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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The Central Nervous System is composed of what?
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Brain and Spinal Cord
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The Peripheral Nervous System is composed of what?
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31 pairs of Spinal Nerves, 12 pairs of Cranial Nerves, and the Autonomic Nervous System
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What involved receptos who gather information and send nerve impulses to CNS for integration?
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Sensory Function
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Nerve impulses from receptors are integrated in CNS
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Integrative function
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Nerve impulses sent from CNS to effectors that lie outside CNS (muscles and glands)
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Motor Function
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Impulses that move towards or into the CNS
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Afferent
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Impulses that move away from or out of the CNS
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Efferent
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The nervous system works with what system that results in complete communication and control within the body?
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Endocrine (hormones) System
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Functional Cells which carry impulses to other neurons and to cells outside the nervous system
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Neurons
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What contains soma, cuton, and perikaryon? Has nuclus, mitochondria, Golgi bodies, microtublues, neurofibrils, Nissl bodies, Cytoplasmic inclusions.
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Cell body
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What provide support for dendrites?
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Neurofibrils
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What do Nissl bodies do?
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Similar to RER. Produce protein.
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Fibers that carry a nerve impulse towards the cell body.
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Dendrites - Many dendrites in cell. Often short and highly branched. Are RECEPTIVE processes. Often have dendritic spines (contact points for othr neurons). Some can be very long.
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One large fiver that carries a nerve impulse away from the cell body.
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Axon - Many mitochondria, microtubules, nerofibrils. Can give off branches called collaterals.
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What conveys substances made in cell body (ex. neurotrasmitter substances)
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Axonal Transport
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Specialized ends of axons. Contact receptive surface of another cell.
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Presynaptic terminal or membrane
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Elevated portion of soma where axon arises.
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Axon Hillock
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SOME axons are TIGHTLY enclosed in sheaths composed of what?
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Schwann Cells - tightly wrapped around axons. Gives many layers of cell membrance that have little or no cytoplasm between them. Composed of lipoprotein.
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What does lipoprotein do?
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Forms myelin sheath on outside of axon.
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Gaps between adjacent Schwann cells along an axon (and myelin sheath) are called what?
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Nodes of Ranvier
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Schwann Cells (a neuroglial cell) not tightly enclosing the axon.. thus
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axons lack myelin sheaths and are reffered to as unmyelinated nerve fibers. Or GRAY MATTER.
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Unmyelinated Nerve Fibers
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Gray Matter
- In brain and spinal cord. |
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Myelinated Nerve Fibers
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White Matter
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In CNS, myelin is produce by what?
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Oligodendrocytes
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In the PNS what is essential for nerve regeneration?
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Neurilemmal shealth and endoneurium.
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50% of Brain Cells. Fills spaces, Support neurons, provide frameworks, prevent neutonal contact except in specific places.
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Neuroglial Cells
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CNS. star-shaped, bind neurons to blood vessels, provide structure. Largest neuroglial cell, most numerous, helps maintain chemical conc. in exclr. fluid. Regulates substanc transfer. Scar tissue formation.
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Astrocytes
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CNS. From myelin within brain and spinal cord. Send our cellular processes. Wraps axons. No neurilemmal sheaths or endoneurium.
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Oligodendrocytes
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CNS. Phagocytic cells. Necrotic tissue and foreign antigrans. Is a macrophage, and increase in #.
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Microglia
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CNS. Epithelial cells line the ventricles in bain and central canal of cord. From a poroud epithelial layer between brain and cord's interstitial fliud and CSF in ventricles anc central canal. Allows Substances to diffuse from interstitial flius to the CSF.
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Ependyma
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Type of neuron that send affert sensory impulses from receptors in peripheral body parts to brain or spinal cord (CNS)
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Sensory Neurons
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Type of neuron that transmits nerve impules from one neuron to another within the brain or cord. Confined to CNS.
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Interneurons (association neurons)
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Type of neuron that conducts efferent motor impulses from brain or cord to effectors. Away from CNS.
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Motor Neurons
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Cell body damage usually results in what?
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Neuron death
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