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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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3 Functions of Blood
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1. Transport of Various Substances
2. Regulates Several Life Processes 3. Protection against Diseases |
1. Carries nutrients from G.I. tract to cells of the body, moves oxygen from lungs to body cells and hormones from glands to body cells.
2. Regulates pH, adjusts body temp and blood pressure 3. Blood clotting and helps fight disease or avoid diseases. |
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Physical Characteristics of Blood
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1. Temperature- 38°C (100.4°F)
2. pH Range- 7.35 to 7.45 |
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2 Components of Blood & Percentage Each Make Up
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Plasma- 55%
Formed Elements- 45% |
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What makes up Blood Plasma?
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91.5% Water
8.5% Solutes |
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The Principal Solutes Include What?
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Globulins, Albumins, & Fibrinogens
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Where are Globulins Produced? And What Do They Do?
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Produced in the liver & Help attack viruses and bacteria
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Where are Albumins produced? And what do they do?
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Produced by the liver & Smallest and most numerous & Transports substances
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Where is Fibrinogen produced? And what does it do?
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Produced in the liver & Plays essential role in blood clotting
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3 Principle Components of Formed Elements
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1. Erythrocytes (RBC's)
2. Leukocytes (WBC's) 3. Thrombocytes (Platelets) |
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Measures percentage of RBC's in packed whole blood
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Hematocrit
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Nurses check this for anemia
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Process by which the formed elements of blood develop in Red Bone Marrow
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Hemopoiesis
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Blood cells are formed by these cells
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Pluripotent Stem Cells
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2 Types of Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Myloid Stem Cells
Lymphoid Stem Cells |
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Gives rise to RBC's, Platelets, and all WBC's (except for lymphocytes)
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Myloid Stem Cells
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Give rise to Lymphocytes
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Lymphoid Stem Cells
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Myloid Stem Cells differentiate into these 2 types of cells
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Progenitor Cells
Precursor Cells |
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These develop into a BLAST cell which will mature into a CYTE
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Precursor Cells
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These develop into CFU's ( Colony Forming Units). Which are the source of platelets
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Progenitor Cells
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These develop into a blast cell which then matures into a cyte
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Precursor Cells
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These differentiate into Pre-B Lymphocytes and Pro-T Lymphocytes which are your disease fighters
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Lymphoid Stem Cells
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Hormone that regulates the differentiation and proliferation of all the blood cells
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Hemopoietic Growth Factor
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Increases the number of red blood cell precursors in red bone marrow
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Erythropoietin
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Increases the number of platelet precursors from megakaryocytes
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Thrombopoietin
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Increase the number of WBC precursors
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Cytokines
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Function of RBC's
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Transports gases
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How does RBC's transport gases?
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Hemoglobins
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These proteins readily attach to O2 and Carbon Dioxide to help transport gases through the blood
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Hemoglobins
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How long do RBC's live?
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120 days
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Protein that transports iron in blood
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Transferrin
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Protein that store iron
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Ferritin
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Divides several times and near the end of development it ejects its nucleus.
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Proerythroblast
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becomes a reticulocyte
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2 Principal Types of WBC's
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Granular
Agranular |
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3 Types of Granular Leukocytes (WBC)
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Neutrophils
Eosinophils Basophils |
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3 Types of Agranular Leukocytes
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Lymphocyte
Monocyte Macrophages |
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How long do WBC's live?
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A few hours to a few days
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Increase in the number of WBC's
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Leukocytosis
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Not a pathology
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Decrease or abnormally low level of WBC's
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Leukopenia
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Is a pathology
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Process by which WBC'S leaves the bloodstream and does so by squeezing between cells
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Emigration
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Attraction for which a WBC has for an injury or disease
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Chemotaxis
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Combat the effects of histamine in allergenic reactions and phagocytizes antigen body complexes
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Eosinophils
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Develop into mast cells that liberate heparin, histamine, and serotonin in allergic reactions. Intensify inflammatory response
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Basophils
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Produces itself to an antigen and forms antibodies
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B-Lymphocytes
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Destroys any foreign invader it comes in contact with
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T-Lymphocytes
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Life span of a platelet
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5-9 Days
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Cycle in which a platelet is formed
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Myloid Stem Cell ---> CFU's ---> Megakaryoblast ---> Megakaryocyte ---> Platelet
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Platelets help stop blood loss from damaged vessels by forming what?
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Platelet Plug
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Refers to the stoppage of bleeding
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Hemostasis
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3 Mechanisms that reduces blood loss
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1. Vascular Spasm
2. Platelet Plug Formation 3. Blood Clotting (Coagulation) |
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There are 13 Coagulation Factors. The first one being ______________ & The last one being ______________.
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Fibrinogen & Fibrin Stabilizing Factor
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As these factors increase they become stronger
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Coagulation Factors
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Bubble of air, fat from a broken bone or piece of debris that's transported by the bloodstream from the site of origin
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Thrombus or Thrombosis
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As a Thrombus is moving or if it gets lodged it is known as what?
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Embolus
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People whose RBC'S have only antigen A has what blood type?
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Type A
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Those who only have Antigen B have what blood type?
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Type B
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Those who have both A & B Antigens have what blood type?
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Type AB
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Universal Recipients
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Those who have neither Antigen A or B have what blood type?
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Type O
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Universal Donors
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People whose RBC'S have Rh antigens are considered to be what?
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Rh+
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People whose RBC'S lack Rh antigens are considered what?
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Rh-
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