Anatomy Lec 2 - Anterior Triangle

Front 1

what are the different planes for C1-C6?

Back 1

- C1: occlusal plane
- C2: angle of the mandible
- C3: hyoid bone
- C4/5: thryoid cartilage
- C6: cricoid cartilage

Front 2

what membrane is inbetween the thyroid & cricoid cartilage?

Back 2

- thyrohyoid membrane

Front 3

what nerve runs with the external jugular?

Back 3

- great auricular nerve

Front 4

what are the 4 sections of the anterior triangle?

Back 4

1) mental triangle
2) submandibular triangle
3) carotid triangle
4) muscular triangle

Front 5

what does the stylohyoid muscle body split over?

Back 5

- splits over the posterior belly of digastric which has the intermediate tendon running between it

Front 6

where does the nerve to mylohyoid come from? what does it supply?

Back 6

- inferior alveolar from V3 gives off the nerve to mylohyoid (anterior belly digastric & mylohyoid)

Front 7

what nerve runs close to the inferior alveolar on the inside the mandible?

Back 7

- lingual nerve from V3

Front 8

what are the actions of the thyrohyoid?

Back 8

- can depress or elevate depending on which muscle is fixed

Front 9

what line on the thyroid cartilage do the sternothyroid & thyrohyoid attach to?

Back 9

- oblique line

Front 10

which part of the ansa cervicalis innervates the superior & inferior belly?

Back 10

- superior belly is innervated by superior portion of C1/2

- inferior belly is innervated by inferior portion C2/3

Front 11

C1 via the hypoglossal nerve innervates what muscles?

Back 11

- geniohyoid

- thyrohyoid

Front 12

what is the descendens hypoglossi & cervicalis & what do they innervate?

Back 12

- superior portion ansa cervicalis is descendens hypoglossi and innervates superior belly omohyoid & sternohyoid

- inferior portion of ansa cervicalis is descendent hypoglossi innervates inferior belly omohyoid & sternothyroid

Front 13

what does ansa cervicalis wrap around?

Back 13

- internal jugular vein

Front 14

who does the cervical branch of CNVII innervate?

Back 14

- stylohyoid & posterior belly of digastric

Front 15

what are the branches of the thyrocervical trunk?

Back 15

- suprascapular, transverse cervical, inferior thyroid

Front 16

what is the relationship of the inferior thyroid artery & recurrent laryngeal?

Back 16

- recurrent laryngeal goes right under the inferior thyroid artery

Front 17

how do the subclavian artery & vein lie in relationship to the anterior scalene?

Back 17

- vein lies anterior to anterior scalene so not subject to compression

Front 18

who is more medial, the vagus or phrenic nerve?

Back 18

- vagus is more medial

Front 19

how do the internal & external carotid form anastomoses?

Back 19

- supraorbital branch of internal carotid anastomoses with the external carotid

Front 20

what are the branches of the external carotid?

Back 20

- Superior thyroid
- Ascending pharyngeal
- Lingual
- Facial
- Occipital
- Superficial temporal
- Maxillary

Front 21

what is the difference between the carotid bodies and sinus? who does sensory to this?

Back 21

- carotid body: chemoreceptors

- carotid sinus: baroreceptors

- glossopharyngeal (IX)

Front 22

who makes up the circle of willis?

Back 22

- vertebral arteries come together to form the basilar --> meet up with posterior cerebral arteries --> posterior communicating meets up with middle cerebral & internal carotid --> meets up with anterior cerebral

Front 23

what does the inferior bulb of IJV do?

Back 23

- it is a valve at the inferior bulb of IJV & prevents relax

Front 24

what are the lymph nodes of the head & where do they drain?

Back 24

- occipital, mastoid, parotid, submandibular, submental

- all drain into deep cervical nodes (lie along IJV)

- superficial cervical nodes (lie alone EJV)

Front 25

where do most of the lymph nodes in the head drain to before the deep cervical?

Back 25

- jugulo-digastric node

Front 26

what is virchow's node?

Back 26

- supraclavicular node enlarged in gastric cancer or abdominal pathology

Front 27

what is the thyroid drainage?

Back 27

- superior & middle drain into the internal jugular

- inferior drains into the braciocephalic

Front 28

how does the thyroid gland develop & what is the pathology associated with it?

Back 28

- thyroid gland develops at base of tongue (foramen cecum of tongue) and migrates down

- can end up with thyroglossal cyst if the thyroglossal duct does not normally regress

Front 29

what are tracheotomy & tracheostomy?

Back 29

- tracheotomy: procedure that creates surgical opening in cervical trachea

- tracheostomy: creation of permanent or semi-permanent opening in trachea

Front 30

what is cricothyrotomy?

Back 30

- make incision in cricothyroid cartilage

Front 31

what are the 3 parts of the subclavian?

Back 31

1) vertebral artery, internal thoracic, thyrocervical trunk
2) costocervical trunk (superior intercostal, deep cervical artery)
3) dorsal scapular