Anatomy Of Respiratory System Level 2

Front 1

Breathing

Back 1

Main function of the respiratory system.

Front 2

Inhalation (Inspiration)

Back 2

Drawing gasses into the lungs

Front 3

Exhalation (Expiration)

Back 3

Forcing gasses out of the lungs.

Front 4

Gas Exchange

Back 4

Continuous movement of gasses into and out of the lungs.

Front 5

External Respiration

Back 5

Involves the exchange of gases betweeen the atmosphere and the blood.

Front 6

Oxygen in the atmosphere is inhaled into the lungs and diffuses from the lungs to the blood at the same time CO2 diffuses from the blood into the lungs.

Back 6

How does external respiration work?

Front 7

Internal Respiration

Back 7

Involves the exchange of gases between the blood and the cells.

Front 8

Sound Production

Back 8

The result when air is forced out of the lungs and moves through the larynx.

Front 9

Olfaction

Back 9

Sense of smell

Front 10

Superior region of the nasal cavity

Back 10

Where are olfactory epithelium located?

Front 11

Nose
Nasal Cavity
Paranasal Sinuses
Pharynx and Associated Structures

Back 11

Upper Respiratiory Tract

Front 12

Conductiing Airways
Respiratory Portion

Back 12

Lower Respiratory Tract

Front 13

Nose
Nasal Cavity
Paranasal Sinuses
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles

Back 13

Conducting Portion of the Respiratory System

Front 14

Respiratory Bronchioles
Alveolar Ducts
Alveoli

Back 14

Respiratory Portion of the Respiratory System

Front 15

Transports Air

Back 15

What is the function of the conducting portion of the respiratory system?

Front 16

Where gas exchange with the blood occurs

Back 16

What is the function of the respiratory portion of the respiratory system?

Front 17

Nose and Nasal Cavities

Back 17

Main conducting airway for inhaled air.

Front 18

Paranasal Sinuses

Back 18

Paired air spaces with in the skull, decrease the skull bone weight.

Front 19

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Back 19

What type of tissue lines the paranasal sinuses?

Front 20

Pharynx (Throat)

Back 20

Funnel-shaped common pathway for inhaled and exhaled air and ingested food.

Front 21

Larynx (Voice Box)

Back 21

Conducts air into the lower respiratory tract and produces sounds.

Front 22

Trachea (Windpipe)

Back 22

Flexible, slightly rigid tubular organ with C-shaped cartilages.

Front 23

Deviated Septum

Back 23

An asymmetry in the nasal cavity at the level of the cartilage

Front 24

Nose

Back 24

The main conducting airway for inhaled air

Front 25

Nasal Bones

Back 25

Supports the nose superiorly and forms the bridge of the nose.

Front 26

Dorsum Nasi

Back 26

Anteroinferior to the bridge of the nose.

Fleshy and cartiliginous

Supported by one pair of lateral cartilages and 2 pairs of alar cartilages.

Front 27

Nostrils (Nares)

Back 27

Open on the inferior surface of the nose.

Front 28

Nasal Cavity

Back 28

The internal component of the nose

Front 29

Vestibule

Back 29

Anterior region of the nasal cavity, near the nostrils

Front 30

Internal nares

Back 30

Paired openings to the nasopharynx.

Front 31

Choanae

Back 31

Another name for Internal Nares

Front 32

Nasal Septum

Back 32

Divides the nasal cavity into left and right portions- medial wall of each cavity.

Front 33

Septal nasal cartilage

Back 33

Anterior portion of the nasal septum

Front 34

Bony Nasal Septum

Back 34

Inferior portion of the nasal septum.

Front 35

Superior, Middle and Inferior Conchae

Back 35

Located along the lateral walls of the nasal cavity, these structures subdivide the nasal cavity into 3 separate air passages.

Front 36

Nasal Meates

Back 36

Located immediately inferior to their corresponding nasal conchae.

Front 37

Frontal
Ethmoidal
Sphenoidal
Maxillary

Back 37

Name the paranasal sinuses

Front 38

Digestive System
Respiratory System

Back 38

What two organ systems share the pharynx?

Front 39

Pathway for ingested food

Back 39

Digestive portion of the pahrynx

Front 40

Common pathway for inhaled and exhaled air

Back 40

Respiratory portion of the pharynx

Front 41

Auditory Tubes

Back 41

Openings are found in the lateral walls of the nasopharynx

Front 42

Nasopharynx

Back 42

Superiormost region of the pharynx

Front 43

Uvula

Back 43

What landmark is the end of the nasopharynx?

Front 44

Torus Tuberous

Back 44

Mound of tissue that protects the auditory tubes

Front 45

Pharyngeal Tonsils

Back 45

Tonsils located in the nasopharynx

Front 46

Oropharynx

Back 46

The middle pharyngeal region that begins at the uvula.

Front 47

Fauces

Back 47

The opening that represents the threshold for entry into the oropharynx from the oral cavity.

Front 48

Palantine Tonsils

Back 48

Located on the lateral wall between the arches of the oropharynx.

Front 49

Lingual Tonsils

Back 49

Located at the base of the tongue.

Front 50

Laryngopharynx

Back 50

Inferior portion of the pharynx

Front 51

Inferior to the hyoid bone

Back 51

Where does the laryngopharynx begin?

Front 52

The larynx and the esophagus

Back 52

What is the laryngopharynx continuous with?

Front 53

Larynx

Back 53

Connects the pharynx to the trachea

Front 54

Larynx

Back 54

Short cylindrical airway continuous with the laryngopharynx and inferiorly with the trachea; anterior to the esophagus

Front 55

Thyroid Cartilage

Back 55

Largest cartilage in the larynx, forms only the anterior and lateral walls of the larynx

Front 56

Laryngeal Prominence (Adam's Apple)

Back 56

V-Shaped anterior projection of the thyroid cartilage.

Front 57

Cricoid Cartilage

Back 57

Forms the inferior base of the larynx and connects the trachea inferiorly

Front 58

Hyaline Cartilage

Back 58

What type of cartilage is the cricoid cartilage made of?

Front 59

Epiglottis

Back 59

Large Spoon/Leaf shaped structure that projects superiorly into the pharynx.

Front 60

Closes over the laryngeal opening when a person swallows to prevent entrance into the larynx

Back 60

What is the function of the epiglottis?

Front 61

Arytenoid Cartilage

Back 61

Pyramid-shaped cartilage that rests on the superoposterior border of the cricoid cartilage.

Front 62

Corniculate Cartilage

Back 62

Cartilage that attaches to the superior surface of the arytenoid cartilages.

Front 63

Cuneiform Cartilage

Back 63

Laryngeal cartilage that does not attach directly to any other cartilages.

Front 64

Supported within a mucosa-covered CT sheet.

Back 64

What supports the cunieform cartilage?

Front 65

Aryepiglottic Fold

Back 65

A mucosa-covered CT sheet that supports the cuneiform cartilages.

Front 66

Vocal Ligaments
Vestibular Ligaments

Back 66

The two pairs of ligaments associated with sound production

Front 67

Extends from the posterior surface of the thyroid cartilage to the arytenoid cartilages

Back 67

Where are the two pairs of ligaments that are associated with sound production located?

Front 68

Vocal Ligaments

Back 68

Inferior ligaments covered by a mucous membrane (vocal folds)

Front 69

Vestibular Ligaments

Back 69

Superior ligaments associated with sound production

Front 70

Vocal Folds

Back 70

True vocal cords

Front 71

They produce sound when air passes through them

Back 71

What is the function of the vocal folds?

Front 72

Vestibular Folds

Back 72

False vocal cords

Front 73

They have no function in sound production, but they protect the vocal cords.

Back 73

What is the function of the vestibular folds?

Front 74

Rima Glottidis

Back 74

Opening between the vocal folds.

Front 75

Glottis

Back 75

The vocal folds plus the rima glottids

Front 76

When air is forced through the rima glottids, it causes vibration of the vocal folds which results in the production of sound.

Back 76

How is sound produced?

Front 77

Trachealis Muscle

Back 77

Supports the trachea posteriorly

Front 78

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.

Back 78

What type of epithelial cells lines the mucosa of the trachea?

Front 79

Movement of cilia propels mucus laden with dust and dirt particles toward the larynx and pharynx, where it is swallowed.

Back 79

What does the mucosa of the trachea do?

Front 80

Bronchial Tree

Back 80

A highly branched system of air conditioning passages.

Front 81

Primary Bronchii

Back 81

Where does the bronchial tree begin?

Front 82

Terminal Bronchii

Back 82

Where does the bronchial tree end?

Front 83

Right Primary Bronchus

Back 83

The wider and more vertical part of the bronchial tree

Front 84

Right Primary Bronchii

Back 84

Foreign particles are more likely to get lodged in which bronchial branch?

Front 85

Three Secondary Bronchii

Back 85

The right primary bronchus divides into:

Front 86

10 Tertiary bronchii

Back 86

The right secondary bronchii divide into how many branches?

Front 87

Two Secondary Bronchii

Back 87

The left primary bronchus divides into:

Front 88

8-10 Tertiary bronchii

Back 88

The left secondary bronchii divide into how many branches?

Front 89

They become smaller and less numerous.

Back 89

As the branching of the bronchial tree continues and the bronchi become smaller, what happens to the incomplete rings of cartilage?

Front 90

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Back 90

What type of epithelium are the larger branches of bronchi lined with?

Front 91

Ciliated columnar epithelium

Back 91

What type of epithelium are the smaller branches of bronchi lined with?

Front 92

Bronchioles

Back 92

What do the bronchi branch into?

Front 93

They lack rings of cartilage

Back 93

What kind of cartilage do bronchioles have?

Front 94

Simple columnous epithelium

Back 94

What kind of epithelium lines the bronchioles?

Front 95

Bronchoconstriction

Back 95

A narrowing of the bronchioles resulting from the contraction of the smooth muscle of the bronchioles

Front 96

Bronchodilation

Back 96

A widening of the bronchioles resulting from the relaxation of the smooth muscle of the bronchioles.

Front 97

Terminal Bronchioles

Back 97

What do bronchioles branch into?

Front 98

Terminal Bronchioles

Back 98

What are the last portions of the conduction portion of the respiratory system?

Front 99

Respiratory Bronchioles

Back 99

What do the terminal bronchioles branch into?

Front 100

Alveolar Ducts

Back 100

What do respiratory bronchioles branch into?

Front 101

Alveoli

Back 101

Small saccular outpocketings located on the end of the alveolar ducts.

Front 102

The thin wall of the alveolus

Back 102

What is the structure where respiratory gases diffuse between the blood and the air in the lungs?

Front 103

Alveolar Type I Cells

Back 103

Predominant alveolar cell that promotes rapid gas diffusion across the alveolar wall.

Front 104

Simple Squamous Epithelial Cell

Back 104

What type of epithelial cell are alveolar type I cells made of?

Front 105

Squamous Alveolar Cell

Back 105

Another name for alveolar type I cells

Front 106

Alveolar Type II Cells

Back 106

Alveolar cells that secrete pulmonary surfactant-almost cuboidal in shape, also known as septal cells.

Front 107

Pumonary Surfactant

Back 107

A fluid that coats the inner alveolar surface to reduce surface tension and prevent the collapse of alveoli.

Front 108

Alveolar Macrophage

Back 108

Alveolar cell that engulfs any microorganism or particulate matter that makes its way into the alveolus.

Front 109

Respiratory Membrane

Back 109

Thin wall between the lumen of the alveolus and the blood

Front 110

It is the diffusion barrier across which respiratory gases are exchanged between the blood and the air in the alveoli.

Back 110

What is the purpose of the respiratory membrane?

Front 111

The plasma membrane of the type I alveolar cell.

The plasma membrane of the capillary cell

The fused basement membrane of both cells

Back 111

What does the respiratory membrane consist of?

Front 112

The mediastinum

Back 112

What separates the lungs?

Front 113

Pleura

Back 113

What is the serous membrane of the lungs?

Front 114

Parietal Pleura

Back 114

Lines the lateral surface of the mediastinum and the superior surface of the diaphragm.

Front 115

Visceral Pleura

Back 115

Directly lines the lungs

Front 116

Pleural Cavity

Back 116

Space betwee the visceral and the parietal pleura

Front 117

Costal Surface of the lungs

Back 117

The broad rounded surface that is in contact with the thoracic wall

Front 118

Mediastinal Surface of the lungs

Back 118

The surface directed medially, facing the mediastinum, slightly concave in shape

Front 119

Hilum

Back 119

Vertical indented surface of the lung that houses the area where the bronchi, pulmonary vessels, lymph vessels and nerves pass.

Front 120

Left Lung

Back 120

Which lung is smaller?

Front 121

Because the heart projects slightly to the left of the midline

Back 121

Why is the left lung smaller?

Front 122

Cardiac Impression

Back 122

Medial surface impression of the left lung.

Front 123

Cardiac Notch

Back 123

Anterior indented region of the left lung

Front 124

Oblique Fissure

Back 124

Divides the left lung into the superior and inferior lobes

Front 125

Lingula

Back 125

Located on the superior lobe of the left lung, it is homologous with the middle lobe of the right lung

Front 126

Oblique Fissure

Back 126

Separates the right lungs into an superior and inferior lobes

Front 127

Horizontal Fissure

Back 127

Separates the middle lobe from the inferior lobe of the right lung.

Front 128

External Intercostalis

Back 128

Project anteroinferiorly, these muscles elevate the ribs during inhalation.

Front 129

Internal Intercostalis

Back 129

Project posteroinferiorly, these muscles depress the ribs during forced exhalation.

Front 130

Scalenes
Transverse Thoracis
Serratus Posterior
Serratus Anterior

Back 130

Other muscles of the thoracic cage.