Chapter 21 - Blood Vessels

Front 1

5 Types of Blood Vessels

Back 1

1. Arteries
2. Arterioles
3. Capillaries
4. Venules
5. Veins

Front 2

Function of Arteries

Back 2

Carries blood away from the heart to the organs

Front 3

Smaller arteries from division of larger ones

Back 3

Arterioles

Front 4

Tiny Arterioles that have entered the tissue

Back 4

Capillaries

Front 5

The are reunited capillaries that receive unoxygenated blood

Back 5

Venules

Front 6

Merged venules that carry blood from tissues back to the heart

Back 6

Veins

Front 7

3 Layers of a Blood Vessel

Back 7

1. Tunica Interns
2. Tunica Media
3. Tunica Externa

Front 8

Layer closest to the Lumen that has direct contact with blood

Back 8

Tunica Interna

Front 9

What tissue makes up the Tunica Interna?

Back 9

Endothelium & Elastic Fibers

Front 10

This Layer is known as the muscle of the artery. Its primary smooth muscle layer causes vasoconstriction and vasodilation of the artery.

Back 10

Tunica Media

Front 11

This is the protective layer of the artery

Back 11

Tunica Externa

Front 12

What tissue makes up the Tunica Media?

Back 12

Smooth Muscle Cells & Elastic Fibers

Front 13

What tissue makes up the Tunica Externa?

Back 13

Elastic Fibers & Callogen Fibers

Front 14

When an artery or arteriole is damaged it contracts to help limit blood loss

Back 14

Vascular Spasm

Front 15

2 Functional Properties of Arteries

Back 15

1. Elastic
2. Muscular

Front 16

These are the largest arteries and they are known as conducting arteries

Back 16

Elastic Arteries

Front 17

These function as blood reservoirs

Back 17

Elastic Arteries

Front 18

This is known for the way blood is pulsed through the body. Does so by the stored (potential) energy being converted into Kinetic energy so that blood can move through arteries even if the ventricles are relaxed

Back 18

Pressure Reservoir

Front 19

These arteries have more smooth muscle and they distribute blood to the various parts of the body

Back 19

Muscular Arteries

Front 20

These abundant microscopic vessels regulate flow of blood into capillaries

Back 20

Arterioles

Front 21

These are also microscopic and they connect arterioles to venules. Attached to every cell in the body. Their walls are only one cell thick

Back 21

Capillaries

Front 22

What are Capillaries also known as? Why?

Back 22

Exchange Vessels because they function in the exchange of substances between blood and interstitial fluid

Front 23

What are the walls of capillaries composed of?

Back 23

Endothelium and a Basement Membrane

Front 24

Continuous tubes found in the brain, lungs, skeletal and smooth muscles, and connective tissues. Primarily feeds parts of the body that deals with movement.

Back 24

Continuous Capillaries

Front 25

These have small pores and are found in the kidneys, small intestines, choroid plexuses, ventricles of the brain, ciliary process of the eye and endocrine glands

Back 25

Fenestrated Capillaries

Front 26

These are wide and winding capillaries found in the liver, spleen, anterior pituitary, and the parathyroids

Back 26

Sinusoid Capillaries

Front 27

3 Types of Capillaries

Back 27

1. Continuous Capillaries
2. Fenestrated Capillaries
3. Sinusoids

Front 28

Main difference between veins and arteries

Back 28

Valves

Front 29

The union of two or more arteries that supply the same body region

Back 29

Anastomoses

Front 30

An alternate route of blood flow to a body part through an anastomosis

Back 30

Collateral Circulation

Front 31

Arteries that don't form an anastomosis

Back 31

End Arteries

Front 32

Largest portion of blood is where? and what is this known as?

Back 32

Systemic Veins and Venules
A.K.A. Blood Reservoir

Front 33

3 Types Ways of Capillary Exchange

Back 33

1. Diffusion
2. Transytosis
3. Bulk Flow

Front 34

Most important method a substance/substances enter and leave capillaries

Back 34

Diffusion

Front 35

2 Things that Regulate movement of water and solutes

Back 35

Blood Hydrostatic Pressure
Blood Osmotic Pressure

Front 36

2 Things blood flow depends on

Back 36

Blood Pressure
Systemic Vascular Resistance

Front 37

Blood flows from regions of _____________ ___________ to regions of ______________ ______________

Back 37

Higher Pressure & Lower Pressure

Front 38

4 Factors that affect blood pressure and blood flow

Back 38

1. Cardiac Output
2. Blood Viscosity
3. Resistance
4. Elasticity of the artery

Front 39

Higher the _____________ the higher the _____________

Back 39

Viscosity, Resistance

Front 40

5 Things that increase Blood Pressure

Back 40

1. Increased Blood Volume
2. Increased Heart Rate
3. Increased Stroke Volume
4. Increased Sympathetic Stimulation
5. Systemic Vascular Resistance

Front 41

This is located in the Medulla Oblongata and controls blood pressure and blood flow. Does so by regulating heart rate, contractility, and blood vessel diameter

Back 41

Cardiovascular Center

Front 42

3 Receptors that provide input to the Cardiovascular Center

Back 42

Proprioceptors
Chemoreceptors
Baroreceptors

Front 43

4 Hormones that affect Blood Pressure and Blood Flow

Back 43

Renin - Angiotensin - Aldosterone = (RAA) System
Epinephrine & Norepinehrine
Antidiuretic Hormone
Atrial Natiuretic Peptide

Front 44

The alternate expansion and recoil of elastic arteries.

Back 44

Pulse

Front 45

What is the most common artery used to check for a pulse?

Back 45

Radial Artery

Front 46

A rapid resting heart or pulse rate over 100 beats/min

Back 46

Tachycardia

Front 47

A slow resting heart or pulse rate under 50 beats/ min.

Back 47

Bradycardia

Front 48

The force of blood recorded during ventricular contraction

Back 48

Systolic Blood Pressure

Front 49

The force exerted by the blood remaining in arteries during ventricular relaxation

Back 49

Diastolic Blood Pressure

Front 50

This is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

Back 50

Pulse Pressure

Front 51

Conditions that affect pulse pressure by greatly increasing it

Back 51

Atherosclerosis
Patent Ductus Arteriosis

Front 52

4 Types of Shock

Back 52

1. Hypovolemic Shock
2. Cardiogenic Shock
3. Vascular Shock
4. Obstructive Shock

Front 53

This is due to rapid sudden hemorrhage, or severe loss of body fluids

Back 53

Hypovolemic Shock

Front 54

This is caused when the heart fails to pump adequately. Most often seen in Myocardial Infarctions

Back 54

Cardiogenic Shock

Front 55

Due to blockage of blood flow

Back 55

Obstructive Shock

Hint 55

Most common cause is pulmonary embolism

Front 56

Occurs due to a decrease in vascular resistance

Back 56

Vascular Shock

Hint 56

common types are:
Anaphylactic Shock
Neurogenic Shock

Front 57

4 Homeostatic Responses to Hypovolemic Shock

Back 57

1. Activation of RAA System
2. Secretion of ADH
3. Activation of sympathetic division of ANS
4. Release of Local Vasodilators

Front 58

Signs And Symptoms of Shock

Back 58

* Cool, Clammy, Pale skin
* Weak rapid pulse
* Tachycardia
* Sweating
* Hypertension
* Decreased urinary output
* Thirst
* Acidosis
* Altered mental state

Front 59

4 Circulatory Routes

Back 59

1. Systemic Circulation
2. Pulmonary Circulation
3. Hepatic Portal Circulation
4. Fetal Circulation

Front 60

Refers to all arteriole flow to the body

Back 60

Systemic Circulation

Front 61

Refers to all arteriole flow to the lungs

Back 61

Pulmonary Circulation

Front 62

Refers to arterial flow around the liver to detoxify

Back 62

Hepatic Portal Circulation

Front 63

Allows for the exchange of material between a developing fetus and its mother

Back 63

Fetal Circulation

Front 64

2 Areas blood flows before going back to the heart

Back 64

1. Superior and Inferior Vena Cava
2. Coronary Sinus

Front 65

5 Changes that occur after birth

Back 65

1. Umbilical Arteries -> Medial umbilical ligaments
2. Umbilical Veins -> Ligamentum teres
3. Dustus Venosus -> Ligamentum Venosum
4. Foramen Ovale closes -> Fossa ovalis
5. Ductus arteriosis closes -> Ligamentum arteriosum