Anatomy Lec 3 - Skull Foramen

Front 1

which part of the skull develops by endochondral & intramembranous ossification?

Back 1

- endochondral: base of skull

- intramembranous ossification: calvarium bones that meet & form sutures

Front 2

what is the fibrocartilage for the first 2 years of life between the madible called?

Back 2

- mandibular symphysis

Front 3

what fontanelle is the coronal suture associated with? lambdoid suture?

Back 3

- anterior fontanelle associated with coronal suture

- posterior fontanelle associated with lambdoid suture

Front 4

where is the sagittal suture? mastoid fontanelle? sphenoidal fontanelle?

Back 4

- sagittal suture is inbetween parietal bones

- mastoid fontanelle is near where mastoid process develops

- sphenoid fontanelle is above sphenoid bone

Front 5

what is craniosynostosis?

Back 5

- premature closure of sutures

- end up with scaphocephaly for saggital suture

- trigonocephaly for frontal suture

Front 6

what is scaphocephaly? triconocephaly?

Back 6

- premature closure of the saggital suture

- premature closure of frontal suture

Front 7

what is the nasion suture?

Back 7

- nasion is fusion between nasal & frontal bone

Front 8

what is the difference between the medial palatine suture & horizontal plate of palatine bone?

Back 8

- medial palatine suture divides the two hard palates

- horizontal plate divides the hard & soft palate

Front 9

what is the bregma?

Back 9

- bregma is top of head where sagittal & coronal sutures come together

Front 10

the _______ suture is between the parietal bones. the _______ suture is between the parietal & frontal bones. the _______ suture is between the parietal & occipital bones. the _______ is the meeting point between the parietal, temporal & occipital bones. the _______ is the meeting point between the parietal & fontal. the ________ is the meeting point between the parietal & occipital bones.

Back 10

- sagittal

- coronal

- lambdoid

- asteroin

- bregma

- lambda

Front 11

what are wormain bones?

Back 11

- normal, just separate bones that can form around the suture

- can also happen when bregma does not meet up - soft spot can ossify & become fontanelle bone

Front 12

what can a very long styloid process interfere with?

Back 12

- can cause pain on swallowing or interfere with or even compress carotid artery

Front 13

what attaches to the superior & inferior nuchal lines?

Back 13

- superior: trapezius

- inferior: where suboccipital muscles attach

Front 14

what extends down from the external occipital protuberance (ionion)?

Back 14

- extending down from bottom is the medial nuchal line where the nuchal ligament attaches

Front 15

what are the 4 different sinuses? where do the drain into?

Back 15

- frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, maxillary

- drain into nose

Front 16

where do mastoid air cells drain into? how can mastoiditis be caused?

Back 16

- they are attached to and can drain into middle ear

- mastoiditis can be caused by middle ear infections

Front 17

what is pathological pneumatization?

Back 17

- abnormal air spaces in the bone

Front 18

what are arachnoid granulations?

Back 18

- upwellings to get CSF back into venous drainage

Front 19

where do the sinuses & epidural arteries run?

Back 19

- run inbetween bone & dura matter

Front 20

what are diploic & emissary veins?

Back 20

- diploic: run within the bone itself

- emissary veins: connect to veins in the scalp & sinuses

Front 21

what runs through parietal foramina?

Back 21

- emissary veins

Front 22

where does CNI travel?

Back 22

- comes up through the cribiform plate & foramina in the ethmoid bone

Front 23

what are the frontal crest & crista galli? which one is in the ethmoid bone?

Back 23

- frontal crest: anterior to ethmoid bone, attachment of dura

- crista galli: in ethmoid bone, attachment for dura

Front 24

where does the optic nerve (CNII) travel?

Back 24

- passes through optic canals in the sphenoid bone

Front 25

where does the pituitary sit? what are the processes lining it?

Back 25

- pituitary sits in the hypophyseal fossa

- there are clinoid processes lining this fossa

Front 26

where does the superior orbital fissure lie? what is the opening right below it?

Back 26

- between the lesser & greater wing of sphenoid

- opening right below it is the foramen rotundum

Front 27

what bone are the lateral & medial pterygoid plates on?

Back 27

- sphenoid bone

Front 28

which nerves pass through the SOF?

Back 28

- CNIII (oculomotor), IV (trochlear), VI (abducens)

- CN V1: lacrimal, frontal & nasociliary branches of opthalmic nerve

Front 29

who travels through foramen rotundum?

Back 29

- CN V2 (maxillary nerve)

Front 30

who travels through foramen ovale?

Back 30

- CN V3 (mandibular nerve)

Front 31

what happens to the opthalmic nerve V1 when it enters the supraorbital foramen?

Back 31

- comes out on forehead as the supraorbital nerve

Front 32

what happens to the maxillary nerve once it enters foramen rotundum?

Back 32

- goes into the inferior orbital fissure going through infraorbital groove & comes out infraorbital foramen as the infraorbital nerve

Front 33

what artery also runs with the infraorbital nerve?

Back 33

- maxillary artery which inters the inferior orbital fissure --> infraorbital groove & infraorbital foramen and becomes the infraorbital artery

Front 34

what is the opening in the ridge of petrous part of temporal bone? what nerves go through it?

Back 34

- internal acoustic meatus

- VII & VIII

Front 35

what is the hard part of the temporal bone called?

Back 35

- ridge of petrous part of temporal bone

Front 36

what does the vestibulocochlear nerve help with?

Back 36

- cochlea for hearing

- semicircular canals (vestibular) for balance

Front 37

what is the artery thats going in the internal acoustic meatus called?

Back 37

- labrythine artery

Front 38

what is the internal opening for the entrance to the facial canal?

Back 38

- internal acoustic meatus

Front 39

how do the motor & parasympathetic fibers deviate for CNVII when they enter the internal acoustic meatus?

Back 39

- facial motor continues in the facial canal

- parasympathetic splits: part goes to the haitus of facial canal, rest goes on & deviates & emerges in petrotympanic fissure

Front 40

where does the motor portion of CNVII emerge?

Back 40

- emerges in the stylomastoid foramen

Front 41

which nerves exit via the jugular foramen?

Back 41

- IX, X, XI

Front 42

which nerves enter through the jugular foramen?

Back 42

- IX, X, XI

Front 43

how do the parasympathetic fibers of CNIX travel? what happens if these fibers are interrupted? what is this parasympathetic nerve called?

Back 43

- once out of the jugular foramen the deviate & enter the tympanic canaliculus (ridge b/w jugular foramen & carotid canal) then go out the foramen oval

- if they are interrupted it will not allow you to have parotid gland secretion

- lesser petrosal nerve

Front 44

who do the lesser & greater petrosal nerves come from?

Back 44

- lesser from IX

- greater from VII

Front 45

where is the pterygopalatine fossa?

Back 45

- below the zygomatic arch

- divides the temporal & infratemporal fossa

- gateway to nose, orbit, palate, cranial base, pharynx

Front 46

what is the enterance to the pterygopalatine fossa called?

Back 46

- the pterygomaxillary fissure

Front 47

which foramen takes you to the nose from the pterygopalatine fossa?

Back 47

- sphenopalatine foramen

Front 48

which canal/foramina takes you to the palate from the pterygopalatine fossa?

Back 48

- palatine canal leading to the hard palate, nerves & arteries called the greater & lesser palatine artery & nerves

- then pass through the palatine foramina, greater go to the palatine process of maxilla

- lesser go to soft palate

Front 49

what is the vidian (pterygoid) canal?

Back 49

- follow medial pterygoid to opening, continuation of the greater petrosal nerve (CNVII) going in here

- takes you to the pterygoidpalatine fossa

Front 50

what passes through the pharyngeal (palatovaginal) canal?

Back 50

- pharyngeal artery