q. The MOST common complication associated with nasotracheal intubation is:

Back 575

bleeding

Front 576

The skin is also referred to as the:

Back 576

integument

Front 577

When arriving at a residence for any EMS call, you should make it a routine habit to:

Back 577

pay attention and listen for loud, threatening voices

Front 578

When caring for a patient who is mentally challenged:

Back 578

You may need to get information from family members, friends, or another caregiver.

Front 579

Which of the following cardiac medications has a small therapeutic window and the GREATEST propensity to reach toxic levels?

Back 579

Digoxin

Front 580

Which of the following injury patterns is MOST suggestive of child abuse?

Back 580

stocking-glove

Front 581

Which of the following was NOT a required component identified by the Emergency Medical Services System Act of 1973?

Back 581

national EMS certification

Front 582

While caring for an unresponsive young woman who was apparently sexually assaulted, you note that her respirations are slow and shallow, her pulse is slow and weak, and her blood pressure is low. There is a small amount of dried blood on her thigh, but no grossly active bleeding. Immediate care for this patient involves?

Back 582

maintaining her airway and providing ventilatory assistance.

Front 583

What is the uptake of solid particles through the cell membrane called?

Back 583

phagocytosis

Front 584

A 56-year-old man presents with an acute onset of chest pressure and diaphoresis. He has a history of hypertension and insulin-dependent diabetes. His airway is patent and his breathing is adequate. You should:

Back 584

administer high-flow oxygen.

Front 585

If a pt makes a decision regarding his or her own health care and the paramedic does not agree with that decision, the paramedic should?

Back 585

respect the pt's wishes, assuming he or she has decision-making capacity

Front 586

In which of the following situations would a transfusion reaction MOST likely occur?

Back 586

A person with type O blood receives type AB blood

Front 587

Q. Uncontrollable coughing and hemoptysis in a cigarette smoker are clinical findings MOST consistent with:

Back 587

lung cancer

Front 588

The position of the human body from which all body position descriptions are derived is called?

Back 588

anatomic position

Front 589

Signs of abuse in a nursing home resident include:

Back 589

undocumented decubitus ulcers

Front 590

The study of the functioning of an organism in the presence of disease is called?

Back 590

pathophysiology

Front 591

When your patient is a non-English-speaking person, his or her child is often able to function as an interpreter because:

Back 591

Children absorb a new language quickly in their school.

Front 592

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the secondary stage of syphilis?

Back 592

single or multiple chancres

Front 593

Which of the following medications would MOST likely interfere with homeostasis?

Back 593

Plavix

Front 594

Which of the following statements regarding a hazardous materials toxicity level is NOT correct?

Back 594

Most ambulances carry protective gear that would be required for dealing with level 2 and above hazardous materials.

Front 595

_______ are tough white bands of tissue that bind joints together, connecting bone and cartilage?

Back 595

ligaments

Front 596

A pathologic Q wave:

Back 596

is wider than 0.04 seconds and is seen in 2 or more contiguous leads.

Front 597

A patient taking ___ would MOST likely experience a delay in the healing of a wound.

Back 597

Corticosteroids

Front 598

A spontaneous abortion?

Back 598

occurs naturally and may or may not have an identifiable cause

Front 599

By definition, infancy begins at?

Back 599

1 month of age

Front 600

Child neglect is MOST accurately defined as:

Back 600

harm or endangerment to a child that occurs when a caregiver fails to provide basic necessities or engages in dangerous child-rearing practices

Front 601

Cyanide blocks the utilization of oxygen at the cellular level by:

Back 601

combining with cytochrome oxidase

Front 602

If a physician insists that you perform an intervention that you are not properly trained to perform, it would be MOST appropriate to?

Back 602

ask the physician if he or she can suggest another alternative

Front 603

If you must break a window to gain access to a patient trapped in his or her vehicle, you should:

Back 603

ensure that the patient and all rescuers are protected properly

Front 604

Q. On either side of the glottis, tissue forms a pocket called the:

Back 604

piriform fossa

Front 605

Which of the following is NOT an effective way of obtaining a medical history from a patient who is totally deaf?

Back 605

The following are effective ways: When addressing a patient who is totally deaf but can read lips, address them face-to-face, slowing your speech slightly so that you are speaking clearly. Use an interpreter who knows ASL. Write out the communication.

Front 606

Small, rod-like organelles that function as the metabolic center of the cell are called?

Back 606

mitochondria

Front 607

A man stormed into a daycare center and opened fire with a semiautomatic rifle. The scene has been secured by law enforcement, and you are in the process of triaging the injured children. The first child you assess, a 4-year-old boy, is unresponsive and apneic but has a pulse. After manually opening his airway, he remains apneic. You should:

Back 607

provide five rescue breaths and reassess his respiratory status

Front 608

All of the following have been identified as potential complications of child maltreatment, EXCEPT:

Back 608

criminal behavior beginning in late adulthood

Front 609

Atrial fibrillation can be interpreted by noting:

Back 609

an irregularly irregular rhythm and absent P waves.

Front 610

Enlargement of the heart due to chronically elevated blood pressure is called?

Back 610

hypertrophy

Front 611

Objective patient information is:

Back 611

Objective (based on fact or observable) information is obtained from a pt about his or her overall state of health

Front 612

Q. Which of the following statements regarding anatomic dead space is MOST correct?

Back 612

anatomic dead space is about 1 mL per pound of body weight.

Front 613

Uterine rupture MOST commonly occurs?

Back 613

during active labor

Front 614

When caring for a confused elderly patient, it is MOST important for the paramedic to?

Back 614

explain what he or she is doing at all times

Front 615

Which of the following statements regarding the black widow spider is MOST correct?

Back 615

Following a black widow spider bite, the patient’s abdomen is often rigid due to severe muscle spasms

Front 616

You are the first unit to arrive at the scene of a small building collapse. As you exit the ambulance, you can see a man pinned under a large metal beam. You should:

Back 616

immediately request a special rescue team

Front 617

A motor vehicle accident has resulted in a patient with a traumatic head injury. Upon arrival at the hospital you are informed that the patient has an epidural hemorrhage. Where is the bleeding occuring?

Back 617

outer layer of the dura

Front 618

___ entails gently striking the surface of the body, typically where it overlies various body cavities.

Back 618

Percussion

Front 619

A patient with nerve compromise following an open injury to the hand:

Back 619

requires prompt transport to the hospital

Front 620

In contrast to endometritis, endometriosis?

Back 620

may present without abdominal pain

Front 621

In contrast to sexual assault, rape:

Back 621

involves penile penetration of the genitalia without the victim’s consent

Front 622

It is important to remember that if a patient is not personally sensitive to modesty because of an impaired mental state:

Back 622

the patient's family likely will be

Front 623

Q. After inserting the needle into through the cricothyroid membrane, you should next:

Back 623

insert the needle about 1 cm farther and then aspirate with a syringe.

Front 624

The hematocrit is the:

Back 624

overall percentage of red blood cells in the blood

Front 625

The paramedic's #1 priority is to?

Back 625

be prepared to respond to and treat injuries that inevitable will occur

Front 626

The S1 heart sounds represent:

Back 626

Closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves.

Front 627

Upon arriving at a scene in which the incident command system has already been established, you should:

Back 627

locate the medical staging officer to receive your assignment

Front 628

If a mortally injured patient's wishes regarding organ donation are not know?

Back 628

consent must be obtained from a family member

Front 629

Other than overall patient appearance, the patient's ___ is/are the MOST objective data for determining his or her status.

Back 629

Vital signs

Front 630

Q. It would be appropriate to insert a nasopharyngeal airway in patients who:

Back 630

have an altered mental status with an intact gag relfex

Front 631

The FIRST aspect to address in any patient with a soft-tissue injury is:

Back 631

your safety

Front 632

Unlike bacteria, viruses?

Back 632

do not produce exotoxins or endotoxins

Front 633

Which of the following statements regarding idioventricular rhythm is MOST correct?

Back 633

Most patients with an idioventricular rhythm are hemodynamically unstable.

Front 634

Your index of suspicion for elder abuse should increase if:

Back 634

a mentally competent patient allows the caregiver to respond to your questions

Front 635

Which term means "toward the head"?

Back 635

cephalad

Front 636

A spontaneous abortion?

Back 636

occurs naturally and may or may not have an identifiable cause

Front 637

Command functions include all of the following, EXCEPT the:

Back 637

triage officer

Front 638

During the second stage of disseminated intravascular coagulopathy:

Back 638

decreased clotting factors cause uncontrolled hemorrhage

Front 639

A 25-year-old woman presents with acute abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding. She tells you that she has soaked 8 high-absorbency tampons in the past 2 hours. Approximately how much blood has she lost externally?

Back 639

160 mL

Front 640

Inadvertent lithium toxicity would MOST likely occur in a patient who is taking:

Back 640

a tricyclic antidepressant

Front 641

Lactated Ringer's is a/an ___ solution because its solute concentration is equal to that of the inside of the cell.

Back 641

isotonic

Front 642

Necrosis of tissue caused by an anaerobic, toxin-producing bacterium is called:

Back 642

gangrene

Front 643

Q. When nasally intubating a patient, the ET tube is advanced:

Back 643

when the patient inhales

Front 644

Safe practices when parking your emergency vehicle on a roadway at night include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Back 644

leaving the headlights on

Front 645

The firing of an artificial ventricular pacemaker causes:

Back 645

a vertical spike followed by a wide QRS complex.

Front 646

The residual pressure in the circulatory system while the left ventricle is relaxing is called the:

Back 646

Diastolic pressure

Front 647

The surrogate decision maker?

Back 647

is legally obligated to make decisions as the patient would want

Front 648

Which of the following caregiver characteristics is LEAST suggestive of abusive behavior?

Back 648

underreaction to child misbehavior

Front 649

When placing a patient on a long board for spinal immobilization, what body surface of the patient is in contact with the board?

Back 649

posterior

Front 650

An immature egg is called a/an?

Back 650

oocyte

Front 651

Because extrication and rescue are medically complex:

Back 651

the officers responsible for these functions usually function under the EMS branch of the incident command system

Front 652

Blood pressure is the product of:

Back 652

Cardiac output & peripheral vascular resistance, so it includes two components: systolic and diastolic pressure

Front 653

During the inflammation phase of the healing process:

Back 653

histamine causes vasodilation and increased blood flow to the injury

Front 654

If you want reliable answers to personal questions, you should?

Back 654

manage the scene so you can ask such questions quietly and privately

Front 655

Q. Pneumonitis is especially common in older patients with:

Back 655

chronic food aspiration

Front 656

The deliberate withholding of medicine, food, or assistance with mobility is called?

Back 656

active neglect

Front 657

The MOST immediate forms of reperfusion therapy for an injured myocardium are:

Back 657

fibrinolytics and placement of a coronary stent.

Front 658

Which of the following scenarios reflects a violation of the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA)?

Back 658

a hospital transfers an unstable patient to another facility

Front 659

You would expect a person’s hematocrit to be low if he or she:

Back 659

is hemorrhaging

Front 660

You have treated a motorcyclist for a right tibia/fibula fracture. The deformity is below the knee. When making the radio report to the hospital, which of the following terms most correctly describes the location of the injury?

Back 660

distal to the knee

Front 661

* Dehydration is generally a more serious concern in elderly patients than in younger adults because?

Back 661

total body water constitutes only 45% of body weight in older people

Front 662

A paramedic's actions are considered to be grossly negligent if he or she?

Back 662

willfully or wantonly deviates from the standard of care

Front 663

An unresponsive, pulseless, apneic patient presents with ventricular tachycardia on the cardiac monitor. After defibrillating the patient with 360 joules, you should:

Back 663

resume CPR and reassess the patient after 2 minutes.

Front 664

Bruises to a child’s ___ are LEAST suggestive of an intentionally inflicted injury.

Back 664

shins

Front 665

Common signs and symptoms of lymphoma include:

Back 665

night sweats and chills

Front 666

How should you position your ambulance upon arriving at the scene of a victim who was found slumped over the steering wheel of his car?

Back 666

At least 15 feet behind the parked vehicle, at a 10 degree angle to the drivers side, facing the shoulder

Front 667

Motor vehicle trauma accounts for nearly 70% of trauma in pregnancy?

Back 667

but only about 20% of maternal deaths

Front 668

Q. The external jugular veins run ___ and are located ___ to the cricothyroid membrane.

Back 668

vertically; lateral

Front 669

To obtain a heart rate in infants younger than 1 year of age, you should:

Back 669

Palpate the brachial artery to assess the pulse

Front 670

When caring for an amputated body part:

Back 670

early notification of the hospital is important

Front 671

Maintenance of a relatively stable internal physiologic environment in which the cells live is called?

Back 671

homeostasis

Front 672

A conscious patient's respiratory rate should be measured:

Back 672

By inspection of the patient’s chest, but respiratory movements can also be assessed by visualizing portions of the abdominal wall, neck, face, and overall accessory muscle use.

Front 673

A pulse that alternates in strength from one beat to the next beat is called:

Back 673

pulsus alternans

Front 674

A sick or injured patient who is thinking clearly?

Back 674

should be able to answer simple questions that make sense within 1 second

Front 675

All of the following are functions of the skin, EXCEPT:

Back 675

providing the immune system response for the body

Front 676

In contrast to endometritis, endometriosis?

Back 676

may present without abdominal pain

Front 677

Q. Surfactant is:

Back 677

a proteinaceous substance that decreases surface tension on the alveolar walls

Front 678

The primary site for cell production in the human body is the:

Back 678

bone marrow

Front 679

When approaching a van at night to determine if the driver, who is reportedly unconscious, is in need of medical assistance, you should:

Back 679

move 10 to 15 feet away from the passenger side and walk parallel to the van

Front 680

Which of the following statements regarding the initiation of resuscitative efforts on an infant with sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is MOST correct?

Back 680

initiating resuscitative efforts on the infant may not be ethically appropriate and may cause the family additional suffering

Front 681

You are assessing a 79-year-old man who presents with an altered mental status. The patient’s 50-year-old son, who lives with the patient, tells you that his father’s present condition is “normal for him.” Your assessment of the patient reveals a large hematoma to the back of his head and numerous skin tears to his arms. You should:

Back 681

assess the patient and correct any immediately life-threatening conditions

Front 682

You respond to a patient who was reported to have been seizing and who is now postictal. No trauma is suspected. You place the patient in the ________ position, which will allow for fluids to drain from the mouth.

Back 682

recovery

Front 683

Because of the physical and psychological injuries that abused children experience:

Back 683

they may become abusive or neglectful caregivers as adults

Front 684

In general, normal psychosocial factors that affect the life of the 35-year-old person include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Back 684

anxiety

Front 685

Indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma:

Back 685

may never spread from the lymphoid system

Front 686

Mild effects of cyanide exposure:

Back 686

generally resolve by simply removing the victim from the environment and administering oxygen

Front 687

Q. With regards to pulse oximetry, the more hypoxic a patient becomes:

Back 687

the faster he or she will desaturate

Front 688

The initial dose of atropine sulfate for a patient in asystole is:

Back 688

1.0 mg

Front 689

When a dying person enters the acceptance stage?

Back 689

it is often the family that is in need of the most help

Front 690

When a patient’s leg is entrapped under a crushing object for a prolonged period of time, toxic metabolic waste products are released into the systemic circulation:

Back 690

after the patient’s leg is freed from entrapment

Front 691

When using a tympanic device to obtain a patient's body temperature, you should:

Back 691

Be aware of extrinsic factors that may increase or decrease the temperature reading.

Front 692

You are caring for a young woman with constant, diffuse abdominal pain, referred pain to both shoulders, and vaginal bleeding. She states that her last menstrual period was 2 months ago, but she adamantly denies being pregnant. Her blood pressure is 86/50 mmHg, pulse rate is 120 beats/min and weak, and respirations are 24 breaths/min and regular. Which of the following interventions is NOT appropriate for this patient?

Back 692

narcotic analgesia

Front 693

The viscous material that supports all internal cellular structures is called?

Back 693

protoplasm

Front 694

* As the smooth muscles of the lower airway weaken with age:

Back 694

beta-agonistic bronchodilators become an ineffective treatment for acute bronchospasm

Front 695

People who abuse their partner or spouse:

Back 695

may use intimidation and threats to maintain control

Front 696

Q. The pulse oximeter would be LEAST useful when:

Back 696

determining how much oxygen to give a patient

Front 697

The skin helps regulate body temperature through:

Back 697

the production of sweat, which is evaporated from the surface of the skin

Front 698

What do tabun, sarin, soman, and V agent all have in common?

Back 698

The onset of symptoms following exposure is immediate

Front 699

Which of the following drugs is contraindicated in patients with bronchospastic diease?

Back 699

Labetalol

Front 700

Which of the following factors would likely NOT skew a pulse oximetry reading?

Back 700

(ARE LIKELY) hypotensive or cold patient, carbon monoxide poisoning, abnormal hemoglobin (ie, sickle-cell disease), vascular dyes, patient motion, and incorrect placement. (WOULD NOT) hypertension

Front 701

Which of the following is NOT a typical question to answer when evaluating and interpreting research?

Back 701

will the research study be published in a notable journal?

Front 702

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the secondary stage of syphilis?

Back 702

single or multiple chancres

Front 703

Which of the following questions often yields the LEAST reliable answer when questioning a patient who intentionally exposed himself or herself to a toxic substance?

Back 703

Why did you take the substance?

Front 704

Your ambulance is dispatched to a 6-month-old patient who is reported to have been sick for two days with diarrhea and vomiting. After performing the assessment you suspect dehydration. One of the signs you should check is the head, where you would expect to find what landmark sunken?

Back 704

fontanelle

Front 705

Organelles that contain RNA and protein that interact with RNA from other parts of the cells to join amino acids together to form proteins are called?

Back 705

ribosomes

Front 706

Abused elders generally do not seek help for all of the following reasons, EXCEPT:

Back 706

disorders such as Parkinson’s disease

Front 707

An appropriate sized blood cuff should:

Back 707

The cuff should be one half to two thirds the size of the upper arm.

Front 708

Cardiac arrest following a narcotic overdose is usually the result of:

Back 708

respiratory arrest

Front 709

Compared to the bleeding from an open wound, bleeding from a closed wound:

Back 709

is limited because the skin is unbroken

Front 710

During the acute inflammatory response:

Back 710

transient arteriolar constriction is followed by anteriolar dilation, which allows an influx of blood under increased pressure

Front 711

Law enforcement request that you respond to a local apartment complex for a young woman who was sexually assaulted. When you arrive at the scene, you find the patient sitting on her couch, clearly upset. You see a small amount of blood on her shorts, near the groin area. What is your initial priority in the care of this patient?

Back 711

identifying and treating immediate life threats

Front 712

Patients experiencing a right ventricular infarction:

Back 712

may present with hypotension

Front 713

Patterns of living that you develop in your youth?

Back 713

are hard to modify in later life

Front 714

Q. You would MOST likely observe a grossly low respiratory rate and volume in a patient who overdosed on:

Back 714

heroin

Front 715

Upon arriving at the scene of a patient who is reportedly unconscious in his or her parked vehicle, you should:

Back 715

notify the dispatcher of your location and the number and state of the vehicle’s license plate

Front 716

The motion associated with the return of a body part from a flexed position is called?

Back 716

extension

Front 717

A 25-year-old woman presents with acute abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding. She tells you that she has soaked 8 high-absorbency tampons in the past 2 hours. Approximately how much blood has she lost externally?

Back 717

160 mL

Front 718

A regular cardiac rhythm with a rate of 104 beats/min, upright P waves, a P-R interval of 0.14 seconds, and a narrow QRS complexes should be interpreted as:

Back 718

sinus tachycardia

Front 719

A wound is at HIGHEST risk for infection if:

Back 719

it is caused by a human or animal bite

Front 720

Abdominal pain that is associated with polycythemia is usually associated with:

Back 720

an enlarged spleen

Front 721

At a very large incident, the operations section is responsible for:

Back 721

managing the tactical operations job usually handled by the incident commander on route EMS calls

Front 722

If the receiving facility does not have adequate resources to take care of your patient, you should next determine whether?

Back 722

there is an appropriate facility within a reasonable distance

Front 723

Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus:

Back 723

need exogenous insulin to survive

Front 724

Q. Abnormal breath sounds associated with pneumonia and congestive heart failure are MOST often heard in the:

Back 724

bases of the lungs

Front 725

Which of the following statements regarding the reporting of suspected child abuse is MOST correct?

Back 725

in most states, the paramedic is a mandated reporter in cases of child abuse and neglect

Front 726

Which of the following statements regarding your general survey of the patient is MOST correct?

Back 726

(ALL CORRECT). The general survey begins as you approach the scene, simultaneously sizing up the situation and the patients overall presentation. A quick look at the environment and the general appearance of the patient provides a substantial amount of info before you ask the first question. The expression “sick or not sick” sums up the approach.

Front 727

Which of the following is NOT a type of tissue?

Back 727

squamous

Front 728

A patient who overdosed on heroin and is unconscious with slow, shallow respirations would MOST likely experience?

Back 728

decreased PaCO2 levels

Front 729

An attack on an abortion clinic would MOST likely be carried out by a/an:

Back 729

single-issue group

Front 730

If a woman who is 35 weeks pregnant is placed in supine position?

Back 730

atrial preload may be reduced markedly

Front 731

Q. Once you have confirmed that the lighted stylet-ET tube comination has entered the trachea, you should:

Back 731

hold the stylet in place and advance the tube about 2 to 4 cm into the trachea.

Front 732

Regulatory functions of blood include:

Back 732

transporting hormones to their target organs

Front 733

Signs and symptoms of compartment syndrome include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Back 733

erythema

Front 734

The BEST indicator of possible child abuse is:

Back 734

evidence gathered from a thorough physical exam and case history

Front 735

The skin becomes ___ when red blood cell perfusion to the capillary beds of the skin is poor.

Back 735

Pallor

Front 736

Which of the following statements MOST accurately describes an acute myocardial infarction (AMI)?

Back 736

Necrosis of a portion of the myocardium due to a prolonged lack of oxygen

Front 737

While attempting to resuscitate a middle-aged woman in cardiac arrest, you perform effective CPR, but do not evaluate the pt's cardiac rhythm until 10 min into the resuscitation attempt. When the cardiac monitor is finally applied, the pt is in asystole. The pt is transported, but is pronounced dead upon arrival at the hospital. Which of the following statements regarding this scenario is MOST correct?

Back 737

the delay in evaluating the pt's cardiac rhythm constitutes a breach of duty and could be proven to be the proximate cause of her death

Front 738

What is the shiny connective tissue that is lubricated by synovial fluid?

Back 738

cartilage

Front 739

* The cardinal sign of overhydration is?

Back 739

edema

Front 740

A patient who does not respond to verbal or tactile stimuli is:

Back 740

Classified as U or Unresponsive

Front 741

After you have safely approached a parked vehicle and are ready to alert the apparently ill driver of your presence, you should:

Back 741

do so without moving past the B column into the driver’s door area

Front 742

During your assessment of a 7-year-old boy with a fractured arm, you note that the child has a flat affect and will not tell you how the injury occurred. The child’s father, who is in the same room, is clearly apprehensive and rudely interrupts you when you question the child by stating, “I’ll answer for my own kid; he can’t tell you what happened!” You should:

Back 742

continue your assessment as your partner discreetly returns to the ambulance to notify law enforcement

Front 743

Injury to or disease of the ___ may cause prolapse of a cardiac valve leaflet, allowing blood to regurgitate from the ventricle into the atrium.

Back 743

Cordae tendineae

Front 744

Q. Compared with an onen cricothyrotomy, needle cricothyrotomy:

Back 744

allows for subsequent attempts to intubate the patient

Front 745

Spray paints and lacquer thinner contain ___, and typically cause ___ when they are inhaled recreationally.

Back 745

Toluene, hallucinations and mania

Front 746

The leading cause of death from injury is?

Back 746

unintentional MVC's

Front 747

The MOST significant immediate threat to a patient with a soft-tissue injury is:

Back 747

hemorrhage

Front 748

Uterine rupture MOST commonly occurs?

Back 748

during active labor

Front 749

What are the specialized tough cords or bands of dense white connective tissue that are continous with the periosteum?

Back 749

tendon

Front 750

A beta-blocking drug would counteract all of the following medications, EXCEPT:

Back 750

atropine

Front 751

A discipline within ethics that discusses and debates the health care of human beings is called?

Back 751

bioethics

Front 752

A patient with thrombocytopenia:

Back 752

has a decreased platelet count

Front 753

Flushed skin is commonly seen as a result of all the following, EXCEPT:

Back 753

SIGNS INCLUDE: Patient’s with fever, and it may be seen in patients experiencing an allergic reaction.

Front 754

In addition to bleeding and contamination, the MOST immediate danger associated with an avulsion is:

Back 754

a loss of blood supply to the avulsed flap

Front 755

Law enforcement requests your assistance to assess a 33-year-old woman who was sexually assaulted. When you arrive at the scene, you find the patient sitting on the curb outside her apartment complex. She is conscious and crying, but does not have any gross injuries. When you begin to assess her, she tells you that all she wants to do is go home and clean herself up. She further tells you that she does not need your help. You should:

Back 755

remain empathetic and advise the patient that she needs medical care, and that cleaning herself up may destroy any potential evidence.

Front 756

Q. Which of the following medications is a parasympathetic bronchodilator?

Back 756

Ipratropium

Front 757

Triage and emergency medical treatment should be performed:

Back 757

in the cold zone

Front 758

Which of the following factors typically does NOT affect the vital signs for a 65-year-old patient?

Back 758

living conditions

Front 759

You are dispatched to a residence for a 34-year-old woman who is “sick.” Upon your arrival, the patient greets you at the door. She states that she recently had her menstrual period, which was accompanied by more pain than usual. Her vital signs are stable, she is conscious and alert, and denies vaginal bleeding or fever. This patient MOST likely has?

Back 759

a ruptured ovarian cyst

Front 760

The presence of dizziness in a patient with a suspected myocardial infarction is MOST likely the result of:

Back 760

a reduction in cardiac output

Front 761

The use of wet dressings in the field is limited because:

Back 761

they provide a medium for pathogens to grow

Front 762

When approaching an overturned tanker truck that is not displaying a warning placard, it is MOST important for the paramedic to maintain a high index of suspicion because:

Back 762

tankers carrying small amounts of a hazardous material may not be required by law to display a warning placard

Front 763

You are assessing an injured 9-year-old girl. The child’s father, who appears to be intoxicated, is sitting on the couch and does not seem concerned about his daughter’s injury. When asked when the injury occurred, the father tells you, “I can’t remember, but it’s been at least a few hours ago.” You should:

Back 763

elicit your partner’s help and conduct a thorough assessment of the child

Front 764

You receive a call to a residence for a patient who is “sick.” Upon arriving at the scene, you find the patient, a 39-year-old woman, lying on the couch with a wet washcloth on her forehead. She is conscious and alert, and tells you that she has had several episodes of diarrhea and noticed bright red blood in her stool. Her pulse rate is rapid and weak, her skin is cool and clammy, and her blood pressure is 98/58 mmHg. Her medical history is significant for hemophilia, for which she is receiving factor VIII therapy. As you pull out a nonrebreathing mask, she tells you that her husband will be home in a few hours, and that he will take her to the hospital. You should:

Back 764

advise her that her condition dictates immediate transport to the hospital and that delaying transport could result in deathTre

Front 765

Strains can be classified with regard to degree of damage. Whate grade is assigned to a strain with minimal damage and no swelling or bruisng?

Back 765

I

Front 766

* All of the following factors would cause potassium to shift into the cell, EXCEPT:

Back 766

increased vagal tone

Front 767

From an injury prevention standpoint, the term "intervention" is defined as?

Back 767

specific prevention measures or activites designed to increase positive health and safety outcomes

Front 768

Motor vehicle trauma accounts for nearly 70% of trauma in pregnancy?

Back 768

but only about 20% of maternal deaths

Front 769

Poor skin turgor in an infant or child is MOST indicative of:

Back 769

Dehydration

Front 770

Q. The MOST clinically significant finding when questioning a patient with a chronic respiratory disease is:

Back 770

prior intubation for the same problem

Front 771

Changes in hair growth or loss of hair are LEAST suggestive of:

Back 771

An underlying endocrine disorder, such as diabetes, or may result from treatment modalities for disease processes (eg, chemotherapy or radiation treatment of cancer). (least suggestive of) an infection

Front 772

If a patient avoids answering a specific question, you should?

Back 772

redirect him or her to the question to elicit a response

Front 773

If a pt experiences prolonged hypotension or requires prolonged CPR, his or her ___ would be inappropriate for organ or tissue donation.

Back 773

liver

Front 774

If a young female with a known history of gonorrhea presents with abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, and bleeding between periods?

Back 774

she most likely has pelvic inflammatory disease

Front 775

In most cases of child sexual abuse:

Back 775

the abuser knows the child and may be living with him or her

Front 776

Q. A 21-year-old man experienced an acute onset of pleuritic chest pain and dyspnea while playing softball. He is noticeably dyspneic, has an oxygen saturation of 95% on room air, and diminished breath sounds to the upper right lobe. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient involves:

Back 776

administering high flow supplemental oxygen and transporting at once.

Front 777

The area of conduction tissue in which electrical activity arises at any given time is called the?

Back 777

Pacemaker

Front 778

Treatment for cyanide poisoning includes all of the following, EXCEPT:

Back 778

calcium gluconate

Front 779

You are at the scene of a drive-by shooting in which a 15-year-old man was shot in the chest. Law enforcement personnel are at the scene. The patient is conscious, has an actively bleeding entry wound to his left anterolateral chest, and is breathing with difficulty. You should:

Back 779

provide only the amount of care needed to prevent his condition from deteriorating and quickly move him to the ambulance.

Front 780

You are dispatched to a residence for a man who cut his hand with a chainsaw. Upon arriving at the scene, your first action should be to:

Back 780

carefully assess the scene for safety hazards

Front 781

Sprains can be classified with regard to degree of damage. What grade is assigned to a sprain with complete disruption of the ligament along with severe swelling and bruising?

Back 781

III

Front 782

A young man is found unresponsive by his girlfriend. Your assessment reveals marked respiratory depression, a slow, weak pulse, and pinpoint pupils. There are numerous medication bottles found in his home. Of these, he has MOST likely ingested:

Back 782

Percodan

Front 783

Law enforcement request that you respond to a local apartment complex for a young woman who was sexually assaulted. When you arrive at the scene, you find the patient sitting on her couch, clearly upset. You see a small amount of blood on her shorts, near the groin area. What is your initial priority in the care of this patient?

Back 783

identifying and treating immediate life threats

Front 784

Patients with decision-making capacity?

Back 784

have the right to refuse all or part of the emergency medical care offered to them

Front 785

Q. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in the emergency setting is used to treat patients with certain obstructive airway diseases by:

Back 785

improving patency of the lower airway through the use of positive-end expiratory pressure.

Front 786

The brief pause between the P wave and QRS complex represents:

Back 786

A momentary conduction delay at the AV junction.

Front 787

The pulse of the superficial temporal artery can be felt:

Back 787

Just anterior to the ear in the temporal region.

Front 788

What level of personal protective equipment is typically worn by the hazardous materials decontamination team in the warm zone?

Back 788

Level B

Front 789

When assessing an older adult's pupils and ocular movements, you should recall that?

Back 789

it is not uncommon for lens deterioration to cause the pupils to be sluggish to react

Front 790

Which of the following interventions encourages drainage from the site of a closed wound and reduces swelling?

Back 790

Elevation

Front 791

Which of the following is NOT consistent with the profile of a person who abuses elders?

Back 791

younger than 50 years of age

Front 792

What are cells that produce bone tissue called?

Back 792

osteoblasts

Front 793

* Common signs and symptoms of ulcerative colitis include all of the following, EXCEPT?

Back 793

bloating after milk ingestion

Front 794

Bones are classified according to their shape. Which of the following is NOT one of these classificiations?

Back 794

articulated

Front 795

A child has probably NOT been abused if he or she:

Back 795

looks to the parent for reassurance after being injured

Front 796

A major complication associated with atrial fibrillation is:

Back 796

clot formation in the fibrillating atria.

Front 797

EMS protocol development, training methodologies, and equipment use decisions are based mainly on?

Back 797

research

Front 798

Examination of the head is MOST important when assessing a patient who:

Back 798

Is a trauma patient or a patient with altered mental status or are unresponsive.

Front 799

If a woman who is 35 weeks pregnant is placed in supine position?

Back 799

atrial preload may be reduced markedly

Front 800

Q. While transporting an intubated 8-year-old boy, he suddenly jerks his head and becomes cyanotic shortly thereafter. His oxygen saturation and capnometry readings are both falling, and he is becoming bradycardic. You attempt to auscultate breath sounds, but are unable to hear because of the drone of the engine. What has MOST likely happened?

Back 800

inadvertent extubation

Front 801

Severe salicylate toxicity produces:

Back 801

metabolic acidosis

Front 802

When checking the ambulance engine, the odor of sewer gas:

Back 802

indicates that the acid in the battery has boiled

Front 803

Which of the following statements regarding compartment syndrome is MOST correct?

Back 803

Compartment syndrome is more likely to occur with closed injuries

Front 804

The growth plate of a bone is also referred to as the _______ plate.

Back 804

epiphyseal

Front 805

A crushing or tearing amputation:

Back 805

can result in excessive blood loss due to hemorrhage if the paramedic does not intervene rapidly

Front 806

Bulging of a child's anterior fontanelle is:

Back 806

Common while crying, pathologic when observed in a quiet child.

Front 807

If a young female with a known history of gonorrhea presents with abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, and bleeding between periods?

Back 807

she most likely has pelvic inflammatory disease

Front 808

Q. Removal of a dental appliance after intubating a patient is:

Back 808

dangerous and may cause dislodgement of the tube.

Front 809

The first EMT textbook, Emergency Care and Transportation of the Sick and Injured, was published in 1971 by the?

Back 809

American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS)

Front 810

The hazardous materials team has deemed it safe for you to enter and remove patients from an office building that exploded. As you are moving the patients, it is MOST important to:

Back 810

remain alert to the possibility of a secondary explosive device

Front 811

When you ask a patient an uncomplicated question in plain English, and he or she responds with an unnecessarily complicated or inappropriate response, you should consider that the patient is?

Back 811

possibly lying due to the stress of the situation

Front 812

Which of the following statements regarding an abusive parent is MOST correct?

Back 812

Abusive parents have unrealistic expectations of their children and try to control their children through negative and authoritarian means

Front 813

You are transporting a young female who intentionally ingested a large quantity of her prescribed Pamelor. She is conscious, but drowsy, and complains of a dry mouth and blurred vision. The cardiac monitor reveals sinus tachycardia at 120 beats/min. You are administering high-flow oxygen and have established a patent IV line. With regard to her ECG rhythm, you should be especially alert for:

Back 813

QRS widening

Front 814

You have applied the defibrillator pads to a pulseless and apneic 60-year-old woman and observe a slow, wide QRS complex rhythm. Your next action should be to:

Back 814

immediately begin CPR.

Front 815

A fracture at an angle to the shaft of the bone is called a/an?

Back 815

oblique fracture

Front 816

* At birth, a pulse rate of up to ___ beats/min and a respiratory rate of up to ___ breaths/min are considered normal.

Back 816

180, 60

Front 817

A patient who complains of double vision has:

Back 817

Diplopia

Front 818

Elder abuse is generally substantiated by:

Back 818

adult protective services

Front 819

Gestational hypertension?

Back 819

may be an early sign of preeclampsia

Front 820

If your unit is the first to arrive at an incident, you should keep yourself safe, size up the scene, and then:

Back 820

notify dispatch, identify your unit, apprise dispatch of the situation, and assume command.

Front 821

In adult patients, oral ingestion of a caustic substance:

Back 821

is usually intentional

Front 822

Q. Hepatomegaly and jugular veinous distention are MOST suggestive of:

Back 822

right heart failure

Front 823

When an ambulance collides with a citizen's vehicle at an intersection?

Back 823

the driver of the ambulance may be charged criminally

Front 824

When managing a patient who is entrapped by a crushing object, it is MOST important to:

Back 824

make every effort to treat the patient before removing the crushing object

Front 825

Which of the following medications is a calcium channel blocker?

Back 825

Cardizem

Front 826

Formation of new bone on the surface of the bone is called ________ bone growth.

Back 826

appositional

Front 827

Anatomically contiguous leads view:

Back 827

The same general area of the heart.

Front 828

At 10:20 PM, you are dispatched for a woman reportedly slumped over the steering wheel of her car alongside the highway. Upon arriving at the scene, you should:

Back 828

park your ambulance at least 15 feet behind the patient’s vehicle

Front 829

Down syndrome occurs when:

Back 829

a triplication of chromosome 21 occurs

Front 830

Full-thickness circumferential burns to the chest:

Back 830

may cause significant restriction of respiratory excursion

Front 831

In most infants, the primary method of communicating distress is?

Back 831

crying

Front 832

Q. Patients with obvious respiratory failure require immediate:

Back 832

ventilation support

Front 833

The MOST immediate danger to a deeply unconscious patient with acute alcohol intoxication is:

Back 833

aspiration of vomitus

Front 834

The typical upper limit of the fetal heart rate is?

Back 834

160 beats/min

Front 835

When assessing visual acuity in the prehospital setting, you should:

Back 835

Simple test such as light/dark discrimination and finger counting. Test each eye in isolation.

Front 836

Which of the following is the BEST example of a teachable moment?

Back 836

advising the unrestrained passenger with minor injuries following a MVC that she easily could have been killed

Front 837

You are called to a local gym for the patient with nausea. Your patient, a 29-year-old man, tells you that he thinks he has a “stomach bug.” He is conscious and alert, denies CP or SOB, and tells you that he has been nauseated for the last 4 hours, but has not vomited. His blood pressure is 124/66 mmHg, pulse is 46 beats/min and strong, respirations are 20 breaths/min and regular, and room air oxygen saturation is 99%. The cardiac monitor reveals a sinus bradycardia. You should:

Back 837

administer oxygen via nasal cannula, start an IV of normal saline, consider administering an antiemetic, and transport.

Front 838

The ______ part of the skeletal system consists, in part, of the skull and spine.

Back 838

appendicular

Front 839

Q. The barrel-chest appearance classically seen in emphysemic patients is secondary to:

Back 839

air trapping in the lungs.

Front 840

The diameter and reactivity of a patient's pupils to light:

Back 840

Reflect the status of the brain’s perfusion, oxygenation, and condition.

Front 841

The egg is referred to as a blastocyst when?

Back 841

it has been fertilized and enters the uterus and begins absorbing uterine fluid through the cell membrane

Front 842

The equipment and supplies that are carried in the back of an ambulance:

Back 842

must be stowed safely yet easily accessible

Front 843

The hyperpnea and tachypnea associated with methyl alcohol intoxication is secondary to:

Back 843

metabolic acidosis

Front 844

The LEAST common cause of death from fires is:

Back 844

integument burns

Front 845

The paramedic is in the BEST position to formulate an appropriate treatment plan for an ill patient if the paramedic?

Back 845

is able to identify the etiology of the patient's illness

Front 846

The speech pattern of a patient with a fluency disorder is generally NOT:

Back 846

slurred

Front 847

When educating citizens who live in an area where EMS response times will be lengthy, the MOST important skill to teach them is?

Back 847

rescue breathing and chest compressions

Front 848

Asymmetry of the pupils:

Back 848

(Anisocoria, which can be found in 20 % of the population) may indicate significant ocular or neurologic pathology, but must be correlated with the Pt overall presentation.

Front 849

Nasotracheal intubation of a patient with upper airway burns:

Back 849

is a complicated procedure and should be avoided

Front 850

Once in the body, approximately 90% of inorganic lead accumulates in:

Back 850

bone

Front 851

Q. Frothy sputum that has a pink tinge to it is MOST suggestive of:

Back 851

congestive heart failure

Front 852

The ___ has the authority and responsibility to stop an emergency operation if he or she believes a rescuer is in danger.

Back 852

Safety officer

Front 853

The ability of the heart to vary the degree of its contraction without stretching is called:

Back 853

contractility.

Front 854

When assessing a patient with a developmental disability, the MOST effective way of determining the extent to which he or she can interact and understand is to:

Back 854

speak to the patient

Front 855

Which of the following conditions, if it remains undetected until puberty, can result in acute pain, severe constipation, and low back pain at the onset of menses?

Back 855

imperforate hymen

Front 856

Which of the following general statements regarding injuries and injury prevention is MOST correct?

Back 856

EMS has the greatest impact in preventing unintentional injuries

Front 857

Which of the following physical changes occurs in adults over 25 years of age?

Back 857

settling of the discs in the spine

Front 858

The brain connects to the spinal cord through a large opening at the base of the skull known as the?

Back 858

foramen magnum

Front 859

A 23-year-old woman with sickle cell disease presents with severe joint pain and fever (102.5). She is conscious and alert, and tells you that her symptoms began yesterday and suddenly worsened today. Her blood pressure is 118/76 mmHg, pulse rate is 120 beats/min and regular, and respirations are 24 breaths/min with adequate depth. After applying high-flow oxygen, and initiating transport, you should:

Back 859

ensure that she is in a comfortable position, cover her with a blanket, start an IV line at a KVO rate, and monitor her throughout transport.

Front 860

A Computer-Aided Management of Emergency Operations (CAMEO) device is used by hazardous materials teams to:

Back 860

help predict downwind concentrations of hazardous materials based on the input of environmental factors into a computer model.

Front 861

Common complaints in patients experiencing an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Back 861

HA

Front 862

If your EMS system protocols permit you to administer oxytocin to the mother following delivery of the placenta, it is MOST important to?

Back 862

ensure that she is not delivering a second baby

Front 863

In conventional reasoning, school-age children:

Back 863

seek approval from their peers and society

Front 864

Most patients with muscular dystrophy:

Back 864

die as a result of pulmonary or cardiac complications

Front 865

The cranial vault is divided into compartments. Which compartment contains the occipital bone and foramen magnum?

Back 865

posterior fossa

Front 866

Q. The pressure relief valve on an automatic transport ventilator (ATV) may lead to unrecognized hypoventilation in patients with all of the following conditions, EXCEPT:

Back 866

prolonged apnea

Front 867

Stimulation of the nervous system during the fight-or-flight response causes?

Back 867

increased perspiration

Front 868

When assessing a patient's conjunctivae, you note they are injected. This means that the conjunctivae are:

Back 868

Injected means RED. The conjunctivae ought to be pink-not cyanotic, pale, or overly reddened.

Front 869

Which of the following chemicals corrode the skin and cause massive protein denaturing?

Back 869

Ammonium

Front 870

The prominent bony ridge that is the point of attachement from the meninges is the?

Back 870

crista galli

Front 871

* Most immunologic diseases that exhibit familial tendencies:

Back 871

involve an overactive immune system

Front 872

A hospital that is in violation of EMTALA?

Back 872

could forfeit all of its Medicare funding

Front 873

An opaque black area against the red reflex of the eye is indicative of:

Back 873

Cataracts

Front 874

As the first responding unit to arrive at the scene of a confined space rescue, what is the MOST important information to share with the technical rescue team when they arrive?

Back 874

Whether the incident has changed significantly since your arrival

Front 875

Q. You are transporting a middle-aged man on a CPAP unit for severe pulmonary edema. An IV line of normal saline is in place. Prior to applying the CPAP device, the patient was tachypneic and had an oxygen saturation of 90%. When you reassess him, you note that his respirations have increased and his oxygen saturation has dropped to 84%. You should:

Back 875

remove the CPAP unit, assist his ventilations with a bag-mask device, and prepare to intubate him.

Front 876

What part of the female genitalia is homologous to the glans penis of the male?

Back 876

clitoris

Front 877

When assessing an anxious patient who presents with tachycardia, you must:

Back 877

determine if the tachycardia is causing hemodynamic instability.

Front 878

When establishing communication with a conscious and alert patient who is speech impaired, you should FIRST:

Back 878

determine how he or she is most comfortable communicating with you

Front 879

Which of the following statements regarding carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is MOST correct?

Back 879

Never rule out CO poisoning because of the absence of cherry red skin

Front 880

Which of the following statements regarding methyl alcohol is MOST correct?

Back 880

Methyl alcohol is also known as wood alcohol, and is present in paints, paint removers, windshield washer fluid, and varnishes.

Front 881

The pituitary gland resides in a saddle-shaped depression in the middle of the sphenoid bone that is called?

Back 881

sella turcica

Front 882

* When functioning at a noisy scene, communication will be MOST effective if you?

Back 882

move the patient to the ambulance as soon as you can

Front 883

A 4-year-old boy pulled a pot of boiling water off the stove and experienced partial-thickness splash burns to his neck, anterior trunk, and both anterior arms. During your assessment, you note that the child is conscious, but is not crying. He is tachypneic and tachycardic and his skin is cool and moist. Other than the burns, there are no other gross injuries. Which of the following statements regarding this scenario is MOST correct?

Back 883

The child may be hypoglycemic and requires assessment of his blood glucose level

Front 884

Administering a drug that possesses a positive chronotropic effect will have a direct effect on:

Back 884

the heart rate

Front 885

Common signs of gestational diabetes include?

Back 885

polydipsia

Front 886

Frank blood or clear, watery fluid draining from the ear canal following head trauma is MOST suggestive of a/an:

Back 886

Basilar skull fracture.

Front 887

In contrast to conductive deafness, sensorineural hearing loss:

Back 887

may be congenital or secondary to a birth injury

Front 888

Q. Use of a spacer device in conjunction with a metered-dose inhaler:

Back 888

collects medication as it is released from the canister, allowing more to be delivered to the lungs and less to be lost to the environment.

Front 889

The MAIN benefit to online medical control is that it?

Back 889

provides an immediate and specific patient care resource

Front 890

You are transporting a 55-year-old woman to the hospital. The patient has lymphoma and complains of generalized, severe pain. She is receiving supplemental oxygen and has an IV line of normal saline established. Her blood pressure is 110/64 mmHg, pulse rate is 104 beats/min and regular, and respirations are 22 breaths/min and adequate. You should:

Back 890

administer narcotic analgesia as needed while closely monitoring her blood pressure

Front 891

Youths usually join a gang for all of the following reasons, EXCEPT:

Back 891

a psychiatric illness

Front 892

Which bone of the skull is found on the sides of the head?

Back 892

temporal

Front 893

According to the rule of nines, an adult man with partial- and full-thickness burns to his head, face and anterior chest has burns to ___% of his total body surface area (TBSA).

Back 893

18

Front 894

Hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia would MOST likely result in:

Back 894

increased myocardial irritability.

Front 895

Implantation of a fertilized egg within a fallopian tube?

Back 895

can cause severe intra-abdominal hemorrhage

Front 896

Patients with type A hemophilia:

Back 896

have a deficiency of factor VIII

Front 897

Q. The major advantage of the multilumen airway is that:

Back 897

effective ventilation is possible if the tube enters the esophagus or the trachea

Front 898

Research that is based on a group of individuals over an outlined time frame is called ___ research.

Back 898

cross-sectional

Front 899

Swollen lymph nodes in the anterior neck usually indicate:

Back 899

Infection

Front 900

The goal of a system status management (SSM) is to:

Back 900

minimize response times by deploying EMS resources strategically

Front 901

When caring for a patient with cerebral palsy, it is MOST important to:

Back 901

be prepared for seizures and have suction ready

Front 902

Which of the following vital signs is NOT consistent with that of a child between 1 and 3 years of age?

Back 902

heart rate of 80 beats/min

Front 903

When heroin passes through the liver:

Back 903

it is metabolized into acetyl-morphine, which continues to exert narcotic effects that may outlast the effects of naloxone

Front 904

The cranial nerve for smell is called?

Back 904

olfactory bulb

Front 905

After delivering a shock to a patient in pulseless ventricular tachycardia, you should:

Back 905

resume CPR

Front 906

All of the following are adventitious breath sounds, EXCEPT:

Back 906

(ALL CORRECT) Rales, Rhonchi, Wheezes, stridor.

Front 907

All of the following events occur during the prodromal stage of labor, EXCEPT:

Back 907

contractions at 5- to 15- minute intervals

Front 908

Edema in an upper extremity following a mastectomy is the result of:

Back 908

decreased lymphatic drainage

Front 909

Q. Emphysema is caused by:

Back 909

chronic destruction of the alveolar walls

Front 910

Ricin is a neurotoxin that is derived from:

Back 910

mash that is left from the castor bean

Front 911

The first rule of medical practice is to?

Back 911

do no harm

Front 912

The outer zone of an entrance or exit wound caused by a contact electrical burn is:

Back 912

the red zone of coagulation necrosis

Front 913

Upon entering the residence of a vision-impaired patient, the FIRST thing you should do is:

Back 913

make your presence known

Front 914

A burn patient with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:

Back 914

may be triaged as a critically burned patient, even if the burn injury is small

Front 915

A pt's wife called 911 because the pt was complaining of a severe headache and nausea. The pt is conscious and alert, but obviously upset that his wife called 911 without consulting him first. As you pull out the BP cuff, the pt folds his arms and turns away from you. From this pt's actions, you should conclude that?

Back 915

you do not have consent to treat him

Front 916

An early complex that breaks the regularity of the underlying rhythm, and is characterized by a narrow QRS complex and an upright P wave that differs in shape and size from the P waves of the other complexes, MOST accurately describes a/an:

Back 916

premature atrial complex

Front 917

Cerebral palsy is a:

Back 917

nonprogressive, bilateral neuromuscular disorder in which voluntary muscles are poorly controlled

Front 918

Common signs and symptoms of infection with the cytomegalovirus (CMV) include:

Back 918

prolonged high fever

Front 919

One aspect of the technique of contact and cover involves:

Back 919

one paramedic making contact with the patient to provide care while the second paramedic obtains patient information from another person while gauging his or her level of tension

Front 920

Percussion of the chest produces ___ if the pleural space is full of BLOOD.

Back 920

hyporesonance or dullness

Front 921

Q. You should be MOST suspicious of tube misplacement following an open cricothyrotomy if:

Back 921

a crackling sensation is noted when palpating the neck.

Front 922

The highest form of mental function in a human being is the?

Back 922

spontaneous expression of appropriate humor

Front 923

The MOST common cause of death following a tricyclic antidepressant overdose is:

Back 923

a cardiac dysrhythmia

Front 924

The _______ joint is where the posterior condyle of the mandible articulates.

Back 924

temporomandibular

Front 925

A morbidly obese 40-year-old man, whom you find lying supine in his bed, presents with respiratory distress. He is conscious, but can only speak in two-word sentences. His face is flushed and his ankles are notably edamatous. Your MOST immediate action should be to:

Back 925

place him in a semi-Fowler's position

Front 926

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a term used to describe:

Back 926

any group of clinical symptoms consistent with acute myocardial ischemia

Front 927

By definition, a premature infant:

Back 927

is born before 37 weeks gestation

Front 928

Damage to the kidneys following an electrical injury:

Back 928

occurs when damaged muscle produces myoglobin

Front 929

If a liquid leaking from a tank has a high boiling point, and the air temperature is low:

Back 929

the risk of vapor inhalation is relatively low

Front 930

Q. Why are children more prone to croup when they acquire a viral infection than adults infected with the same virus?

Back 930

A child’s airway is narrower than an adult’s, and even minor swelling can result in obstruction.

Front 931

Which of the following is NOT typically associated with leukemia?

Back 931

Absence of fever

Front 932

Which of the following scenarios MOST accurately depicts abandonment?

Back 932

a pt with a possible fracture of the radius wishes to go to the hospital, but does not have transportation, so you arrange for a friend to take him to the emergency department the next day

Front 933

Which of the following statements regarding a patient's physical pain is MOST correct?

Back 933

a patient should never have to be a patient about any pain that the paramedic can alleviate

Front 934

You would NOT expect to encounter decreased breath sounds in a patient with:

Back 934

Cardiac Tamponade.

Front 935

The cavity that fills the center of the tooth and contains blood vessels, nerves and specialized connective tissues is called?

Back 935

pulp

Front 936

A patient with full-thickness burns surrounded by areas of superficial and partial-thickness burns should be treated with all of the following, EXCEPT:

Back 936

moist dressings

Front 937

Appropriate prehospital treatment for a patient who has overdosed on a stimulant and is excessively tachycardic and violent includes all of the following, EXCEPT:

Back 937

beta-adrenergic antagonists

Front 938

Being empathetic towards a pt means that you?

Back 938

acknowledge the pt's feelings

Front 939

Biological agents are:

Back 939

naturally occurring organisms that are cultivated in a laboratory

Front 940

Death in the pre-hospital setting following an acute myocardial infarction is MOST often the result of:

Back 940

ventricular fibrillation

Front 941

If a 17-year-old woman with a gynecologic problem answers your question, “Is there any possibility that you are pregnant” with a firm “No way!,” you should?

Back 941

ask the patient why she is sure she is not pregnant

Front 942

Q. Intubation of the trauma patient is MOST effectively performed:

Back 942

by two paramedics

Front 943

S1, the first heart sound, represents:

Back 943

Closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves “lub”.

Front 944

Vascular compromise for changes in blood pressure decreases with age due to?

Back 944

reduced elasticity of the peripheral vessels secondary to decreases in elastin and collagen

Front 945

When assessing a patient who is disabled from a previous injury, you should:

Back 945

ask the patient's family what is normal for him or her

Front 946

The spine is divided into how many sections?

Back 946

5

Front 947

A known alcoholic man is found unresponsive by a law enforcement officer. An empty container of antifreeze was found near him. Your assessment reveals that his respirations are deep and rapid, his pulse rate is rapid and weak, and his pupils are dilated and sluggishly reactive. As your partner administers high-flow oxygen to the patient, you should:

Back 947

start an IV line and begin administering a saline fluid bolus

Front 948

If the wife of a critically ill man asks you if her husband is going to die, the MOST appropriate response should be?

Back 948

"He is very sick, but we are doing everything we can to help him."

Front 949

Multiple sclerosis is:

Back 949

a chronic central nervous system disease caused by destruction of the myelin and nerve axons within the brain and spinal cord

Front 950

Q. Two attempts to ventilate an unconscious 10-year-old boy have been unsuccessful. You should next:

Back 950

perform chest compressions

Front 951

The fourth heart sound (S4):

Back 951

Considered a “gallop” rhythm, is a moderately pitched sound that occurs immediately before the normal S1 sound; it’s always abnormal. The S4 sound represents either decreased stretching (compliance) of the left ventricle or increased pressure in the atria. “bla” sound.

Front 952

The kind of stress that motivates an individual to achieve is called?

Back 952

eustress

Front 953

The MOST important aspect in the care of a woman with severe vaginal bleeding is?

Back 953

treating for shock and transporting rapidly

Front 954

The skin sheds excess heat from the body through:

Back 954

the evaporation of sweat

Front 955

Which of the following statements regarding an EMS provider’s role during a trench rescue is MOST correct?

Back 955

EMS providers should attempt to make contact with the patient, but should not enter the trench and attempt rescue

Front 956

You have just performed synchronized cardioversion on a patient with unstable ventricular tachycardia. Upon reassessment, you note that the patient is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless. You should:

Back 956

ensure that the synchronizer is off, defibrillate one time, and check for a pulse.

Front 957

There are how many pairs of floating ribs?

Back 957

2

Front 958

If, when responding to a call for a pt in cardiac arrest, you run every stop sign and drive with unnecessary speed?

Back 958

you are not a credible advocate for injury prevention

Front 959

Injury to the inferior wall of the myocardium would present with:

Back 959

ST segment elevation in leads II, III and aVF.

Front 960

Q. If the ET tube is placed in the trachea properly, the colorimetric paper inside the ETCO2 detector should:

Back 960

turn yellow during inspiration

Front 961

Specific treatment for a hydrofluoric acid burn is:

Back 961

calcium chloride

Front 962

The MOST common type of ovarian cyst is the ____ cyst, which generally develops during the?

Back 962

functional, menstrual cycle

Front 963

The MOST important prehospital treatment intervention for a patient with carbon monoxide poisoning is:

Back 963

high-flow oxygen

Front 964

The term mid-life crisis BEST describes a person who?

Back 964

makes a dramatic gesture in a bid to reclaim his or her youth

Front 965

Upon arriving at the scene of a multiple vehicle crash, you call for additional resources and begin triaging patients using the START triage system. The first patient you assess is a young male who is unconscious and apneic. After manually opening his airway, you note that he starts breathing shallowly. You should:

Back 965

categorize him as an immediate patient

Front 966

When auscultating heart sounds, you should place your stethoscope at the:

Back 966

At the fifth intercostal space over the apex of the heart.

Front 967

Which of the following statements regarding cancer is MOST correct?

Back 967

Cancer is defined as the uncontrolled growth of normal tissue cells

Front 968

The ____ joint of the spinal column is where C1 articulates with the skull

Back 968

atlanto-occipital

Front 969

* Which of the following statements regarding nervous system function in the older adult is MOST correct?

Back 969

cerebral metabolism and oxygen consumption remain constant throughout life

Front 970

A bruit indicates ___ blood flow, and is MOST significant in the ___ arteries.

Back 970

Turbulent, carotid

Front 971

Body substance isolation (BSI) differs from universal precautions in that BSI?

Back 971

is designed to approach all body fluids as being potentially infectious

Front 972

Common complications associated with cerebral palsy include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Back 972

cardiovascular disease

Front 973

If a patient’s aortic aneurysm is not compressing on any adjacent structures:

Back 973

he or she will likely be asymptomatic.

Front 974

Q. In contrast to a needle cricothyrotomy, an open cricothyrotomy:

Back 974

enables the paramedic to provide greater tidal volume

Front 975

The onset of eclampsia is marked by the presence of?

Back 975

grand mal seizures

Front 976

Toxic effects of alcohol on the liver include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Back 976

hyperglycemia

Front 977

Which of the following statements regarding cold water submersion is NOT correct?

Back 977

Water that is colder than 70 degrees F will cause a marked increase in oxygen demand

Front 978

With regard to a thermal burn injury, the zone of coagulation:

Back 978

is the central part of the burn and suffers the most damage

Front 979

How many pairs of ribs, called true ribs, attach directly to the sternum?

Back 979

7

Front 980

A painless, progressive enlargement of the lymphoid glands that most commonly affects the spleen and lymph nodes is called:

Back 980

Hodgkin lymphoma

Front 981

All of the following chemicals are vesicant agents, EXCEPT:

Back 981

chlorine

Front 982

Average blood loss during the third stage of labor is approximately?

Back 982

150 mL

Front 983

If a burn patient presents with a hoarse voice and states, “I’m cold,” your MOST immediate concern should be:

Back 983

inhalation injury

Front 984

The sternum is divided into bodies; which is the top portion?

Back 984

manubrium

Front 985

Immediate treatment for a patient with acute myocardial infarction involves:

Back 985

reducing myocardial oxygen demand.

Front 986

Patients with congenital prolongation of the Q-T interval are at GREATEST risk for?

Back 986

ventricular arrhythmias

Front 987

Q. Which of the following medications is safest to use in patients with borderline hypotension or hypovolemia?

Back 987

Etomidate

Front 988

The wrongful act that gives rise to a civil suid is called?

Back 988

negligence

Front 989

To appreciate the S1 sound:

Back 989

Ask the patient to breathe normally and hold the breath on expiration.

Front 990

Which of the following is LEAST suggestive of hearing impairment?

Back 990

an inability to speak

Front 991

The vertebrae that fuse into a plate-like bone that forms the posterior portion of the pelvis is called the?

Back 991

sacrum

Front 992

An example of conductive deafness is:

Back 992

temporary hearing loss caused by a ruptured membrane

Front 993

Any sympathomimetic drug will cause:

Back 993

tachycardia

Front 994

Arterial pulses are a physical expression of:

Back 994

Systolic blood pressure.

Front 995

Common health risks associated with obesity include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Back 995

hypotension

Front 996

Prior to transporting a 66 yo woman with CP to the hospital, she expresses the need to retrieve her bible and say a prayer. You should?

Back 996

leave the room if your religious beliefs are not consistent with hers

Front 997

Q. A patient with a suppressed cough mechanism:

Back 997

is at high risk for aspiration

Front 998

The purpose of estimating a patient’s total body surface area (TBSA) burns in the prehospital setting is to:

Back 998

help the paramedic determine the most appropriate destination hospital

Front 999

When assessing lead II via the limb leads, the negative lead should be placed on the:

Back 999

right arm

Front 1000

Which of the following is the safest method for preparing to enter a residence?

Back 1000

Stand to the doorknob side of the door, knock, and announce that you are a paramedic.

Front 1001

Which of the following statements regarding Rh disease during pregnancy is MOST correct?

Back 1001

During subsequent pregnancies, the Rh antibody will cross the placental barrier and attack the fetal red blood cells

Front 1002

A partial-thickness burn is considered to be critical if it:

Back 1002

involves more than 30% of the body surface area

Front 1003

Distention of the jugular veins indicates:

Back 1003

Depending on the clinical situation, patients with JVD may be experiencing cardiogenic shock or have a ruptured cardiac valve. In the setting of chest trauma, neck vein distention and hypotention may symbolize a tension pneumothorax or pericardial tamponade. Indicates increased venous capacitance

Front 1004

Early signs or symptoms of breast cancer include?

Back 1004

a small, painless lump in the breast

Front 1005

Q. You are dispatched to a residence for a 59-year-old man with difficulty breathing. The patient, who has a history of COPD, is conscious and alert. During your assessment, he tells you that he developed chills, fever, and a productive cough 2 days ago. Auscultation of his lungs reveals rhonchi to the left lower lobe. This patient is MOST likely experiencing:

Back 1005

pneumonia

Front 1006

Rheumatoid arthritis is MOST accurately defined as:

Back 1006

an autoimmune disorder that causes progressive joint destruction

Front 1007

Unlike dermal exposure to a strong acid, dermal exposure to a strong alkali:

Back 1007

requires longer irrigation with water because alkalis are less water soluble

Front 1008

When caring for a prolapsed umbilical cord, you should?

Back 1008

Keep the presenting part of the baby off the umbilical cord during rapid transport to the hospital

Front 1009

When using limb leads, any impulse moving toward a positive electrode will:

Back 1009

cause a positive deflection on the ECG.

Front 1010

You are assessing the circulation status of an injured patient using the START triage system. The patient, a 33-year-old man, has strong radial pulses bilaterally. You should:

Back 1010

control any bleeding and assess his mental status

Front 1011

You arrive at the scene of a shooting. The pt, a 19 yo man, has a GSW to the side of his head with a large amount of exposed brain mater. Further assessment reveals that the pt is apneic and pulseless. Law enforcement personnel advise you that the person who shot the patient is in their custody. You should?

Back 1011

avoid unnecessary contact with the pt and document the finding of your visual assessment of the pt and scene

Front 1012

Which of the following is NOT an immoveable joint?

Back 1012

movement between the radius and ulna

Front 1013

As a result of the increase in systolic blood pressure associated with aging:

Back 1013

the left ventricle works harder, becoming thicker, and loses its elasticity

Front 1014

Depolarization, the process by which muscle fibers are stimulated to contract, occurs when:

Back 1014

cell wall permeability changes and sodium rushes into the cell.

Front 1015

Q. When determining the correct-sized nasogastric tube for a patient, you should measure the tube:

Back 1015

from the nose to the ear and to the xiphoid process.

Front 1016

The onset of menses is called ___, and typically occurs between the ages of?

Back 1016

Menarche, 11 and 14 years

Front 1017

Upon arriving at the scene of an incident involving a chlorine gas spill, you should:

Back 1017

remove all patients from the scene

Front 1018

When a person experiences an injury and seeks redress for that injury?

Back 1018

the judicial process must determine who is responsible

Front 1019

When examining the anterior abdomen of a patient who complains of abdominal pain:

Back 1019

It’s best to make the patient as comfortable as possible. The patient must be in the supine position.

Front 1020

Which of the following statements regarding paralysis is MOST correct?

Back 1020

A paralyzed patient has lost the ability to voluntarily move a body part

Front 1021

While at the scene of an incident in which several patients were possibly exposed to Lewisite, you are informed that an unresponsive patient with multiple blisters on his body and inadequate breathing is being brought to you for treatment. You should:

Back 1021

ensure that the patient has been decontaminated before initiating any treatment

Front 1022

You are transporting a conscious but confused 29-year-old man after he was electrocuted. The patient is on high-flow oxygen, has an IV line of normal saline in place, is on a cardiac monitor, and has his spine fully immobilized. During transport, it is especially important for you to:

Back 1022

remain alert for lethal cardiac dysrhythmias and to be prepared to defibrillate

Front 1023

The shoulder joint is a ball-and-socket joint in which the head of the humerus articulates with the glenoid fossa, which is part of the?

Back 1023

scapula

Front 1024

* Renin is a protein that is released into the bloodstream by the ___ in response to changes in the ___.

Back 1024

kidneys, blood pressure

Front 1025

A patient who is absolutely still and resists any movement should be suspected of having:

Back 1025

Peritonitis

Front 1026

After stabilizing the scene, you must next:

Back 1026

get access to the patient and determine his or her degree of entrapment

Front 1027

During you assessment of a 33-year-old woman who you suspect is under the influence of a drug, the patient tells you that she was “listening to the painting on the wall” before you arrived. Her pulse rate and blood pressure are both elevated. This clinical presentation is MOST consistent with the use of:

Back 1027

methamphetamine

Front 1028

Q. Approximately ___ mL of air remain in the anatomic dead space of an adult with a tidal volume of 500 mL.

Back 1028

150

Front 1029

The lesions associated with genital herpes?

Back 1029

Initially appear as small red bumps

Front 1030

Thousands of fibrils that are distributed throughout the ventricles, which represent the end of the cardiac condition system, are called the:

Back 1030

purkinje fibers.

Front 1031

Unlike chemical burns, radiation burns:

Back 1031

may appear hours or days after exposure

Front 1032

Which of the following is an example of a speech production disorder:

Back 1032

hoarseness

Front 1033

Which of the following would MOST likely encourage manufacturers to remove dangerous products from the market or make them safer?

Back 1033

product liability litigation

Front 1034

Which of the following is NOT a ligament that holds the acromioclavicular (AC) joint in place?

Back 1034

medial border

Front 1035

* In what age range can most children begin to use and understand full sentences?

Back 1035

3 to 4 years

Front 1036

A 16-year-old man presents with shortness of breath and a productive cough. During your exam, you note that the tips of his fingers are cyanotic and clubbed. His breath sounds reveal coarse crackles bilaterally and his oxygen saturation is 85% on room air. This patient MOST likely has:

Back 1036

cystic fibrosis

Front 1037

A 74-year-old man experienced partial- and full-thickness burns to his arms and chest resulting from a fire that started after he fell asleep while smoking his cigar. The patient’s son, who arrived at the scene shortly after you, states that his father has congestive heart failure, rheumatoid arthritis, and atrial fibrillation. In addition to administering supplemental oxygen, it is MOST important for you to:

Back 1037

auscultate his breath sounds before administering IV fluids

Front 1038

Any electrical impulse that originates in the ventricles will produce:

Back 1038

wide QRS complexes and a rate between 20 and 40 beats/min.

Front 1039

Q. The MOST obvious risk associated with extubation is:

Back 1039

overestimating the patient’s ability to protect his or her own airway

Front 1040

The single MOST important process to ensure ongoing rescuer safety at a technical rescue incident is:

Back 1040

the accountability system

Front 1041

Which of the following patients is NOT an emancipated minor?

Back 1041

17 yo woman who goes to college and lives with her parents

Front 1042

Which of the following statements regarding ascites is MOST correct?

Back 1042

Typically seen in patients who suffer from liver disease. Ascites is the collection of fluid within the peritoneal cavity

Front 1043

Which of the following statements regarding leukemia is MOST correct?

Back 1043

Leukemia is the result of abnormal white blood cell development

Front 1044

You are in the process of assisting a woman in labor. She is 38 weeks pregnant with her second child and her contractions are 3 minutes apart and are strong and regular. Her first baby was delivered by cesarean section. As you prepare for imminent delivery, the woman tells you that her contractions have decreased significantly, and that she is very dizzy. Assessment of her vaginal area reveals moderate vaginal bleeding. You quickly assess her and note that she is diaphoretic, tachycardic, and hypotensive. You should be MOST suspicious for?

Back 1044

Uterine rupture

Front 1045

A bursa is a fluid-filled sac situated between?

Back 1045

tendon and bone

Front 1046

* What hand gesture is interpreted by many Arabic and some Latin countries as the equivalent of an extended middle finger?

Back 1046

the thumbs-up sign

Front 1047

A female paramedic is attempting to ask a hearing-impaired man about his past medical history. However, when she asks him a question, he looks at her male partner and smiles. The male partner should:

Back 1047

attempt to communicate with the patient, as his voice will likely have a lower pitch

Front 1048

A patient who presents with petechiae is MOST likely:

Back 1048

thrombocytopenic

Front 1049

Burn shock is caused by:

Back 1049

fluid loss across damaged skin and volume shifts within the rest of the body

Front 1050

If a paramedic is on duty receives a 911 call in his or her jurisdiction?

Back 1050

he or she is not covered by the Good Samaritan law

Front 1051

If a woman who is being treated with the antibiotic metronidazole for bacterial vaginosis consumes alcohol during treatment?

Back 1051

She may develop severe nausea and vomiting

Front 1052

Normal sinus rhythm (NSR) is characterized by all of the following, EXCEPT:

Back 1052

QRS complexes that are less than 0.14 seconds.

Front 1053

Preparedness in a given area should involve decisions and planning about:

Back 1053

the most likely disasters for the area, among other disasters

Front 1054

Q. A 40-year-old man fell 20 feet from a tree while trimming branches. Your assessment reveals that he is unconscious. You cannot open his airway effectively with the jaw-thrust maneuver. You shoud:

Back 1054

carefully open his airway with the head tilt-chin lift maneuver.

Front 1055

What part of the abdominal exam is of LEAST value in the prehospital setting?

Back 1055

Auscultation of the abdomen.

Front 1056

A group of eight bones compose the wrist; collectively they are called?

Back 1056

carpals

Front 1057

Abdominal guarding is MOST commonly encountered in patients with:

Back 1057

Peritoneal irritation (i.e, organ becomes inflammed or hollow organ ruptures and empties contents into paritoneal cavity)

Front 1058

After an adult victim is struck by lightning and experiences cardiac arrest:

Back 1058

his or her heart may resume beating spontaneously

Front 1059

Cervical effacement occurs when?

Back 1059

The less muscular lower part of the uterus is pulled upward over the presenting part of the baby

Front 1060

During a lengthy confined-space rescue in which the patient has experienced a crush injury, the paramedic should be especially concerned about the potential for:

Back 1060

compartment syndrome

Front 1061

If a patient asks you for advice regarding a treatment decision that his or her physician made, you should?

Back 1061

advice the patient that he or she should speak with his or her physician

Front 1062

Lowering of a significantly elevated blood pressure:

Back 1062

is best accomplished in a hospital setting.

Front 1063

Q. A pulse oximetry reading would be LEAST accurate in a patient:

Back 1063

with poor peripheral perfusion

Front 1064

Which of the following is NOT an anatomic characteristic of a person with Down syndrome?

Back 1064

small retracted tongue

Front 1065

While en route to a call for an emotionally distrubed patient, law enforcement notifies you by radio that the pt has become extremely violent. You should?

Back 1065

wait for law enforcement to advise you that they have the pt under control

Front 1066

You are transferring a 60-year-old man with COPD from a community hospital to a metropolitan hospital. The patient is mildly dyspneic, but is otherwise stable. He is receiving oxygen via nasal cannula, has an IV line of normal saline in place, and an ECG applied. When reading his chart, you note that he has polycythemia, a history of a prior stroke, and HTN. The patient tells you that he feels a fluttering sensation in his chest. You glance at the cardiac monitor and see a narrow complex tachycardia at a rate of 160 beats/min. The patient’s blood pressure is 116/70 mmHg and he remains conscious and alert. You should:

Back 1066

ensure adequate oxygenation and ventilation, administer 6 mg of adenosine, and reassess his cardiac rhythm

Front 1067

The socket of the ball-and-socket joint that connects the pelvic girdle with the lower extremity is called?

Back 1067

acetabulum

Front 1068

Common actions performed by the dispatcher after receiving an emergency call include all of the following, EXCEPT?

Back 1068

determining if an ambulance should be dispatched

Front 1069

Gross distortions of reality, withdrawal from social contacts, and bizarre behavior are MOST characteristic of?

Back 1069

schizophrenia

Front 1070

If a woman is gravid 3 and para 2?

Back 1070

She has delivered two babies

Front 1071

If intubation of a burn patient becomes necessary, you should avoid cutting the ET tube down to make it shorter because:

Back 1071

facial edema may cause tube dislodgement 2 to 3 days after the burn

Front 1072

Packaging a patient is MOST accurately defined as:

Back 1072

preparing the patient for movement as a unit

Front 1073

Patients with delirium tremens often experience:

Back 1073

hallucinations

Front 1074

Q. If the amount of pulmonary surfactant is decreased:

Back 1074

alveolar surface tension increases

Front 1075

The recommended first-line treatment for third-degree heart block associated with bradycardia is:

Back 1075

transcutaneous pacing.

Front 1076

Visceral abdominal pain is:

Back 1076

Less discrete guarded tenderness to palpation. Can be associated with various degrees of bowel obstruction.

Front 1077

Which of the following outward signs is LEAST suggestive of a communicable disease?

Back 1077

depression

Front 1078

The _____ is an enlargement of the distal end of the fibula and forms the lateral wall of the ankle joint.

Back 1078

lateral malleolus

Front 1079

A 30-year-old woman complains of an “achy” pain to both lower abdominal quadrants, which she states is made worse by walking. She further tells you that she recently finished her menstrual period. She has a fever of 101.9F. Her blood pressure is 122/62 mmHg, pulse rate is 84 beats/min and strong, and respirations are 14 breaths/min and unlabored. After gathering the rest of her medical history, you should?

Back 1079

Provide emotional support, make her as comfortable as possible, and safely transport her to an appropriate hospital.

Front 1080

Assessment of the female genitalia:

Back 1080

Performed in a limited and discreet fashion. Reasons to examine include concern over life-threatening hemorrhage or imminent delivery in chidbirth. Limit exam to inspection only.

Front 1081

Cardiac-related chest pain is often palliated by:

Back 1081

nitroglycerin.

Front 1082

Poisoning with ___ is MOST often the result of improper food storage or canning:

Back 1082

clostridium botulinum

Front 1083

Q. Which of the following devices is NOT used to deliver oxygen via positive pressure?

Back 1083

simple face mask

Front 1084

The symptoms and medical management of patients poisoned by ___ are identical to those of the nerve agents.

Back 1084

Organophosphate insecticides

Front 1085

Two thirds of children born with Down syndrome:

Back 1085

have congenital heart disease

Front 1086

When you address a patient by saying, "Hi, my name is Stephen Rahm and I'm a paramedic. What's your name?", the patient:

Back 1086

must go through a variety of very specific sequence of physical and mental responses that amounts to a mini-mental status examination

Front 1087

Which of the following statements regarding pre-hospital vascular access and fluid therapy in the severely burned patient is MOST correct?

Back 1087

At least one large-bore IV should be started while en route to the hospital

Front 1088

You should prioritize the needs of your patient based on the?

Back 1088

injury or illness that requires the most urgent treatment

Front 1089

The ____ bone is inferior and lateral to the talus in the foot.

Back 1089

calcaneus

Front 1090

* When communicating with older patients, it is MOST important to remember that:

Back 1090

their illnesses may be more complex because they have more than one disease process and may be taking several medications concurrently

Front 1091

A nulliparous woman?

Back 1091

Has never delivered a baby

Front 1092

A pathologic fracture occurs when:

Back 1092

When normal forces are applied to abnormal bone structures

Front 1093

If you are treating a patient with a suspected benzodiazepine overdose, and find that the patient is hypotensive, bradycardic and comatose:

Back 1093

you should consider concomitant overdose with another CNS depressant

Front 1094

If your partner is injured while approaching a parked vehicle, you should:

Back 1094

back the ambulance away from the danger zone and request law enforcement

Front 1095

Obesity is often attributed to:

Back 1095

a slow basal metabolic rate

Front 1096

Q. When present at low levels, oxygen binds easily to hemoglobin molecules, resulting in:

Back 1096

large changes in oxygen saturation when small changes in PaCO2 occur.

Front 1097

Which of the following burn injuries would MOST likely require transport to a burn specialty center?

Back 1097

Burns that involve the hands, feet, or major joints

Front 1098

Which of the following clinical findings is LEAST suggestive of left side heart failure?

Back 1098

Sacral edema.

Front 1099

While caring for a woman with acute SOB, your partner, a dedicated paramedic for many years, tells the pt that she should have driven herself to the hospital instead of calling EMS. Your partner's behavior is MOST consistent with?

Back 1099

impending burnout

Front 1100

The medullary cavity contains a substance known as?

Back 1100

bone marrow

Front 1101

A 51-year-old woman sustained a large laceration to her cheek when she was cut by a knife during a robbery attempt. The patient is conscious and alert and has severe oral bleeding. She denies any other trauma. Your FIRST action should be to:

Back 1101

ensure that she is sitting up and leaning forward

Front 1102

Clinical signs of an inflamed joint include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Back 1102

SIGNS INCLUDE: swelling, tenderness, increased heat, redness, ecchymosis, decreased function, deformity, diminished strength, atrophy or asymmetry from one side to the other

Front 1103

Your paramedic squad is dispatched to a reported motor vehicle crash in a rural section of your response area. Upon arrival you find an older-model truck has run into a tree, and the driver, who was not wearing a seat belt, has sustained a head injury. It is unknown how much time elapsed between the crash and the discovery of the crash. Your partner does the rapid trauma assessment and reports Battle signs. Where would this sign be visible?

Back 1103

over the mastoid process

Front 1104

If you must move a vision-impaired patient, it is MOST important to:

Back 1104

tell the patient what is happening

Front 1105

Uterine inversion occurs when?

Back 1105

The placenta fails to detach properly and adheres to the uterine wall when it is expelled

Front 1106

Which of the following statements regarding vehicle stabilization is MOST correct?

Back 1106

Vehicles that are positioned upright on all four wheels should be stabilized

Front 1107

You are dispatched to a local school for a 15-year-old student who was doing a gymnastics routine and fell on her face, striking her face in the floor. She is responding to painful stimuli, and you notice that there is a clear, watery fluid coming from her nose, which you suspect is cerebrospinal fluid. You suspect that there is a fracture of what structure?

Back 1107

cribriform plate

Front 1108

A 19-year-old woman fell from a second story window and landed on her head. She is unconscious with a blood pressure of 148/94 mmHg, heart rate of 58 beats/min, and irregular respirations of 8 breaths/min. Further assessment reveals blood draining from her nose and bilaterally dilated pupils that are slow to react. In addition to employing full spinal precautions, the MOST appropriate treatment for this patient involves:

Back 1108

intubating her trachea after preoxygenating her for 2 to 3 minutes with a bag-mask device, transporting immediately, starting at least one large-bore IV en route, applying a cardiac monitor, and performing frequent neurologic assessments.

Front 1109

In addition to identifying and evaluating any hazards, scene stabilization typically involves all of the following components, EXCEPT:

Back 1109

determining if air transport is available

Front 1110

Structural integrity of the pelvis is assessed by:

Back 1110

Applying pressure to the iliac crests and pushing in and then down

Front 1111

When troubleshooting a hearing aid that is not working, you should:

Back 1111

avoid attempting to clean the device

Front 1112

Which of the following statements regarding the amniotic sac and fluid is MOST correct?

Back 1112

In the latter stages of pregnancy, the fetus swallows amniotic fluid and passes wastes out into the fluid

Front 1113

You are assessing a 34-year-old woman who reports that she is suffering from temporomandibular joint (TMJ) syndrome, and she has ringing in her ears. The appropriate medical terminology for this symptom is?

Back 1113

tinnitus

Front 1114

After concealing yourself and reassessing your position, you should:

Back 1114

seek adequate cover

Front 1115

Bleeding from a scalp laceration with an underlying skull deformity:

Back 1115

may contribute to hypovolemia in adults

Front 1116

Hypernasality would MOST likely be caused by conditions such as:

Back 1116

cleft palate and enlarged adenoids

Front 1117

The diagnosis of a problem involving the shoulder can often be made by simply:

Back 1117

Simply by noting the patient’s posture at the time of first contact

Front 1118

Which of the following is a potential complication of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?

Back 1118

Ectopic pregnancy

Front 1119

Your paramedic unit is dispatched to a bar fight. Upon arrival, you find the scene has been secured by the police, and you have one patient who was hit in the face. You notice that the patient has considerable bruising under the left eye. You suspect that the floor of the orbit has been fractured. This is a?

Back 1119

blowout fracture

Front 1120

Fertilization of an egg usually occurs in the?

Back 1120

Fallopian tube

Front 1121

In MOST ambulance collisions:

Back 1121

the ambulance was not traveling in the proper lane or the operator was driving with excessive speed

Front 1122

Lower extremity shortening and/or internal or external rotation are findings often associated with:

Back 1122

An injury to the proximal aspects of the lower extremity

Front 1123

When making initial contact with a mentally impaired patient, you should:

Back 1123

have your team members remain at a distance until you can establish a rapport with the patient

Front 1124

You are en route to the hospital with a conscious middle-aged man who experienced trauma to the anterior neck during an assault. He is on supplemental oxygen, has spinal precautions in place, and has a large-bore IV line of normal saline in place. When you obtain a repeat set of vital signs, you note that his blood pressure is 90/64 mmHg, his pulse rate is 120 beats/min, and his respirations are 22 breaths/min with adequate depth. You should:

Back 1124

keep the patient warm and infuse enough isotonic crystalloid solution to maintain adequate perfusion

Front 1125

You respond to a call to a nursing home for a 84-year-old woman who had fallen and was suspected of having a possible cervical spine injury. You notice an exaggerated curve in the lumbar region, which you know must be handled appropriately when backboarding and preparing for transport. The medical term for this condition of the lower back is?

Back 1125

lordosis

Front 1126

Intermittent claudication is MOST accurately defined as:

Back 1126

Cramp-like pain in the lower legs due to poor circulation

Front 1127

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) MOST commonly affects?

Back 1127

Sexually active women

Front 1128

The staging officer is responsible for:

Back 1128

coordinating with all incoming and outgoing ambulances

Front 1129

Upon arriving at the scene of a woman with shortness of breath, you find the patient, a 450-pound woman, lying in her bed. She is conscious and alert, but is experiencing obvious respiratory distress. As you begin your initial assessment, you should ask your partner to:

Back 1129

request lifting assistance

Front 1130

Which of the following bones is part of the cranial vault AND the face?

Back 1130

Ethmoid

Front 1131

A call to a shopping mall finds a man whose foot got caught and twisted while he was walking. The man reports a popping sensation with severe pain in the knee. You suspect that he has most likely sustained injury to the?

Back 1131

medial meniscus

Front 1132

All of the following are examples of real or physical evidence, EXCEPT:

Back 1132

oral documentation by a witness

Front 1133

In addition to massive bleeding, injury to a carotid or vertebral artery would MOST likely cause:

Back 1133

cerebral hypoxia

Front 1134

In general, +3 pitting edema is characterized by indentation of the skin to a depth of:

Back 1134

1/2” - 1”

Front 1135

Pickwickian syndrome is characterized by all of the following except:

Back 1135

anemia

Front 1136

Within a few days after having a therapeutic abortion, a 33-year-old woman presents with malaise, fever, constipation, and pelvic pain. Her blood pressure is124/84 mmHg, pulse rate is 104 beats/min and strong, and respirations are 22 breaths/min and regular. You should be MOST suspicious for?

Back 1136

Endometritis

Front 1137

Your unit is the first to arrive at the scene of a bus crash. As you approach the scene, you see multiple patients, some of them lying on the ground not moving and others walking around in a dazed state. You should:

Back 1137

remain aware of the potential for hazards

Front 1138

A 27-year-old patient with an isolated long bone fracture as the result of a fall starts to develop breathing difficulty and acute chest pain while being transported to the hospital. What do you suspect is the most likely underlying cause?

Back 1138

fat emboli traveled to the lung

Front 1139

Dysarthia is:

Back 1139

the inability to make speech sounds correctly

Front 1140

The MOST clinically significant indicator of ischemia in a limb is:

Back 1140

The loss of a palpable pulse

Front 1141

When managing the airway of an unresponsive patient with serious anterior neck trauma and inadequate breathing, you should:

Back 1141

assist ventilations with a bag-mask device and prepare to intubate

Front 1142

You are assisting in the delivery of a baby. As the infant’s head begins to emerge from the vagina, you should support the head as it turns and then?

Back 1142

Assess for a nuchal cord

Front 1143

Proper documentation of an incident in which a patient was injured during a crime should include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Back 1143

your estimate of when the injury occurred

Front 1144

The ___ are cone-shaped fossae that enclose and protect the eyes.

Back 1144

Orbits

Front 1145

When communicating with an aphasic patient, you should:

Back 1145

use focused questions rather than open-ended questions

Front 1146

Which of the following statements regarding abdominal trauma during pregnancy is MOSt correct?

Back 1146

Use of a lap belt increases the risk of uterine injury

Front 1147

You would MOST likely encounter bilateral dependent edema in a patient with:

Back 1147

1st- heart failure, 2nd- hepatic cirrhosis.

Front 1148

Which of the following is NOT a type of muscle?

Back 1148

connective

Front 1149

An inward curve of the lumbar spine just above the buttocks is called:

Back 1149

Lordosis

Front 1150

Communicating with a hearing-impaired patient would MOST likely be enhanced by:

Back 1150

using one person to ask interview questions

Front 1151

Following exposure to mustard:

Back 1151

the patient experiences a progressive reddening of the affected area, which will gradually develop into large blisters

Front 1152

The hyoid bone:

Back 1152

floats in the superior aspect of the neck just below the mandible

Front 1153

Unlike the prenatal period, the gestational period?

Back 1153

Is 38 weeks in gestation

Front 1154

Smooth muscle carries out much of the automatic work of the body without conscious control of the brain; thus, smooth muscle is what kind of muscle?

Back 1154

involuntary

Front 1155

A diffuse axonal injury (DIA):

Back 1155

involves stretching, shearing, or tearing of the extension of the neuron that conducts electrical impulses away from the cell body.

Front 1156

At its worst, kyphosis can become a source of:

Back 1156

Restrictive airway disease

Front 1157

Unique dangers associated with confined spaces include:

Back 1157

limited ventilation

Front 1158

Which of the following disorders or conditions is related to decreased glycogen stores in the newborn?

Back 1158

small for gestational age

Front 1159

Which of the following statements regarding stuttering is MOST correct?

Back 1159

stuttering often worsens when the person is under stress

Front 1160

Myofilaments have more than one type. Which of the following types is active in muscle contractions and cellular movement?

Back 1160

actin myofilaments

Front 1161

A level 1 material:

Back 1161

would cause irritation on contact but only mild residual injury, even without treatment

Front 1162

Babinski sign, grasping, and sucking sign are:

Back 1162

Primative reflexes - normal in children.

Front 1163

If a knife is impaled in the neck:

Back 1163

a cricothyrotomy may be required to establish a patent airway

Front 1164

Meningococcal meningitis with sepsis is typcially characterized by a/an?

Back 1164

purpuric rash

Front 1165

Which of the following would MOST likely make intubation of a patient with Down syndrome difficult?

Back 1165

small oral cavity

Front 1166

What is the layer of fibrous connective tissue that separates individual muscles called?

Back 1166

fascia

Front 1167

A young man was assaulted and has extensive maxillofacial injuries. Your initial assessment reveals that he is semiconscious, has poor respiratory effort, and has blood draining from the corner of his mouth. Initial management for this patient involves:

Back 1167

manually stabilizing his head in a neutral position, suctioning his oropharynx, and assisting ventilations with a bag-mask device and 100% oxygen

Front 1168

According to the JumpSTART triage system, if an infant or child is not breathing, you should:

Back 1168

immediately assess for a pulse

Front 1169

If a patient is able to sense smell, his or her ___ nerve is intact.

Back 1169

Olfactory

Front 1170

If a vision-impaired patient who owns a service dog is hemodynamically unstable, you should:

Back 1170

take the dog and the patient to the hospital

Front 1171

Which of the following statements regarding fever in children is MOST correct?

Back 1171

fever is generally a sign of underlying illness

Front 1172

The junction between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber is called the?

Back 1172

neuromuscular junction

Front 1173

If a sufficient concentration of a hazardous material mixes with the air and reaches its lower explosive limit:

Back 1173

the material can burn in the air or explode

Front 1174

Pupils that are slow (sluggish) to react to light:

Back 1174

are a sign of cerebral hypoxia

Front 1175

The optic nerve is a ___ nerve, and controls:

Back 1175

Sensory, Light perception and vision.

Front 1176

What is an electrical change in the cell that occurs when it is activated by a stimuli?

Back 1176

action potential

Front 1177

Unlike sinus tachycardia, reentry supraventricular tachycardia in infants is characterized by?

Back 1177

an unvarying pulse rate

Front 1178

You respond to call for a 67-year-old man with respiratory distress. When you arrive, the patient's wife greets you at the door. As she is escorting you to her husband, she tells you that he has myasthenia gravis and type 2 diabetes. As you begin your assessment of the patient, you note that he is responsive to pain only, is breathing at a slow rate with shallow depth, and has perioral cyanosis. You should:

Back 1178

insert a nasopharyngeal airway and assist his ventilations with a bag-mask device

Front 1179

What chemical does the action potential cause to be released from sacroplasmic reticulum?

Back 1179

calcium

Front 1180

A moderate diffuse axonal injury:

Back 1180

produces an immediate loss of consciousness and residual neuorologic deficits when the patient wakes up

Front 1181

If the parent or caregiver of a sick or injured child is emotionally distraught:

Back 1181

provide support, but remember that your first priority is the child

Front 1182

The vestibulocochlear nerve is responsible for the functions of:

Back 1182

Hearing, balance perception.

Front 1183

When communicating with a patient who is hearing impaired, you should:

Back 1183

avoid exaggerated lip movement

Front 1184

Which of the following statements regarding windshield removal is MOST correct?

Back 1184

When the windshield is struck with a center punch, a small break occurs but the structure of the glass remains intact

Front 1185

If a patient is able to shrug his or her shoulders and turn his or her head from left to right, the ___ nerve is likely intact.

Back 1185

Spinal accessory

Front 1186

In contrast to viruses and bacteria, neurotoxins:

Back 1186

are not contagious, but do have a faster onset of symptoms

Front 1187

The parietal lobe of the brain:

Back 1187

controls somatic functions for the contralateral side of the body

Front 1188

Treatment for pediatric asystole includes:

Back 1188

epinephrine

Front 1189

Which of the following statements regarding poliomyelitis (polio) is NOT correct?

Back 1189

any warm-blooded animal can be a host for the poliomyelitis virus

Front 1190

A resting muscle breaks down fatty acids to make?

Back 1190

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Front 1191

A subtle seizure in the newborn is characterized by:

Back 1191

eye deviation

Front 1192

If a patient's trigeminal nerve is intact, he or she should be able to:

Back 1192

Motor:Chew; Sensory:face, sinuses, teeth.(Table 13-2) Check jaw clench; touch both sides of of face at forehead, cheeks, and jaw.

Front 1193

Mental retardation is MOST accurately defined as:

Back 1193

insufficient development of the brain that results in the inability to learn and socially adapt at the usual rate

Front 1194

Open fractures of the cranial vault:

Back 1194

are associated with a high risk of bacterial meningitis

Front 1195

Which of the following pieces of equipment does NOT require calibration?

Back 1195

Stethoscope

Front 1196

What causes an increase in the muscle membrane's permeability, allowing sodium (Na+) ions to diffuse into the cell via special protein ion channels, producing an electrical charge?

Back 1196

acetylcholine

Front 1197

A subdural hematoma is classified as being acute if clinical signs and symptoms develop:

Back 1197

within 24 hours following the injury

Front 1198

Cardiac dysrhythmias in patients with cystic fibrosis are MOST often secondary to:

Back 1198

electrolyte imbalance

Front 1199

During transport of a newborn, timely intervention of acute deterioration is most effectively achieved by?

Back 1199

ongoing observation and frequent assessment

Front 1200

When assessing muscle strength, a score of 5/5 indicates:

Back 1200

A state of normal muscle tone.

Front 1201

When staging at an appropriate distance from the scene until the hazardous materials team arrives to investigate the chemical leaking from an overturned tanker, you should:

Back 1201

check the wind direction periodically and be prepared to relocate

Front 1202

Iron-containing pigment found in red blood cells that carries oxygen in the body is called?

Back 1202

hemoglobin

Front 1203

A ruptured tympanic membrane:

Back 1203

is extremely painful but typically heals spontaneously

Front 1204

The correct positive-pressure ventilation rate for an apneic newborn is?

Back 1204

40 to 60 breaths/min

Front 1205

What is the pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis?

Back 1205

A defective gene that makes it difficult for chloride to move through the cells, which causes unusually high sodium loss and abnormally thick mucus secretions

Front 1206

When scoring a patient's deep tendon reflexes, normally active reflexes would be assigned a score of:

Back 1206

2+ “Active (expected response)”.

Front 1207

Which of the following statements regarding body armor is MOST correct?

Back 1207

Sound survival skills to avoid dangerous situations provide more protection than body armor

Front 1208

Which of the following types of muscle cells are spindle-shaped and have a single nucleus?

Back 1208

smooth

Front 1209

A 19-year-old man with Down syndrome presents with a decreased mental status. According to the patient's mother, this is not normal for him. She further tells you that he had not been feeling well lately and has not had an appetite. As your partner provides appropriate airway management, you should:

Back 1209

assess his blood glucose level

Front 1210

An infant born with a pink body and blue extremities, a pulse rate of 90 beats/min, a strong cry, and active movement, should be assigned an initial Apgar score of?

Back 1210

8

Front 1211

The brachioradialis tendon is located:

Back 1211

Proximal to the wrist.

Front 1212

The respiratory centers of the brain stem lie within the:

Back 1212

pons and medulla

Front 1213

When dispatched to an emergency call, the paramedic must:

Back 1213

decide which route will be used to arrive at the scene safely

Front 1214

Which of the following makes up layers of the digestive, reproductive, and urinary tracts?

Back 1214

visceral smooth muscle

Front 1215

In addition to an IV dextrose bolus, the MOST important treatment for newborn hypoglycemia is?

Back 1215

proper thermal management

Front 1216

In contrast to dementia, delirium is:

Back 1216

More consistent with an acute sudden change in mental status, secondary to some significant underlying aberration.

Front 1217

The crista galli:

Back 1217

is the anatomic point of attachment of the meninges

Front 1218

When establishing intravenous (IV) access in a patient with paralysis to the right side of the body, it would be MOST appropriate to:

Back 1218

establish the IV on the side of the body that is not paralyzed

Front 1219

When landing a helicopter at night, you should:

Back 1219

avoid shining a spotlight up at the descending aircraft

Front 1220

Which type of muscle has the property of intrinsic automaticity?

Back 1220

cardiac

Front 1221

Failure of a child's SaO2 to increase despite high-flow oxygen is MOST indicative of?

Back 1221

congenital heart disease

Front 1222

Following a traumatic brain injury, initial swelling of the brain occurs due to:

Back 1222

cerebral vasodilation

Front 1223

The MOST significant complication associated with dysphagia is:

Back 1223

compromise of the airway

Front 1224

When assessing a hemodynamically stable child, the toe-to-head approach is generally indicated for children who are:

Back 1224

1 to 3 years of age.

Front 1225

Muscles that work together to accomplish a particular movement are called?

Back 1225

synergists

Front 1226

Cardiopulmonary arrest in the pediatric patient?

Back 1226

is most often a secondary event

Front 1227

Proper documentation of your physical examination of a patient is MOST important because it:

Back 1227

Ensures that an accurate historical accounting of the patients problems prior to entering the hospital will legally exist in the formal medical records.

Front 1228

Significant blunt injuries to the larynx or trachea pose an IMMEDIATE risk of:

Back 1228

airway compromise

Front 1229

Spina bifida occurs when:

Back 1229

the fetus's spinal column does not close properly or completely and vertebrae do not develop, leaving a portion of the spinal cord exposed

Front 1230

How many muscles attach to the eyeball, allowing it to rotate within the orbin in many directions?

Back 1230

6

Front 1231

Documentation of your physical examination should be:

Back 1231

When you are recording examination finding’s, note objective signs, pertinent negatives, and other similar relevant information.

Front 1232

How much naloxone should you give to a 6.5-pound newborn with a respiratory depression secondary to maternal narcotic administration?

Back 1232

0.3 mg

Front 1233

Patients with a total laryngectomy would MOST likely present with:

Back 1233

aphonia

Front 1234

Unlike a cerebral concussion, a cerebral contusion is:

Back 1234

associated with physical brain damage and more pronounced neurologic deficits

Front 1235

Which cranial nerve innervates the chewing muscles?

Back 1235

5th

Front 1236

An 8-year-old child:

Back 1236

is anatomically and physiologically similar to an adult

Front 1237

When treating a patient with an ocular injury, what should you do to avoid an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP)?

Back 1237

Discourage the patient from coughing

Front 1238

Which of the following actions will provide the BEST personal protection when caring for a patient on uneven terrain?

Back 1238

take the time to make all lifts and moves safe/controlled

Front 1239

Which of the following statements regarding hearing aids is NOT correct?

Back 1239

properly maintained hearing aids can restore hearing to normal

Front 1240

Which of the following muscles of the posterior thorax does NOT form the first layer of back muscles?

Back 1240

sternocleidomastoid

Front 1241

Which muscle group provides the greatest muscle mass and strength in the back?

Back 1241

longissimus

Front 1242

Obesity is a result of an imbalance between:

Back 1242

food eaten and calories used

Front 1243

The general type of illness a patient is experiencing is called the:

Back 1243

nature of illness (NOI)

Front 1244

When a child who is too young to verbalize is in significant pain:

Back 1244

your ability to assess accurately for physiologic abnormalities is impaired

Front 1245

Which of the following types of skull fracture would be the LEAST likely to present with gross physical signs?

Back 1245

Linear fracture

Front 1246

Which nerve innervates the diaphragm?

Back 1246

phrenic

Front 1247

Common medications used to treat pediatric seizures in the prehospital setting include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Back 1247

Dilantin

Front 1248

Prehospital treatment of the patient with a traumatic brain injury must focus primarily on:

Back 1248

maintaining cerebral perfusion pressure

Front 1249

Progressive deterioration of the myocardium that results in a decreased ejection fraction is called:

Back 1249

cardiomyopathy

Front 1250

Whether your patient's problem is medical or traumatic in origin, you must:

Back 1250

Ask two questions, first “Is my patient sick?” a yes or no answer. Second “How sick is my patient?” attempts to rate the events severity. Answer both within 60-90 sec.

Front 1251

Hand, wrist, and finger movements are mediated by extensor and flexor muscles in the forearm. As a rule, the extensor muscles originate on which aspect of the elbow?

Back 1251

lateral

Front 1252

A young child who falls from a significant height would MOST likely experience?

Back 1252

a traumatic brain injury

Front 1253

Early signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure include:

Back 1253

headache and vomiting

Front 1254

It is MOST important to identify the age and sex of your patient because:

Back 1254

Age can change how a patient presents.

Front 1255

Upon arriving at the scene of a patient receiving home health care and conducting your scene size-up, it is MOST important to remember that:

Back 1255

you must determine that the environment is safe for the patient

Front 1256

All muscles that cause motion of the hand and fingers are innervated by all the following nerves EXCEPT?

Back 1256

axillary

Front 1257

After performing your initial assessment of a patient, your next action should be to:

Back 1257

Do a focused history and physical exam.

Front 1258

Epiglottitis in children:

Back 1258

is rare now that children are vaccinated against Haemophilus influenza type B

Front 1259

The MOST significant complication associated with a full bladder in a patient with spinal cord disruption and paralysis is:

Back 1259

a dangerous elevation in blood pressure

Front 1260

The occipital condyles are the:

Back 1260

points of articulation between the skull and vertebral column

Front 1261

The perineum is ______ in relationship to the coccygeus and levator ani muscles that form the floor of the pelvis.

Back 1261

inferior

Front 1262

The purpose of hospice care is to:

Back 1262

provide quality end-of-life care through pain and symptom management

Front 1263

When assessing an injured patient's mental status, the patient knows his name but is unable to recall the events that preceded the injury. From this, you can conclude that:

Back 1263

This patient is A&O X1 to person and has his long-term memory but his short-term memory has been effected.

Front 1264

Which of the following statements regarding anisocoria is MOST correct?

Back 1264

Anisocoria is a condition in which the pupils are unequal

Front 1265

You have just delivered a little girl that was born 4 weeks premature. There is no evidence of meconium in the amniotic fluid. After drying, warming, suctioning, positioning,and stimulating the infant, she remains acrocyanotic and is not crying. You should:

Back 1265

open her airway and assess respirations

Front 1266

Which of the following is the longest muscle in the body?

Back 1266

sartorius

Front 1267

A newborn is at GREATEST risk for meconium aspiration if he or she:

Back 1267

is born at more than 42 weeks gestation

Front 1268

Swelling of the arm, neck, or shoulder in a patient with a central venous catheter is MOST suggestive of:

Back 1268

catheter thrombosis

Front 1269

Which of the following statements regarding a closed head injury is MOST correct?

Back 1269

In a closed head injury, the dura mater remains intact.

Front 1270

Which of the following terms is MOST descriptive of an abnormal mental status?

Back 1270

GCS of 10 or less

Front 1271

Anatomically and functionally the leg contains four compartments. The Achilles tendon is located in which compartment?

Back 1271

superficial posterior

Front 1272

In contrast to serous exudate, purulent exudate is:

Back 1272

pus that consists of white blood cells and bacteria

Front 1273

Proper treatment for an open wound to the neck includes:

Back 1273

sealing the wound with an occlusive dressing

Front 1274

What is the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of a patient who opens her eyes when you call her name, is confused when she speaks, and points to her area of pain?

Back 1274

3,4,5=12

Front 1275

Which of the following statements regarding acrocyanosis is MOST correct?

Back 1275

Acrocyanosis is cyanosis of the hands and feet, and is a normal finding in infants younger than 2 months of age who are cold.

Front 1276

You are dispatched to a motor vehicle crash that is at the edge of your jurisdiction and the response time is 15 minutes. While en route you receive an update from a first responder on the scene who provided the following information on one of the patients involved. A 36-year-old man was driving an older model car; he claims to have sustained a whiplash and is feeling dizzy, with blurred vision and pain behind the eyeballs. Based on this information, from which direction was this man's car struck?

Back 1276

rear

Front 1277

In contrast to adults, retractions in children are:

Back 1277

more evident in the intercostal area

Front 1278

Patients with an ileostomy:

Back 1278

have a stoma that connects the small intestine to the outside of the abdomen where a collection bag is attached

Front 1279

Sonorous respirations are MOST likely caused by:

Back 1279

“position problem”- likely from the tongue partially obstructing the airway

Front 1280

Vascular injury following trauma to the anterior neck would MOST likely present with:

Back 1280

pulse deficits

Front 1281

You have a patient who has sustained an injury that may have affected the eye. You call medical control to ask about transporting to a hospital that has a specialist to handle this type of injury. You are asked to check extraoccular movements of the eye and report back. Which of the following would you ask the patient to do as part of this examination?

Back 1281

look up and to the right

Front 1282

A responsive patient who is talking or crying:

Back 1282

has an adequate airway

Front 1283

Because significant force is required to fracture the mandible:

Back 1283

it is often fractured in more than one place and is unstable to palpation

Front 1284

Choanal atresia is MOST accurately defined as a:

Back 1284

bony or membranous obstruction of the back of the nose

Front 1285

Unlike a midline venous catheter, a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) can be used for:

Back 1285

long-term fluid therapy

Front 1286

You respond to a local gym, where you find a 37-year-old woman who was playing squash and hurt her leg while stretching for a shot. She reports she is only able to walk flat-footed, stand on the ball of the foot, and cannot do active flexion. You suspect what type of injury?

Back 1286

Achilles tendon rupture

Front 1287

Common side effects of chemotherapy include all of the following EXCEPT:

Back 1287

polycythemia

Front 1288

If manual positioning of a patient's head is required to keep his or her airway open, you should:

Back 1288

you must choose an airway adjunct

Front 1289

What two major nerves provide sensory and motor control to the face?

Back 1289

Facial and trigeminal

Front 1290

When assessing and caring for a 17-year-old gang member, it is MOST important to remember that he or she:

Back 1290

may have a weapon and a reputation to earn

Front 1291

Your paramedic ambulance is dispatched to an industrial park where an 18-year-old male has his arm inside a piece of heavy machinery. The scene is safe, but will take some time to extricate the patient and transport to the trauma center. You are able to inspect the patient's arm before the extrication is complete, and you notice it is pale and cool, and you cannot detect a pulse. You suspect that this patient has what type of injury?

Back 1291

compartment syndrome

Front 1292

In contrast to negative-pressure ventilation, positive-pressure ventilation:

Back 1292

alters the body's hemodynamics by reducing the venous return to the heart

Front 1293

Most children begin to experience stranger anxiety at:

Back 1293

9 months of age

Front 1294

Tidal volume is MOST effectively assessed by:

Back 1294

The book refers back to chapter 11 for an explanation of tidal volume, but the only info that is given, is the average tidal volume for an adult (approx. 500 mL).

Front 1295

You are caring for a man with a chemical burn to both eyes. The patient, who has contact lenses in place, is in severe pain and tells you that he can’t see. Proper care for this patient includes:

Back 1295

carefully removing his contact lenses, flushing both eyes for at least 20 minutes, and transporting with continuous eye irrigation

Front 1296

Upon arriving at the scene of a 4-year-old boy with respiratory distress, you enter the residence and see the child, who is conscious, sitting on his father's lap. The father is aware of your presence, but the child is not. Your inital action should be to?

Back 1296

visually assess the child from across the room for any signs of increased work of breathing

Front 1297

During breathing, the major movement is produced by what type of movement of the diaphragm?

Back 1297

contraction

Front 1298

A chronically ill patient who has been on home oxygen therapy for several years would MOST likely call EMS when:

Back 1298

his or her oxygen demand exceeds the current supply

Front 1299

A patient with a blood pressure of 210/100 mm Hg would be expected to have a pulse that is:

Back 1299

a patient who is hypertensive will produce a pulse that is more forceful than usual

Front 1300

The primary risk associated with oral and dental injuries is:

Back 1300

airway compromise

Front 1301

Diffuse rales, rhonchi, and wheezing in an infant:

Back 1301

are typical signs of lower airway inflammation

Front 1302

Following removal of an ostomy device and cleansing the stoma, you should:

Back 1302

place a clean gauze pad over the stoma

Front 1303

The ___ conducts signals to the brain via the optic nerve and interprets them as vision.

Back 1303

Retina

Front 1304

When the blood vessels supplying the skin are fully dilated, the skin becomes:

Back 1304

Warm and Pink

Front 1305

In smooth muscle, electrochemical signals travel quickly from one cell to another. The numerous conduct areas that interconnect the individual cells are called?

Back 1305

gap junctions

Front 1306

A 4-year-old girl presents with a fever of 103.2F. The child's mother states that the fever came on suddenly and was not preceded by any symptoms. The child is conscious and alert with unlabored tachypnea, tachycardia, and a blood pressure that is consistent with her age. Prehospital treatment for this child includes all of the following, EXCEPT:

Back 1306

81 mg of aspirin

Front 1307

A patient with a loss of peripheral vision MOST likely has damage to the:

Back 1307

retina

Front 1308

An unresponsive patient who has been breathing slowly and shallowly for an extended period of time would MOST likely have ___skin.

Back 1308

“dusky gray or blue (cyanosis)”

Front 1309

Once you have arrived at the residence of a patient who receives home health care from his or her family:

Back 1309

the law requires you to assume responsibility for care of the patient

Front 1310

The heart lies in a space between the lungs called the?

Back 1310

mediastinum

Front 1311

Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system causes:

Back 1311

Sweating

Front 1312

The MOST common reasons for ineffective bag-mask ventilations in the newborn are:

Back 1312

inadequate mask-to-face seal and incorrect head position

Front 1313

When assessing the severity of a traumatic brain injury, the single most important assessment parameter is the patient’s:

Back 1313

level of consciousness

Front 1314

You are assessing a 70-year-old man with terminal cancer who is on home oxygen therapy. The patient is conscious and complains of severe generalized pain. His blood pressure is 108/68 mmHg, his pulse rate is 100 beats/min, and his respirations are 22 breaths/min. The patient's caregiver, a registered nurse, presents you with a valid out-of-hospital no not resuscitate order. On the basis of this document, you should:

Back 1314

administer analgesia for pain relief and determine if the patient wishes to be transported to the hospital

Front 1315

The heart muscle is referred to as the?

Back 1315

myocardium

Front 1316

The body's reaction to increased internal or external temperature would MOST likely cause the skin to become:

Back 1316

Hot and moist

Front 1317

The MOST disastrous consequence of a severe traumatic brain injury is:

Back 1317

a decrease in cerebral perfusion pressure

Front 1318

Which of the following statements regarding the Apgar score is MOST correct?

Back 1318

If resuscitation is necessary, the Apgar score is completed to determine the result of the resuscitation

Front 1319

You are dispatched to a residence for an elderly woman with a decreased level of consciousness. When you arrive, the patient's caregiver tells you that the patient has Alzheimer's disease and was lucid 30 minutes earleir. Now, the patient responds only to painful stimuli. You should:

Back 1319

administer high-flow oxygen as your partner assess the patient's blood glucose level

Front 1320

Blood enters the right atrium of the heart from three major sources. Which of the following is NOT one of the blood sources for the right atrium?

Back 1320

mitral valve

Front 1321

A patient in shock due to internal bleeding will benefit MOST from:

Back 1321

limited scene time and rapid transport

Front 1322

A terminally ill patient with a valid do not resuscitate order would most likely NOT receive:

Back 1322

epinephrine

Front 1323

Death following a head injury is almost always the result of:

Back 1323

trauma to the brain

Front 1324

When dealing with the caregivers of an infant who died suddenly, you should:

Back 1324

find out the infant's name and use it

Front 1325

The depression between the right & left atrium is called the?

Back 1325

fossa ovalis

Front 1326

For a responsive patient with a medical complaint, you will MOST likely form your working diagnosis based on information gathered during the:

Back 1326

history-taking process

Front 1327

The MOST likely cause of shock in a patient with an indwelling urinary catheter is:

Back 1327

urosepsis

Front 1328

What portion of the eye may become icteric in patients with hepatitis?

Back 1328

Sclera

Front 1329

You have been providing bag-mask ventilation to a newborn with a sustained heart rate of 75 beats/min for approximately 5 minutes. The infant's abdomen is markedly distended. Although you are properly trained, your protocols do not allow you to intubate newborns. The MOST appropriate intervention involves:

Back 1329

inserting an orogastric tube

Front 1330

Which valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle?

Back 1330

tricuspid

Front 1331

Open soft-tissue facial trauma following a significant mechanism of injury:

Back 1331

suggests that the patient may have a closed head injury or spinal injury

Front 1332

The history of present illness is MOST accurately described as:

Back 1332

information about the chief complaint, obtained using the OPQRST mnemonic

Front 1333

The risk of newborn complications is HIGHEST if the amniotic sac:

Back 1333

ruptured more than 24 hours before the time of birth

Front 1334

Which of the following statements regarding infection in immunocompromised patients is MOST correct?

Back 1334

fever is often the only sign of infection in the immunocompromised patient

Front 1335

The semilunar valves separate the heart from the?

Back 1335

aorta and pulmonary artery

Front 1336

A male patient with a closed head injury opens his eyes in response to pain, makes incomprehensible sounds, and responds to pain with flexion of his arms. His Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score is ___, and the MOST appropriate treatment for him involves:

Back 1336

7; intubation, ventilations performed at a rate of 10 breaths/min, IV fluids as needed to maintain a systolic BP of at least 90 mmHg, and maintaining his oxygen saturation at greater than 95%

Front 1337

After moving a bedridden 80-year-old man from his bed to your stretcher, you note an open wound to his lower back. Assessment of the wound reveals that it is red, inflamed, and is draining purulent exudate. The patient has a fever and chills, and complains of moderate pain to the wound. You should:

Back 1337

cover the wound with a sterile dressing, make the patient comfortable, and transport him while providing reassurance en route

Front 1338

Bradyarrhythmias in children MOST often occur secondary to:

Back 1338

severe bradycardia

Front 1339

The focused physical exam of a patient is guided by:

Back 1339

information you gathered during the initial assessment and history-taking phase.

Front 1340

Freshly oxygenated blood is returned to the heart through the?

Back 1340

pulmonary veins

Front 1341

If a newborn does not respond to the initial steps of resuscitation, the need for further intervention is based upon:

Back 1341

respiratory effort, pulse rate, and color

Front 1342

Lung fields with areas of consolidation are MOST suggestive of:

Back 1342

pneumonia

Front 1343

Prior to replacing an ostomy device in a patient, it is MOST important to:

Back 1343

wash your hands and take appropriate BSI precautions

Front 1344

The galea aponeurotica is:

Back 1344

a tendon expansion that connects the frontal and occipital muscles of the cranium

Front 1345

The S2 heart sound is caused by?

Back 1345

closure of pulmonic and aortic valves

Front 1346

During the delivery of a post-term baby, you note the presence of particulate meconium in the amniotic fluid. Your post-delivery assessment of the newborn reveals that it is active, has a strong cry, and has a heart rate of 110 beats/min. You should:

Back 1346

ensure that the infant is warm and dry, administer free-flow oxygen if needed, and provide continuous monitoring

Front 1347

Several attempts to clear a plugged tracheostomy tube with suction have failed. The patient, who is on a mechanical ventilator, has a pulse rate of 150 beats/min and is making exaggerated attempts to breathe. You should:

Back 1347

remove the tracheostomy tube, place a mask over the stoma, and ventilate with a bag-mask device

Front 1348

The presence of rales during auscultation of the chest indicates all of the following conditions:

Back 1348

pulmonary edema, heart failure, toxic inhalation, submersion.

Front 1349

Which of the following statements regarding the hypothalamus is MOST correct?

Back 1349

The hypothalamus is the most inferior portion of the diencephalon and controls functions such as hunger, sleep, and vomiting.

Front 1350

A whoosing sound that indicated chaotic blood flow in a major blood vessel is called a?

Back 1350

bruit

Front 1351

A flattened appearance to the face and loss of sensation over the chest following blunt facial trauma is MOST indicative of a/an:

Back 1351

zygomatic fracture

Front 1352

Diffuse pain caused by hollow organ obstruction and stretching of the smooth muscle wall is called ___ pain.

Back 1352

visceral

Front 1353

Epinephrine is indicated during newborn resuscitation if:

Back 1353

the heart rate remains below 60 beats/min after 30 seconds of effective ventilation and an additional 30 seconds of chest compressions

Front 1354

You are transporting a 49-year-old man to the hospital for evaluation of a new onset of fever. The patient has renal carcinoma, is being treated with chemotherapy, and has a central venous access device in place. The patient is conscious, but complains of fatigue, slight nausea, and a decreased appetite. During transport, it is MOST important for you to:

Back 1354

apply a mask on the patient to minimize his risk for infection

Front 1355

The sinoatrial (SA) node is located where in the heart?

Back 1355

high in the right atrium

Front 1356

In contrast to a complex febrile seizure, a simple febrile seizure:

Back 1356

lasts less than 15 minutes and occurs in children without underlying neurologic abnormalities

Front 1357

What portion of the brain stem is responsible for maintenance of consciousness, specifically one’s level of arousal?

Back 1357

Reticular activating system

Front 1358

What type of pain has its origin in a particular location, but is described by the patient as pain in a different location?

Back 1358

Referred pain

Front 1359

When suctioning and cleaning the tracheostomy of a ventilator-dependent patient, it is MOST important to:

Back 1359

keep the patient well-oxygenated

Front 1360

The ability of cardiac cells to respond to electrical impulses is referred to as the property of?

Back 1360

excitability

Front 1361

A patient is generally considered to have orthostatic vital signs (a positive tilt test) when:

Back 1361

the patient’s blood pressure shows a decrease in systolic pressure (up to 20mmHg), an increase in diastolic pressure of 10mmHg (a narrowing pulse pressure), and an increase on the heart rate by 20 beats/min.

Front 1362

Appropriate treatment for a conscious child with anaphylaxis includes:

Back 1362

0.01 mg/kg epinephrine 1:1,000 IM

Front 1363

Signs and symptoms of retinal detachment include:

Back 1363

flashing lights, specks or floaters in the field of vision

Front 1364

When caring for a patient who has a central venous access device, you should:

Back 1364

avoid taking a blood pressure on the arm with the access device

Front 1365

The regulation of the heart's rate of contraction is called?

Back 1365

chronotropic state

Front 1366

The MOST reliable means of attempting to determine an unresponsive medical patient's problem is:

Back 1366

you must rely on a thorough head-to-toe physical examination plus the normal diagnostic tools

Front 1367

The ONLY indication for removing contact lenses in the prehospital setting is:

Back 1367

chemical eye burns

Front 1368

The single MOST common cause of seizures in both term and preterm infants is:

Back 1368

hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy

Front 1369

What should you do prior to inserting an indwelling urinary catheter if a home health patient has sensation in the penile area?

Back 1369

coat the end of the catheter with an anesthetic gel

Front 1370

The _____ sense the pressure in the heart or arteries.

Back 1370

baroreceptors

Front 1371

A 39-year-old man crashed his vehicle into a wooded area and was not found for approximately 8 hours. When you arrive at the scene and assess him, you note that he is conscious but anxious. He is unable to feel or move below his mid-thoracic area and complains of a severe headache. His blood pressure is 210/130 mmHg, heart rate is 48 beats/min, and respirations are 22 breaths/min. This patient’s clinical presentation is MOST consistent with:

Back 1371

autonomic dysreflexia

Front 1372

Common causes of a large bowel obstruction include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Back 1372

improperly dissolved medications

Front 1373

Serial vital signs:

Back 1373

(second and additional sets) provide comparative data to help you evaluate whether the patient’s condition is improving, status quo, or worsening

Front 1374

You are assessing a 7-month-old infant who presents with listlessness, pallor, and increased work of breathing. The infant's mother tells you that the child was born 2 months premature and was in the neonatal intensive care unit for 3 weeks. She denies any recent vomiting, diarrhea, or fever. The infant's oxygen saturation is 89% and does not improve with supplemental oxygen. Her heart rate is rapid and weak and does not vary with activity. When you apply the cardiac monitor, you will MOST likely encounter a:

Back 1374

narrow QRS complex rhythm with absent P waves and a heart rate greater than 220 beats/min

Front 1375

The ______ effect occurs when certain receptors in the heart are stimulated, resulting in vasoconstriction.

Back 1375

alpha

Front 1376

A motorcycle or football helmet should be removed if:

Back 1376

the patient is breathing shallowly and access to the airway is difficult

Front 1377

Early hypoxia in a child would MOST likely present with:

Back 1377

tachycardia

Front 1378

Which of the following mechanisms of injury would be the LEAST likely to cause life-threatening injuries?

Back 1378

HIGH POTENTIAL: ejection from any vehicle (car, motorcycle, or all-terrain vehicle), death of another patient in the same passenger compartment, falls from more than 20’ (or 3x the patient’s height), vehicle rollover (unrestraintd occupant), high-speed motor vehicle crash, vehicle-pedestrian collision, motorcycle crash, or penetrating wounds to the head, chest or abdomen

Front 1379

Which of the following statements regarding central venous access devices is MOST correct?

Back 1379

flushing the device with heparin may cause heparin-induced thrombocytopenia

Front 1380

There are three positively charged ions responsible for initiating and conducting electrical signals in the heart. Which of the following is NOT one of these ions?

Back 1380

Magnesium (Mg2+)

Front 1381

A compression or burst fracture of the cervical spine would MOST likely occur following:

Back 1381

a significant fall in which the patient lands head first

Front 1382

Which of the following conditions would MOST likely result in dementia?

Back 1382

Alzheimer's disease

Front 1383

Which of the following significant mechanisms of injury is unique to the infant and child?

Back 1383

falls from more than 10’, a bicycle collision, or being struck by a vehicle

Front 1384

You are assisting in the delivery of a baby. After the baby's bead emerges from the vagina, you should quickly assess for the presence of a nuchal cord and then:

Back 1384

suction its mouth and nose

Front 1385

The process energy is _____ with the sodium-potassium pump.

Back 1385

expended

Front 1386

A 9-year-old, 55-pould girl presents with generalized hives, marked facial swelling, and loud inspiratory stridor. She is conscious, but appears sleepy. You can MOST rapidly improve the child's condition by:

Back 1386

administering 0.25 mg of epinephrine intramuscularly

Front 1387

A deformed steering wheel in conjunction with a deployed airbag indicates that the:

Back 1387

seatbelt was not used (up-and-over collision, another source of life threatening internal injuries.)

Front 1388

A skier wiped out while skiing down a large hill. He is conscious and alert and complains of being very cold; he also complains of neck stiffness and numbness and tingling in all of his extremities. A quick assessment reveals that his airway is patent and his breathing is adequate. You should:

Back 1388

immobilize his spine and quickly move him to a warmer environment

Front 1389

Indwelling urinary catheters predispose the patient to urinary tract infections because:

Back 1389

the catheter keeps the bladder sphincter open and provides a continuous route of entry for bacteria

Front 1390

The resting cell normally has a net negative charge with respect to the outside of the cell. What is this state called?

Back 1390

polarized state

Front 1391

An unresponsive trauma patient:

Back 1391

considered a high-risk, priority patient and requires immediate xport to a trauma center. (may have traumatic brain injury, stroke, hypoglycemia, or alcohol or drug intoxication)

Front 1392

Delirium in the chronically ill patient:

Back 1392

is an acute alteration in mentation that is often reversible

Front 1393

Herniation of an intervertebral disc occurs when:

Back 1393

stress on the vertebral column forces a disc into the spinal canal

Front 1394

The MOST appropriate vagal maneuver for an infant involves:

Back 1394

holding ice packs firmly to the face

Front 1395

In the early phase of repolarization, the cell contains a large concentration of ions such that it cannot be stimulated to depolarize. What is the period called?

Back 1395

absolute refractory period

Front 1396

A 13-year-old, 40-pound girl is experiencing an acute asthma attack that has been unresponsive to 3 puffs of her albuterol inhaler. She is conscious and alert, but is notably dyspneic and has diffuse wheezing. In addition to administering supplemental oxygen, you should:

Back 1396

give her 0.5 mg of nebulized ipratropium

Front 1397

The rapid trauma assessment is usually performed:

Back 1397

after the initial assessment and all life threats to airway, breathing, and circulation have been identified and addressed.

Front 1398

When urine becomes evident in the tubing during insertion of an indwelling urinary catheter in a male, you should:

Back 1398

continue inserting the catheter until the Y between the drainage port and the balloon port is at the tip of the penis

Front 1399

You would MOST likely have to place several blankets or pillows under a patient’s upper back prior to immobilization if he or she has:

Back 1399

kyphosis

Front 1400

The QRS complex of an ECG represents depolarization of what part of the heart?

Back 1400

ventricles

Front 1401

A patient with diaphragmatic breathing without intercostal muscle use has MOST likely experienced a spinal injury above the level of:

Back 1401

T-2

Front 1402

The recommended IV dose and concentration of epinephrine for the newborn is:

Back 1402

0.1 to 0.3 mL/kg; 1:10,000

Front 1403

When performing a rapid trauma assessment on a critically injured patient, it is MOST important to remember that:

Back 1403

the most visible or painful injury may not be as serious as the most lethal injury (i.e., ruptured spleen), because its the least visible and painful.

Front 1404

While you are drawing blood for lab analysis from an implanted venous access device, your 77-year-old male patient becomes acutely dyspneic and complains of chest pain. You should:

Back 1404

administer high-flow oxygen, place the patient on his left side, and transport immediately

Front 1405

The pumping of blood into the systemic and pulmonary circulation during ventricular contraction is known as?

Back 1405

systole

Front 1406

An oropharyngeal airway would MOST likely be indicated for a newborn with:

Back 1406

Pierre Robin sequence

Front 1407

If a chronically ill patient who is connected to a variety of medical devices experiences an acute exacerbation of his or her condition, you should:

Back 1407

consider that the problem may be the result of medical equipment failure

Front 1408

The spine:

Back 1408

is a major structural component of the axial skeleton

Front 1409

Upon completing your rapid assessment of an unresponsive trauma patient's head and neck, you should next:

Back 1409

examine your gloves for signs of bleeding, and place a properly sized rigid cervical collar

Front 1410

The pressure in the aorta against which the left ventricle must pump blood is called?

Back 1410

afterload

Front 1411

A difference in pulse quality from one lower extremity to the other:

Back 1411

points to a potentially serious vascular disruption

Front 1412

In addition to the supporting muscles and ligaments found in the vertebral column, the thoracic spine is further stabilized by the:

Back 1412

rib attachments

Front 1413

In contrast to an ureterostomy, a suprapubic catheter:

Back 1413

allows the ureters to remain intact and continue to drain into the bladder

Front 1414

What type of seizure is MOST common in premature infants?

Back 1414

tonic seizure

Front 1415

The percentage of blood returned to the right atrium that is pumped out of the heart during systole is called?

Back 1415

ejection fraction

Front 1416

The MOST significant long-term problem encountered in patients with a degernative neuromuscular disease is:

Back 1416

hypovolemia

Front 1417

When assessing a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score to a patient who has limb paralysis due to a spinal cord injury, you should:

Back 1417

ask the patient to blink or move a facial muscle

Front 1418

Which of the following is NOT a component of the Apgar score?

Back 1418

reflexes

Front 1419

Which of the following tasks should you assign to another provider as you perform a rapid trauma assessment while your partner maintains c-spine control and manages the patient's airway?

Back 1419

vital signs

Front 1420

The smooth, thin, inner lining of the wall of a blood vessel is called?

Back 1420

tunica intima

Front 1421

In which of the following cases would a newborn probably NOT be discharged home with an apnea monitor?

Back 1421

the infant was born at 36 weeks gestation

Front 1422

Upon arriving at the scene of a 4-year-old girl who is ill, you assess her and note that she is tachypneic and tachycardic. Her skin is warm and moist and there are no signs of increased work of breathing. The child's mother denies any vomiting or diarrhea. This child's tachycardia and tachypnea is MOST likely the the result of:

Back 1422

fever and anxiety

Front 1423

The circumflex coronary artery is a branch of which coronary artery?

Back 1423

left coronary artery

Front 1424

When assessing the head and face during the detailed physical exam, you should:

Back 1424

Inspect and feel the entire cranium for signs of deformity or Asymmetry. (note any warm, wet areas, usually represent blood/CSF or combination)

Front 1425

When moving an injured patient from the ground onto a long backboard, it is generally preferred that you:

Back 1425

use the four-person log roll technique

Front 1426

Which of the following major arteries does NOT arise from the aortic arch?

Back 1426

ascending aorta

Front 1427

The anterior weight bearing structure of the vertrebra is the:

Back 1427

vertebral body

Front 1428

Unlike a CPAP unit, a mechanical home ventilator:

Back 1428

can be set to deliver a specified tidal volume

Front 1429

When assessing a trauma patient's chest, you should remember that:

Back 1429

Couldn’t find a definitive answer, just the usual equal rise and fall/symmetry. And lung sounds in a least 6 fields.

Front 1430

While preparing equipment for newborn resuscitation, which of the following equipment is NOT considered optional?

Back 1430

endotracheal tubes

Front 1431

The internal carotid arteries, together with vertebral arteries, supply blood to where?

Back 1431

brain

Front 1432

An unconscious trauma patient whose head and neck are passively rotated to one side:

Back 1432

should be maintained in this position unless breathing is compromised

Front 1433

During the detailed physical exam of a trauma patient with a significant cardiac history, you should:

Back 1433

Acquire a 12 lead ECG (If you have time For all Pt w/cardiac history at least run a 3 lead.)

Front 1434

To minimize the risk of regurgitation and aspiration in a patient with a gastric tube in place, you should:

Back 1434

position the patient upright, at least to 30 degrees

Front 1435

You are dispatched to a daycare center for a 5-year-old girl with trouble breathing. Upon arriving at the scene, you assess the child and note that she is responsive to pain only, has weak intercostal retractions, and is breathing at a slow rate with shallow depth. You should:

Back 1435

begin assisting her ventilations with a bag-mask device and assess her pulse rate

Front 1436

Which artery supplies blood to the pons and the cerebellum?

Back 1436

basilar

Front 1437

Bruising in the periumbilical area is indicative of:

Back 1437

Cullen’s sign (indicative of intraperitoneal hemorrhage) Common causes are ruptured ectopic pregnancy and acute pancreatitis.

Front 1438

Patients with evidence of trauma above the ___ should be considered at risk for an associated spine injury.

Back 1438

Clavicles

Front 1439

The MOST common etiology for bradycardia in a neonate is:

Back 1439

severe hypoxia

Front 1440

The purpose of an oxygen concentrator is to:

Back 1440

concentrate the oxygen in ambient air and eliminate other gases

Front 1441

What artery is immediately distal to the femoral artery?

Back 1441

popliteal

Front 1442

A positive Babinski reflex is observed when the:

Back 1442

toes move upward in response to stimulation of the sole of the foot

Front 1443

Pain receptors are found in all the following locations, EXCEPT the:

Back 1443

brain

Front 1444

Vascular compromise in a lower extremity is characterized by:

Back 1444

This doesn’t make a lot of sense but its what i found in the book(pg 14.28 Bottom right paragraph) A significant variation in pulse strength in one extremity, especially when associated with pallor or cyanosis.

Front 1445

You and your partner are caring for a 5-pould distressed newborn. After providing 30 seconds of effective bag-mask ventilations, the newborn's heart rate remains below 60 beats/min. You should:

Back 1445

try tactile stimulation as you continue bag-mask ventilations

Front 1446

The external jugular vein and internal jugular vein join where?

Back 1446

base of the neck

Front 1447

A patient with dysarthria has:

Back 1447

garbled or slurred speech.

Front 1448

If methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) is administered to a patient with a spinal cord injury, it should be given:

Back 1448

less then 3 hours after the injury

Front 1449

When a patient is receiving treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), he or she:

Back 1449

typically finds it difficult to exhale completely

Front 1450

You and your partner are caring for a child with stable supraventricular tachycardia that was refractory to initial treatment. As your partner is preparing to establish vascular access, the child's level of consciousness decreases markedly. You reassess the child and note that his femoral pulse is rapid and weak. You should:

Back 1450

perform immediate synchronized cardioversion and reassess

Front 1451

What is the longest vein in the body?

Back 1451

saphenous

Front 1452

A shift of heart tones and severe respiratory distress despite positive-pressure ventilations is MOST indicative of:

Back 1452

a pneumothorax

Front 1453

During a 20-minute transport of a critical patient, you should make a concerted effort to perform an ongoing assessment ___ times.

Back 1453

4

Front 1454

What spinal nerve tract carries information regarding pain and temperature?

Back 1454

Lateral spinothalamic

Front 1455

You respond to a residence for a 76-year-old woman who is ill. When you arrive, you find the patient in a hospital bed in her living room. She is responsive to pain only and has hot, moist skin. The patient has an indwelling urinary catheter in place, and the urine collection bag is empty. The patient's caretaker tells you that the patient has numerous medical problems and hands you an extensive list of medications. The patient's blood pressure is 80/48 mmHg, her pulse rate is 104 beats/min and irregular, and her respirations are 24 breaths/min and shallow. You should be MOST suspicious for:

Back 1455

septic shock

Front 1456

The human adult (male) body contains approximately how many mL/kg of blood?

Back 1456

70

Front 1457

Modification of your physical examination of a patient with a suspected spinal cord injury following a two-car motor vehicle crash is based on all of the following factors, EXCEPT:

Back 1457

injuries to patients in the other vehicle

Front 1458

The purpose of the wafer that is included in an ostomy kit is to:

Back 1458

protect the skin from irritation

Front 1459

When performing chest compressions on a newborn, you should:

Back 1459

compress the chest one third the anteroposterior depth of the chest

Front 1460

Which of the following assessment findings is MOST significant in a patient with penetrating chest trauma?

Back 1460

Beck’s triad.

Front 1461

What is the primary function of white blood cells?

Back 1461

fight infection

Front 1462

After gathering information from the patient, scene, and any bystanders, you must next:

Back 1462

evaluate the info

Front 1463

Proprioception is MOST accurately defined as:

Back 1463

the ability to perceive the position and movement of one’s body

Front 1464

Which of the following statements regarding bronchiolitis is MOST correct?

Back 1464

bronchiolitis is a viral infection of the lower airway that commonly affects infants and children younger than 2 years of age

Front 1465

You are caring for chronically-ill 63-year-old woman who has a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) line in her left forearm. The patient, who has a history of cancer and severe osteoporosis, is showing signs of severe dehydration. Her blood pressure is 76/56 mmHg, pulse rate is 120 beats/min and weak, and respirations are 24 breaths/min and regular. To improve this patient's hemodynamic status, you should:

Back 1465

establish peripheral vascular access in another location and administer crystalloid fluid boluses

Front 1466

You respond to a report of a sick 6-year-old boy. Upon arrival the mother tells you that he has been sick with flu-like symptoms for two days, with vomiting, diarrhea, and poor oral intake. As part of the assessment you obtain a set of vital signs and determine the child is tachycardic. Which of the following might account for this finding?

Back 1466

release of epinephrine

Front 1467

A 40-year-old unrestrained man was ejected from his small truck when it struck a tree. He patient is found approximately 20 feet from the wreckage. Your initial actions should include:

Back 1467

manually stabilizing his head and opening his airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver.

Front 1468

Early distributive shock in children is characterized by:

Back 1468

warm, flushed skin

Front 1469

If you are unable to aspirate blood from a central venous catheter:

Back 1469

you should suspect catheter occlusion

Front 1470

Synthesizing information about a patient with multiple medical conditions involves:

Back 1470

assessing each condition for it’s potential to have life threatening impact

Front 1471

It is a very cold day and you have been called to transport a person who has been attending an outdoor winter festival. Reportedly, the patient's fingers developed spasms. While conducting your examination in the back of the ambulance, you observe that the fingertips are white. You continue with your assessment, take a set of vital signs, and a SAMPLE history, all of which takes about 5-10 minutes. You then focus on the fingers and notice the color is returning and the spasms have subsided. What is the MOST likely reason for this reaction?

Back 1471

Raynaud's phenomenon

Front 1472

The care plan that you implement based on your working field diagnosis of a patient is almost always defined by:

Back 1472

the protocols/standing orders of your EMS system

Front 1473

When evaluating a child's oxygen saturation level with a pulse oximeter:

Back 1473

it should be evaluated in the context of the pediatric assessment triangle and remainder of the inital assessment

Front 1474

When performing a cranial nerve assessment of a patient with a suspected spinal injury, you note that the patient’s pupil is constricted and the upper eyelid droops. This indicates an injury to:

Back 1474

C3

Front 1475

Which of the following interventions is especially important when caring for a patient with a tracheostomy tube?

Back 1475

suctioning

Front 1476

You respond to a residence, where you find a 55-year-old male who is having significant trouble breathing; his left leg is swollen, warm and tender. While getting a history you find out that he has just returned from a trip to Asia and has been traveling by plane for the last day and a half. What do you think this patient has developed?

Back 1476

pulmonary embolism

Front 1477

Before drawing blood from a central venous catheter, you should:

Back 1477

aspirate 5 mL of blood and discard it safely

Front 1478

Protocols, or standing orders, specify the paramedic's performance parameters, which:

Back 1478

Define what a paramedic can do offline and when they must call medical control.

Front 1479

Respiratory distress in a premature infant is MOST often the result of:

Back 1479

surfactant deficiency

Front 1480

When immobilizing a sitting patient with a vest-type extrication device, you should manually stabilize his or her head and then:

Back 1480

assess distal pulse and sensory and motor fuctions

Front 1481

You are on the scene of a patient who appears very ill. You are told that he has "liver disease" and needs to be transported to the hospital. During your assessment, you observe the eyes and the skin are jaundiced. The jaundice is the result of what waste product from the hemoglobin?

Back 1481

bilirubin

Front 1482

A 21-year-old woman was thrown from a horse and landed on her head. Upon arrival at the scene, you find the patient lying supine. She is conscious and has her head turned to the side. As you attempt to move her head to a neutral in-line position, she screams in pain. You should:

Back 1482

maintain her head in the position found and continue with your assessment

Front 1483

A delay in clamping the umbilical and keeping the baby below the level of the placenta can result in fetal:

Back 1483

polycythemia

Front 1484

According to the Haddon matrix framework:

Back 1484

injuries occur in a certain time sequence

Front 1485

The main disadvantage of patient care algorithms is that they:

Back 1485

Only address classic patient care presentations, frequently don’t address vague patient complaints or address patients with multiple disease etiologies and patients who require multiple treatment modalities.

Front 1486

You are on a call to a residence where a 43-year-old male patient was working in his woodworking shop. He cut two fingers of his left hand, the ring finger and the little finger. The lacerations are deep and you believe that all arteries in both fingers have been cut. How many arteries would have been lacerated?

Back 1486

4

Front 1487

An injured patient’s head should be secured to the long backboard only after:

Back 1487

his or her torso has been secured adequately

Front 1488

If a patient's clinical presentation is not addressed in a specific algorithm, the paramedic must:

Back 1488

Figure out what you should do in your patients best interest.

Front 1489

Unlike the insertion of an indwelling urinary catheter, insertion of an intermittent (straight) urinary catheter:

Back 1489

does not involve inflation of a balloon to hold the catheter in place

Front 1490

Which of the following statements regarding fever in the newborn is MOST correct?

Back 1490

fever may not always be a presenting feature in newborns with an infection

Front 1491

How is cardiac output of the heart expressed?

Back 1491

liters per minute

Front 1492

Documenting difficulties such as darkness, limited access, and unruly crowds that you encounter while caring for a patient is MOST important because it:

Back 1492

will help to justify your decisions made for patient care

Front 1493

Hypotension that is associated with neurogenic shock is the result of:

Back 1493

loss of alpha receptor stimulation

Front 1494

The female urinary meatus is located:

Back 1494

just above the vaginal opening

Front 1495

You are transporting anewborn who requires ongoing ventilatory support and chest compressions for severe bradycardia. Your estimated time of arrival at the hospital is 45 minutes. Air medical transport was unavailable due to severe weather in the vicinity. A peripheral IV line has been established in the antecubital vein and you are in the process of attempting intubation. Approximately 10 seconds into your intubation attempt, the newborn's heart rate suddenly drops more. You should?

Back 1495

abort the intubation attempt and continue ventilations

Front 1496

You respond to a patient whose chief complaint of intestinal pain that is described as cramping. When taking the SAMPLE history, you determine that she finished her dinner a short time ago. The patient also reports a history of atherosclerosis. You suspect that this patient has a life-threatening condition known as?

Back 1496

mesenteric infarct

Front 1497

In order to be a competent and effective paramedic, it is MOST important for you to:

Back 1497

be able to work under extreme pressure and be able to perform both quickly and effectively

Front 1498

In which of the following situations would a newborn MOST likely experience a seizure?

Back 1498

34 weeks' gestation

Front 1499

The main disadvantage of using a scoop stretcher to transfer a patient to the long backboard is:

Back 1499

inability to conduct a visual exam of the back for injuries

Front 1500

An S3 heart sound is?

Back 1500

soft and low pitched

Front 1501

Once you determine that your patient is sick, you must next:

Back 1501

“you must further be able to quantify how sick are they”

Front 1502

What dose and concentration of glucose would be MOST appropriate for a 6-pound hypoglycemic newborn?

Back 1502

5.5 mL of 10% dextrose (D10)

Front 1503

When performing the standing takedown technique to immobilize a patient’s spine, the patient is secured to the long backboard with straps:

Back 1503

after he or she is lowered to the ground

Front 1504

The lateral wall of the nasopharynx contains how many bony ridges (conchae)?

Back 1504

3

Front 1505

To evaluate function of an infant's or child's cerebral cortex, you should:

Back 1505

use the AVPU scale

Front 1506

Upon arriving at the scene of a motor vehicle crash, you find the driver of the car still seated in her two-door vehicle. The passenger side of the vehicle has sustained severe damage and is inaccessible. The driver is conscious and alert and complains only of lower back pain. The backseat passenger, a young child who was unrestrained, is bleeding from the head and appears to be unconscious. You should:

Back 1506

rapidly extricate the driver so you can gain quick access to the child in the backseat

Front 1507

Which of the following conditions or situations is the BEST example of a critical life threat that needs immediate care?

Back 1507

Major multisystems trauma, devastating single-systems trauma, end-stage disease presentations, acute presentation of chronic conditions

Front 1508

Which disease is the result of destruction of alveolar walls?

Back 1508

emphysema

Front 1509

Causes of delayed fetal transition include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Back 1509

birth at 41 weeks

Front 1510

In EMS, the process of concept formation involves:

Back 1510

Gathering information - things you see, hear, smell, or feel.

Front 1511

What spinal cord injury is characterized by motor loss on the same side as the injury, but below the lesion:

Back 1511

Brown-Sequard syndrome

Front 1512

Vestibular folds are also called?

Back 1512

false vocal cords

Front 1513

If a newborn requires epinephrine and peripheral venous access is unsuccessful, you should:

Back 1513

cannulate the umbilical vein

Front 1514

Knowledge of anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology are MOST important during the ___stage of critical thinking.

Back 1514

Data Interpretation

Front 1515

The only area of the spine that allows for significant rotation is:

Back 1515

C1-C2

Front 1516

You and your partner are on the scene of a cardiac arrest and have intubated the patient. As part of the protocol, capnography is being performed. While monitoring the patient your partner tells you that the CO2 reading is elevated. You expect which of the following has occurred?

Back 1516

primary repiratory acidosis

Front 1517

Comments such as “I can't believe you called EMS for this!”:

Back 1517

Show a lack of interest in providing the best care possible.

Front 1518

If hypovolemia is suspected or confirmed, you should administer ___ mL of normal saline to a 6-pould newborn over a period of:

Back 1518

27, 5 to 10 minutes

Front 1519

Which of the following statements regarding central cord syndrome is MOST correct?

Back 1519

The patient typically presents with greater loss of function in the upper extremities than in the lower extremities

Front 1520

The process of moving air in and out of the lungs is called?

Back 1520

ventilation

Front 1521

A negative attitude about any patient or patient care situation:

Back 1521

Almost guarantees that the care you provide will be suboptimal

Front 1522

In which of the following situations would spinal motion restriction precautions likely NOT be necessary?

Back 1522

Syncopal episode in which the patient was already seated or supine

Front 1523

You receive a call at 11:50 pm for a 3-year-old boy with respiratory distress. As soon as you enter the child's residence, you can hear a lound, barking cough. You find the child sitting on his mother's lap. He is conscious and appears alert to his surroundings. According to the child's moither, he has been sick for the past few days with a low-grade fever, but then began experiencing a high-pitched cough. His skin is warm and dry, his heart rate is 120 beats/min, and his oxygen saturation is 99% on room air. There are no signs of increased work of breathing. You should:

Back 1523

allow the child to assume a position of comfort, avoid agitating him, and transport him to the hospital

Front 1524

What organ controls respiration?

Back 1524

brain

Front 1525

A working diagnosis is MOST accurately defined as:

Back 1525

what you feel is at the root of your patients problem, and what you will focus your patient care efforts on correcting.

Front 1526

Which of the following factors is associated with the HIGHEST risk of newborn hypoglycemia?

Back 1526

morbid obesity in the mother

Front 1527

Which of the following statements regarding the brain stem is MOST correct?

Back 1527

The brain stem connects the spinal cord to the brain

Front 1528

Exhalation is what type of process requiring what type of muscle effort?

Back 1528

passive process with no effort

Front 1529

Which of the following scenarios MOST accurately depicts reflection in action?

Back 1529

Reflection gives you the chance to continuously improve thinking and decision making, and, in turn, your patient care as you modify your experience base.

Front 1530

Which of the following statements regarding the hangman’s fracture is MOST correct?

Back 1530

It is a fracture of C2 that is secondary to significant distraction of the neck

Front 1531

You are assessing a 10-year-old child with apparent ventricular tachycardia, but cannot decide whether electrical or pharmacological therapy is the most appropriate inital treatment approach. Which of the following interventions would pose the GREATEST potential for harm?

Back 1531

starting an IV line and administering amiodarone followed by procainamide

Front 1532

The alveolocapillary membrane consists of how many layers of cells?

Back 1532

1

Front 1533

Chest compressions are indicated in the newborn if its heart rate remains less than ___ beats/min despite effective positive-pressure ventilations for ___ seconds.

Back 1533

60, 30

Front 1534

The MOST effective way for the paramedic to avoid tunnel vision is to:

Back 1534

always keep your mind open to all the possible causes of your patient’s current condition.

Front 1535

When applying a vest-type extrication device to a seated patient, his or her head should be secured to the device:

Back 1535

only after the torso is fastened securely

Front 1536

A patient with black lung disease and asbestosis may demonstrate a significant decrease in vital capacity, indicating?

Back 1536

restrictive lung disease

Front 1537

___ occurs after a call is over and commonly is associated with the run review or critique.

Back 1537

The last stage in the critical thinking process

Front 1538

Although extremely painful, injuries to the ___ spine are typically the LEAST significant:

Back 1538

coccygeal

Front 1539

In contrast to toxic ingestions in toddlers, toxic ingestions in adolescents:

Back 1539

typically involve multiple agents

Front 1540

The trachea is approximately how many inches long in most adults?

Back 1540

4

Front 1541

Endotracheal intubation is clearly indicated in the newborn if:

Back 1541

meconium is present in the amniotic fluid and the newborn is limp and has a heart rate of 70 beats/min.

Front 1542

Uncertainty regarding the specific cause of a patient's problem is called:

Back 1542

medical ambiguity.

Front 1543

Vagal tone remains intact following a spine injury because:

Back 1543

the vagus nerve originates outside the medulla and regulates the heart via the carotid arteries

Front 1544

The trachea is made up, in part, of?

Back 1544

cartilage

Front 1545

Displacement of bony fragments in the anterior portion of the spinal cord results in:

Back 1545

anterior cord syndrome

Front 1546

When suctioning the newborn's oropharynx to clear secretions prior to intubation, it is MOST important to:

Back 1546

monitor a newborn's heart rate

Front 1547

Which of the following situations is MOST challenging with regard to your critical thinking and decision-making skills?

Back 1547

Patients whose conditions fall somewhere around the midpoint on the spectrum between “no big deal” minor and “oh my gosh” serious pose as the greatest challenge.

Front 1548

The point of entry for bronchi, vessels, and nerves into each lung is called the?

Back 1548

hilum

Front 1549

The hormonal effects associated with the fight-or-flight response can affect your performance as a paramedic by:

Back 1549

(sensory overload) impaired critical thinking skills or diminished concentration and assessment abilities

Front 1550

The upper thoracic spinal nerves:

Back 1550

innervate the muscles of the chest that help in breathing and coughing

Front 1551

You are dispatched to a residence for a 17-year-old woman with acute abdominal pain. When you arrive and begin your assessment, it is clear that the patient is uncomfortable with the presence of her parents because she is reluctant to answer your questions. You should:

Back 1551

diplomatically ask the parents if their daughter can have some privacy

Front 1552

Each respiratory bronchiole divides to form?

Back 1552

alveolar ducts

Front 1553

A spinal cord contusion is:

Back 1553

caused by a short-duration shock or pressure wave within the cord

Front 1554

Signs of hypovolemia in the newborn include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Back 1554

profound acrocyanosis

Front 1555

Which of the following actions has the LEAST impact on the paramedic's ability to think under pressure?

Back 1555

POSITIVES: Take a moment to scan the situation. Take another moment to stop and think. Make decisions and act on behalf of the patient. Stay calm, and maintain clear, concise mental control. Plan to regularly and continually re-evaluate the patient.

Front 1556

What is the process by which a gas is dissolved in liquid?

Back 1556

diffusion

Front 1557

The MOST significant complication associated with prolonged immobilization of a patient on a long backboard is:

Back 1557

pressure lesion development

Front 1558

When reading the scene, the paramedic must remember that:

Back 1558

is a relative goldmine of information and becomes unavailable once you initiate transport to the hospital. Primary elements include: evaluate the overall safety of the situation, the environmental conditions, the immediate surroundings, access and exit issues, and evaluating the mechanism of injury

Front 1559

Which of the following statements regarding a child's chest wall is MOST correct?

Back 1559

children are belly breathers because they rely heavily on their diaphragms

Front 1560

What is the primary waste product of metabolism?

Back 1560

carbon dioxide

Front 1561

Any motor or sensory deficits noted during the neurologic examination of a patient with a possible spinal cord injury:

Back 1561

should be documented and monitored

Front 1562

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunts are typically placed in children who:

Back 1562

have impaired circulation and absorption of CSF, leading to an increased size of the ventricles of the brain and increased intracranial pressure

Front 1563

Which of the following is NOT a typical element to evaluate when reading the scene of a motor vehicle crash?

Back 1563

primary elements (evaluate the overall safety of the situation, the environmental conditions, the immediate surroundings, access and exit issues, and evaluating the MOI)

Front 1564

The oropharynx extends from what anatomical landmark to the epiglottis?

Back 1564

uvula

Front 1565

During your assessment of a 30-year-old woman in active labor, she admits to being a chronic heroin abuser and states that she last "shot up" about 6 hours ago. After the baby delivers, you will MOST likely need to:

Back 1565

give positive-pressure ventilations

Front 1566

In which of the following situations would it be MOST appropriate to apply a vest-type extrication device to a patient who is seated in his or her crashed motor vehicle?

Back 1566

Conscious with neck pain and stable vital signs

Front 1567

When you introduce yourself to your patient and ask why 9-1-1 was called, the patient looks at you, shakes your hand, and answers your questions appropriately. From these findings, you can gather that the patient:

Back 1567

that the patient has a Glascow Coma Scale score of 15 (spontaneous eye opening, follows commands, appropriate verbal response)

Front 1568

The plural membrane that covers the lungs is the?

Back 1568

visceral pleura

Front 1569

A typical finding for a foreign body aspiration is:

Back 1569

an afebrile child with a sudden onset of coughing or gagging while playing

Front 1570

Following a spinal injury, a patient presents with abdominal breathing and use of the accessory muscles in the neck. This suggests injury at or above:

Back 1570

C3-C4

Front 1571

When a patient advises you of his or her chief complaint, you should:

Back 1571

determine if this is a new problem or the worsening of a preexsisting condition

Front 1572

The trachea branches into the right and left mainstem bronchi at the level of the _____ throacic vertebra.

Back 1572

fifth

Front 1573

A child in anaphylactic shock:

Back 1573

may require a low-dose epinephrine infusion

Front 1574

The innermost meningeal layer that rests directly on the spinal cord is the:

Back 1574

pia mater

Front 1575

When caring for a critically ill patient, three or more sets of vital signs will allow you to:

Back 1575

assess trends and to reassess whether the patient’s condition is stabilizing, getting better, or getting worse

Front 1576

Where is the respiratory center located?

Back 1576

medulla oblongata

Front 1577

After addressing any life threats in the order in which you find them, you should next:

Back 1577

consider the worst case scenario that could be causing Pt’s symptoms and rule it in or out

Front 1578

If the mechanism of injury indicates that your patient may have sustained a spinal cord injury:

Back 1578

assume that a spine injury exists, regardless of neurologic findings

Front 1579

When caring for a child with a CSF shunt or gastrostomy tube, it is MOST important to:

Back 1579

recognize that the caregiver is a key resource and that his or her expertise should be utilized to assist in the care of the child

Front 1580

Inspired air contains approximately what percentage of oxygen?

Back 1580

21%

Front 1581

A child who is experiencing a moderate asthma attack would MOST likely present with:

Back 1581

wheezing during inspiration and expiration

Front 1582

Given the number of possible diagnoses in any situation and the limited physical and technical resources of the field. you will MOST likely:

Back 1582

Be treating Pt’s that may not be able to be diagnosed until they reach the hospital

Front 1583

The MOST effective method of decreasing morbidity and mortality associated with spinal cord injury (SCI) is:

Back 1583

public education and prevention strategies

Front 1584

The glottis is formed by the true vocal cords and the?

Back 1584

opening between them

Front 1585

Signs of a diaphragmatic hernia include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Back 1585

bilaterally absent breath sounds

Front 1586

When caring for a patient with multiple pathophysiologies, it is MOST important for the paramedic to:

Back 1586

add them up as you develop your care plan to make sure nothing is overlooked that can be addressed in the field setting.

Front 1587

You are dispatched to a senor citizen’s center where an elderly woman apparently fainted. When you arrive, you find the patient sitting in a chair. An employee of the center tells you that he caught the patient before she fell to the ground. Your initial assessment reveals that the patient is conscious and alert and is breathing adequately. You should:

Back 1587

obtain vital signs and assess her blood glucose level

Front 1588

You respond to a report of a 14-year-old female patient who is reported having difficulty breathing. Upon arrival you find that she is having difficulty breathing, and her mother tells you that the girl has asthma. You consider which events occur with an asthma attack in order to develop a plan of treatment. Which of the following would you NOT expect with an asthma attack?

Back 1588

decreased secretion of mucous

Front 1589

Common causes of respiratory distress in the newborn include:

Back 1589

mucous obstruction of the nose

Front 1590

No matter how sure he or she is of the working diagnosis, the thinking paramedic must:

Back 1590

Always keep part of the thought process open to other possibilities.

Front 1591

The ___ is the largest component of the central nervous system and contains billions of neurons that serve a variety of functions.

Back 1591

Brain

Front 1592

The vocal cords are formed by two pairs of?

Back 1592

ligaments

Front 1593

Caput succedaneum is MOST accurately defined as:

Back 1593

temporary swelling of the soft tissue of the baby's scalp secondary to pressure from the dilating cervix

Front 1594

Excellence in prehospital care is:

Back 1594

the gradual result of you as a provider constantly striving to improve your practice, which requires that you always have an attitude that is open to learning.

Front 1595

You are assessing a patient who sustained blunt trauma to the center of his back. He is conscious, but is unable to feel or move his lower extremities. His blood pressure is 80/50 mmHg, pulse is 40 beats/min and weak, and respirations are 24 breaths/min and shallow. If IV fluids do not adequately improve perfusion, you should:

Back 1595

give 0.5 mg of atropine and consider a dopamine infusion

Front 1596

Deoxygenated blood returns to the heart via the?

Back 1596

bronchial veins

Front 1597

The approximate total blood volume of a 60-pound child is:

Back 1597

2.2 liters

Front 1598

Which of the following is a subjective finding?

Back 1598

the symptoms a pt describes (degree of pain)

Front 1599

The goal in treating a child with epiglottitis is to:

Back 1599

transport him or her to the hospital with a maintainable airway

Front 1600

The conchae form a set of bony convolutions called?

Back 1600

turbinates

Front 1601

All of the following are subjective findings:

Back 1601

again, anything you can’t observe directly or measure

Front 1602

A term infant is born between ___ after conception.

Back 1602

37 and 42 weeks

Front 1603

When providing patient care, it is MOST important that you maintain effective communication with:

Back 1603

your partner

Front 1604

What helps to maintain laminar airflow?

Back 1604

turbinates

Front 1605

During a mass-casualty incident (MCI), data collection is of importance for:

Back 1605

pt care totals, severity of injuries, mass care procedures

Front 1606

Newborn hypoglycemia is defined as a blood glucose level lower than:

Back 1606

40 mg/dL

Front 1607

The floor of the nasal cavity is the?

Back 1607

hard palate

Front 1608

During your rapid assessment of a newborn's cardiopulmonary status, you not that its respirations are adequate, you feel 8 pulsations in a 6-second time frame, and the newborn is centrally pink but peripherally cyanotic. The MOST appropriate next action should be to:

Back 1608

administer positive-pressure ventilations

Front 1609

Notification of EMS usually occurs when:

Back 1609

Someone tells EMS that an emergency exists.

Front 1610

The volume of air remaining in the respiratory passages and lungs after forceful expiration is called?

Back 1610

residual volume

Front 1611

Devices that allow your voice to be transmitted when a button is pushed and allow the listener to hear you when the button is released are called:

Back 1611

Push-to-talk

Front 1612

The general area of a child's body that sustains inital trauma after being struck by an automobile depends MAINLY on:

Back 1612

the child's height and the height of the bumper upon impact

Front 1613

Which arteries branch off from the thoracic aorta and supply the lung tissues with blood?

Back 1613

bronchial arteries

Front 1614

A conscious child who is in the sniffing position:

Back 1614

is trying to align the axes of the airway to improve ventilation

Front 1615

In contrast to analogue telecommunications equipment, digital telecommunications equipment:

Back 1615

Offer many advantages in terms of speed, privacy, programability and GPS.

Front 1616

The dispatcher informs you that you have a call for respiratory distress. While responding, you receive a radio report from a first responder on the scene giving you patient information. The report includes that the patient is a smoker with a history of COPD. Based on the pathophysiology of this disease, which other piece of information is MOST likely to be included in the first responder's radio report?

Back 1616

symptoms increased gradually over days

Front 1617

Under the instructions of a good emergency medical dispatcher (EMD), a layperson should be able to:

Back 1617

Clear an obstructed airway, perform chest compressions or reassuring the patient can be carried out.

Front 1618

Respiratory exchange between the lung and blood vessels occur in the alveoli at the?

Back 1618

alveolocapillary membrane

Front 1619

In recent years, the use of telemetry has returned because:

Back 1619

The AHA recommended that a 12 lead ECG be taken and transmitted to the receiving facility for all patients with potential acute coronary syndrome.

Front 1620

The volume of air inspired during normal inspiration is called?

Back 1620

tidal volume

Front 1621

The term “frequency,” as it applies to radio communications, is MOST accurately defined as:

Back 1621

how frequently the wave recurs in a given time (usually 1 second)

Front 1622

A device that records the amound and rate of air that is breathed in and out over a period of time is called a?

Back 1622

spirometer

Front 1623

Low-band frequencies:

Back 1623

may have ranges up to 2,000 miles but are unpredictable because changes in ionospheric conditions may cause “skip interference”, with patchy losses in communication

Front 1624

The trachea branches into the right and left mainstem at the?

Back 1624

carina

Front 1625

Biotelemetry is MOST accurately defined as:

Back 1625

is the capability of measuring vital life signs and transmitting them to a distant terminal

Front 1626

Increase in the PaCO2 results in decreased pH levels in the respiratory center, which triggers what ventilation response?

Back 1626

increase

Front 1627

All of the following factors may cause distortion of an ECG signal, EXCEPT:

Back 1627

FACTORS INCLUDE: muscle tremor, loose ECG electrodes, sources of 60-cycle alternating current (AC), attenuation (reduction) of transmitter power, caused by weak batteries or transmission beyond the range of the transmitter

Front 1628

The _____ is the middle lobe of the right lung?

Back 1628

lingula (THIS IS A THROWOUT QUESTION)

Front 1629

At minimum, sending the 12-lead ECG of a patient with chest pain to the emergency department physician via telemetry would:

Back 1629

Allow the receiving hospital to have the appropriate resources (equipment, medications, personnel, etc.) prepared and ready, pending the arrival of the patient. Specifically, the administration of fibrinolytic therapy.

Front 1630

The nasopharynx and oropharynx connect _____ to form a common cavity called the pharynx.

Back 1630

posteriorly

Front 1631

Cellular telephones are more advantageous than regular two-way radios in that cellular telephones:

Back 1631

For EMS: cell phones have a longer range than a two-way radio - For the Public: 911 service is free + cell phones have GPS capability

Front 1632

Each respiratory bronchiole divides to form?

Back 1632

alveolar ducts

Front 1633

In order for the paramedic to talk and transmit an ECG simultaneously on one frequency, a ___ system is required.

Back 1633

multiplex

Front 1634

What type of immunity develops over the course of one's lifetime and occurs as a result of natural exposure to invaders?

Back 1634

acquired immunity

Front 1635

Radio transmission distances from a mobile transceiver are reduced:

Back 1635

in mountainous areas or where there are many tall buildings.

Front 1636

What is the inflammation of lymph nodes that is caused by infection called?

Back 1636

lymphadenitis

Front 1637

A/an ___ receives a weak signal and retransmits it at a higher power on another frequency.

Back 1637

repeater

Front 1638

Which of the following is NOT a location where TB might be considered to be prevalent?

Back 1638

day care centers

Front 1639

A base station decoder within the emergency department:

Back 1639

translates a telemetry signal into an oscilloscope tracing

Front 1640

Lymphatic capillaries are present in all tissues EXCEPT which of the following systems?

Back 1640

central nervous system

Front 1641

Which of the following statements regarding the use of cellular telephones and landline telephones is MOST correct?

Back 1641

Cellular and landline phones overcome problems caused by overcrowded ems radio frequencies.

Front 1642

What term that is used to describe the spread of cancer to lymph nodes?

Back 1642

metastasis

Front 1643

When communicating medical information via radio, you should be:

Back 1643

Simple, brief, direct

Front 1644

The lymphatic system is what type of circulatory system?

Back 1644

passive

Front 1645

The FIRST principle of communicating by radio is:

Back 1645

Clarity!

Front 1646

Of the five classes of antibodies, which makes up 80-85% of the total serum antibody?

Back 1646

IgG

Front 1647

When transmitting information via radio, you should:

Back 1647

use a normal conversational tone of voice

Front 1648

Lymph nodules are NOT found in the loose connective tissues of which system?

Back 1648

cardiac

Front 1649

When transmitting data over the radio, you should NOT disclose the patient's:

Back 1649

Name

Front 1650

What are usually the first cells to enter infected tissues?

Back 1650

neutrophils

Front 1651

Which of the following words would be the MOST difficult to hear over the radio?

Back 1651

Yes and no, use affirmative and negative

Front 1652

Bacteria are small, one-cell organisms that are capable of independent existence. They often are classified based on shape. Bacilli are what shape?

Back 1652

rod-shaped

Front 1653

When transmitting your radio report to the hospital, you should:

Back 1653

Use standard formats agreed on by your EMS service for transmission of information

Front 1654

What kind of boundary does diffuse lymphatic tissue share with surrounding tissues?

Back 1654

no clear boundry

Front 1655

When relaying medical information to a physician in person, you should:

Back 1655

Be mindful of the of the information you are supplying

Front 1656

T effector cells bind to the foreign cell and cause it to break apart, a process known as?

Back 1656

lysis

Front 1657

Which of the following is NOT patient data that typically is communicated during your radio report to the hospital?

Back 1657

ALL IMPORTANT

• Patients age/sex
• Chief complaint
• Brief pertinent history of illness or injury
• Anything the physician needs to know about the patients other medical history relative to the current situation
• Patients l.o.c and degree of distress
• Vital signs
• Pertinent physical findings in head to toe order
• ECG findings
• Treatment given and response

Front 1658

A nonspecific response is an immune response that is _____ each time the body is exposed to a particular challenge.

Back 1658

predictable

Front 1659

When a panicked person calls 9-1-1 for help: The EMD must:

Back 1659

• Answer the telephone promptly
• Identify himself or herseld and the agency
• Speak directly into the mouthpiece
• Observe telephone courtesy
• Take charge of the conversation

Front 1660

What is the MOST important component of the immune system?

Back 1660

leukocytes

Front 1661

Which of the following information is of LEAST importance for the emergency medical dispatcher (EMD) to obtain from the caller?(ALL IMPORTANT)

Back 1661

• The exact location of the patient
• The telephone number of the caller
• The callers perception of the nature of his or her or the patients problem
• Specific info concerning the patients condition
• If the emergency is a motor vehicle collision find out vehicle type, number of persons, and apparent hazards at the scenes.

Front 1662

A response to a given substance that is faster and stronger after subsequent exposures is called a ______ response.

Back 1662

specific

Front 1663

If the emergency medical dispatcher (EMD) suspects that your patient has a life-threatening emergency, the EMD should make you aware of the situation and then:

Back 1663

provide instructions to the caller in very simple terms about emergency care techniques (such as airway maintenance, Heimlick maneuver, CPR, hemorrhage control)

Front 1664

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that is spread through what kind of transmission?

Back 1664

airborne

Front 1665

In order to ensure that all recorded times associated with an incident are accurate, the paramedic should:

Back 1665

compare your times with those of the dispatcher to ensure accuracy an proper timekeeping. Several times are absolutely vital to be kept and documented for the accurate report writing.

Front 1666

Which of the following is NOT a possible infectious agent?

Back 1666

histamine

Front 1667

The patient care report (PCR):

Back 1667

should be a detailed segment indication the elements of the call; a written record of the events that transpire during a call for service. It is a legal record for the call and is part of the patient’s medical record and the hospital’s ED chart.

Front 1668

What type of cells carry out MOST cell-mediated immune functions, seeking and destroying foreign materials such as viruses?

Back 1668

T effector cells

Front 1669

The MOST significant problem associated with making up your own medical abbreviations and documenting them on the patient care report is:

Back 1669

can cause confusion and, in the worst cases, could lead to medication and treatment errors

Front 1670

Which of the following does NOT help continuously wash away foreign matter?

Back 1670

synovial fluid

Front 1671

Data collected from the state EMS office for the purpose of research would likely NOT include:

Back 1671

verify call volumes and skills used and include (# of calls an agency responds to, the types of calls, care provided, and patient outcomes.

Front 1672

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) adversely affects a protein on the T helper cells called the?

Back 1672

CD4 antigen

Front 1673

The National Emergency Medical Services Information System (NEMSIS):

Back 1673

store the EMS data for each the states.

Front 1674

The thymus is a triangular gland located where?

Back 1674

mediastinum

Front 1675

The MOST effective way to maintain your own knowledge of standard medical terminology is to:

Back 1675

learn the established and accepted medical terms and abbreviations for your EMS operation. Ongoing review of the A&P chapter.

Front 1676

Which tonsils are located at the back of the throat?

Back 1676

palatine tonsils

Front 1677

It is MOST important for the paramedic to exercise extreme care when using medical abbreviations because:

Back 1677

Incorrect or inappropriate medical abbreviations can cause confusion and, in the worst cases, could lead to medication and treatment errors.

Front 1678

How many sets of lymphatic organs make up the tonsils?

Back 1678

3

Front 1679

Which of the following incident times is NOT commonly documented on the patient care report?

Back 1679

Vital incident times include (time of call, dispatch, arrival at the scene, with patient, med administration, departure from scene, arrival at med facility, back in service)

Front 1680

Erythroblastosis fetalis is a condition in which a pregnant mother of on Rh blood type is exposed to fetal blood of a different Rh blood type late in pregnancy. What is the combination of Rh that causes erythroblastosis fetalis?

Back 1680

mother Rh negative and fetus is Rh postivie

Front 1681

The thoracic duct empties into the?

Back 1681

superior vena cava

Front 1682

Which of the following documentation styles would likely be MOST difficult and time-consuming to apply in EMS?

Back 1682

body systems approach

Front 1683

Which type of specific immunity is achieved by actions of T lymphocytes (T cells)?

Back 1683

cell-mediated immunity

Front 1684

Which of the following statements includes a pertinent negative?

Back 1684

pertinent negative is described as: a record of negative findings that warrant no care or intervention but thorough and complete examination and history were performed

Front 1685

Responding to a call of possible allergic reaction in a restaurant, you find a 25-year-old woman who has ingested shellfish. You are informed by a companion that she has an allergy to shellfish and she has left her EpiPen at home. Your assessment shows progressive signs of shock, with hoarseness and progressive hives developing. What medication should be delivered for this medical emergency?

Back 1685

adrenaline

Front 1686

When documenting a statement made by the patient or others at the scene, you should:

Back 1686

indicate who made the statement and place the exact words in quotations

Front 1687

Lymphatic capillaries are present in which of the tissues?

Back 1687

axilla

Front 1688

The accuracy of your patient care report depends on all of the following factors, EXCEPT:

Back 1688

DOCUMENTATION ACCURACY INCLUDES: times, narrative information, checkboxes, and it must be comprehensive and precise

Front 1689

The lay term for a lymph node is?

Back 1689

gland

Front 1690

If you receive another call before completing the patient care report accurately for the previous call:

Back 1690

details may be forgotten and important information left out, or worse, inaccurate information may be written

Front 1691

Lymph vessels pass through at least how many lymph nodes before entering the bloodstream?

Back 1691

1

Front 1692

Prior to submitting a patient care report to the receiving hospital, it is MOST important for:

Back 1692

should be reviewed, by the paramedic who authors them, for completeness, accuracy, grammar, spelling, and proper use of medical terminology and abbreviations, to help ensure a well-written and well-documented report

Front 1693

Eventually, the lymphatic vessels empty into the?

Back 1693

right & left subclavian vein

Front 1694

When a competent adult patient refuses medical care, it is MOST important for the paramedic to:

Back 1694

ensure that your Pt is well informed of the situation at hand. explain in detail and make sure the Pt fully understands the potential consequences of refusing, including death and have a witness.

Front 1695

What causes malaria?

Back 1695

protozoa

Front 1696

For purposes of refusing medical care, a patient's mental status may be considered impaired if he or she:

Back 1696

Is not orientated to person, place, time, and event. or makes non sensical statments.

Front 1697

If your response to a call for a traumatic injury is canceled, you should document:

Back 1697

Be sure to document who you were cancelled by, such as law enforcement, on the PCR.

Front 1698

Lymph is a thin plasma-like fluid formed, in part, from which of the following fluids?

Back 1698

interstitial fluid

Front 1699

Which of the following statements regarding revisions or corrections to a patient care report is MOST correct?

Front 1700

What causes urinary tract infections?

Back 1700

bacteria

Front 1701

A poorly written patient care report:

Back 1701

might lead a judge or jury to decide in favor of the plaintiff.

Front 1702

Lymphatic vessels carry fluid in what direction in relation to tissue?

Back 1702

away

Front 1703

In contrast to paper documentation, computer-based documentation:

Back 1703

may assist you in writing accurate, timely, and legible reports.

Front 1704

How many types of hepatitis are common in the United States?

Back 1704

4

Front 1705

An accurate and legible patient care report:

Back 1705

should be complete to the point that people reviving them, whether your medical director or the administrative office clerk billing for the service provided, can read them and understand exactly what transpired on the call.

Front 1706

Of the following, which statement is the MOST correct description of how a patient with a depressed immune system can be affected by exposure to infectious disease?

Back 1706

minimal exposure may cause severe infection

Front 1707

Which of the following is NOT a type of leukocyte that may play a role following infection of various areas in the body?

Back 1707

erythrocyte

Front 1708

The spleen consists of two types of lymph tissue. The venous drainage of the spleen is what type of pulp?

Back 1708

red