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221 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What passes through greater palatine foramen?
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Greater palatine nerve and vessels
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What passes through lesser palatine foramen?
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Lesser palatine nerve and vessels
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What passes through foramen lacerum?
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Greater petrosal nerve
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What passes through foramen ovale?
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Lesser petrosal nerve, Mandibular nerve (V3), accessory meningeal artery
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What passes through foramen spinosum?
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Middle meningeal vessels, meningeal branch of mandibular nerve (V3)
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What passes through carotid canal?
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Internal carotid artery, carotid autonomic plexus
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What passes through petrotympanic fissure?
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Chorda tympani of facial nerve (VII)
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What passes through stylomastoid foramen?
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Facial nerve (VII)
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What passes through jugular foramen?
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Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX), Vagus nerve (X), Accessory nerve (XI), inferior petrosal sinus, sigmoid sinus, posterior meningeal artery
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What passes through hypoglossal canal?
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Hypoglossal nerve (XII)
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What passes through foramen magnum?
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medulla oblongata, vertebral arteries and venous plexus, spinal roots of accessory nerves (XI)
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What passes through optic canal?
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Optic nerve (II), ophthalmic artery
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What passes through superior orbital fissure?
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Oculomotor nerve (III), trochlear nerve (IV), NFL branches of ophthalmic nerve (V1), Abducent nerve (VI), superior ophthalmic vein
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What passes through foramen rotundum?
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Maxillary nerve (V2)
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What passes through internal acoustic meatus?
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Facial nerve (VII), Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII), labyrinthine artery
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What bones forms from Arch I?
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maxilla, mandible, incus, malleus
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What forms from Arch II?
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stapes, styloid process, part of hyoid
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What forms from Arch III?
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Stylopharyngeus muscle and most of hyoid bone
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What forms from Arch IV and VI?
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thyroid and cricoid cartilages and intrinsic laryngeal cartilages
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What CN supplies arch I?
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V2 and V3
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What CN supplies arch II?
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VII
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What CN supplies arch III?
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IX
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What CN supplies arch IV and VI?
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X
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What muscles cause protrusion of mandible?
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Lateral pterygoid, Medial pterygoid
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What muscles cause retraction of mandible?
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Temporalis, Masseter, Geniohyoid, Digastric
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What muscles cause elevation of mandible?
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Temporalis, Masseter, Medial pterygoid
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What muscles cause depression of mandible?
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Digastric, Geniohyoid, Mylohyoid
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Mnemonic for muscular branches of facial nerve?
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To Zanzibar By Motor Car
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Muscular branches of facial nerve?
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Temporal, Zygomatic, Buccal, Marginal mandibular, Cervical
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Vessels that lie directly between and beneath two bodies of sternocleidomastoid muscle?
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Internal jugular vein, Common carotid artery
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What drains into the middle nasal meatus?
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Frontal sinus, Maxillary sinus, Ethmoid sinus
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What drains into the superior nasal meatus?
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Ethmoid sinus
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What drains into the sphenoethmoidal recess?
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Sphenoid sinus
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What innervates the muscles of mastication?
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V3
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What innervates the mucosa of the nasopharynx?
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pharyngeal nerve, branches of V2, branches of glossopharyngeal
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What innervates the mucosa of the laryngopharynx?
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Internal branch of superior laryngeal
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All but one muscle of the pharynx are innervated by branches of what nerve?
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Vagus
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Exception to innervation rule in pharynx?
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Stylopharyngeus is innervated by IX
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All but one muscle of the larynx are innervated by what nerve?
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Inferior laryngeal nerve (branch of recurrent)
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Exception to innervation rule in larynx?
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Cricothyroid is innervated by external branch of superior laryngeal nerve (X)
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What muscles does the oculomotor nerve innervate?
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Levator palpebrae superioris, Superior rectus, Medial rectus, Inferior rectus, Inferior oblique
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What extrinsic eye muscles does the trochlear nerve innervate?
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Superior oblique
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What extrinsic eye muscles does the abducent nerve innervate?
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Lateral rectus
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Mnemonic for sensory branches of V3?
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BAIL
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Sensory branches of V3?
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Buccal, Auriculotemporal, Inferior alveolar, Lingual
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Motor branches of V3?
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Nerve to mylohyoid
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Muscles innervated by V3?
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Muscles of mastication, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini, mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric
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Mnemonic for sensory branches of V1?
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NFL
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Sensory branches of V1?
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nasociliary, frontal, lacrimal
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Mnemonic for sensory branches of V2?
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ZIP
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Sensory branches of V2?
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zygomatic, infraorbital, pterygopalatine
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Cranial nerve that innervates buccinator?
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VII
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Cranial nerve responsible for taste on anterior 2/3 of tongue?
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VII
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Muscles innervated by IX?
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Stylopharyngeus
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All but one muscle of palate is innervated by?
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Pharyngeal branches of X
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Muscle in palate not innervated by CN X?
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tensor veli palatini
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What nerve innervates all but one tongue muscle ending in "glossus"?
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XII
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What is exception to innervation rule in tongue ("glossus")?
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Palatoglossus is innervated by X
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Muscle in chin innervated by C1?
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Geniohyoid
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Muscles in neck innervated by cranial nerves?
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Thyrohyoid, Omohyoid, Sternothyroid, Sternohyoid
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A tumor within the interscalene triangle could compress what?
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Subclavian artery
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What provides motor innervation to the Lateral cricoarytenoid?
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Recurrent laryngeal nerve
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What provides motor innervation to the Palatopharyngeus?
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Branches of the vagus nerve in pharyngeal plexus
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What provides motor innervation to the Orbicularis oculi?
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Facial nerve
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What provides motor innervation to the Anterior belly of the digastric?
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Nerve to the mylohyoid (V3)
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A lesion of what nerve may weaken the ability to elevate the soft palate?
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Vagus
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A lesion of what nerve may affect the ability of a palatoglossus muscle to contract after a bolus of food enters the oropharynx?
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Vagus
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A lesion of what nerve may alter the ability to sense the temperature of a bolus of food on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue?
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Trigeminal
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The superior cervical ganglion sends postganglionic axons into the skull through what opening?
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Carotid canal
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Where does the vertebral artery branch from the subclavian?
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Medial to anterior scalene muscle
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Middle ear cavity comes from what embryonic structure?
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First pharyngeal pouch
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Palatine tonsil comes from what embryonic structure?
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Second pharyngeal pouch
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What cranial nerve is associated with the second pharyngeal arch?
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Facial nerve (VII)
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What cranial nerve is associated with the fourth pharyngeal arch?
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Vagus nerve (X)
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What passes through the foramen lacerum?
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Nothing
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Does the ophthalmic artery pass through the superior orbital fissure?
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No.
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What foramen does V3 pass through?
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Foramen ovale
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What foramen does IX pass through?
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Jugular foramen
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What foramen does VIII pass through?
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Internal auditory meatus
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What foramen does the vertebral artery pass through?
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Foramen magnum
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During swallowing, what nerve innervates muscles that assist in elevating the larynx?
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Mandibular division of trigeminal (V3)
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Is the infraorbital artery a branch of the maxillary?
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Yes
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Does the superficial temporal artery branch off the maxillary artery in the infratemporal fossa?
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No
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The ophthalmic artery is piggybacked by sympathetic fibers from what?
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Internal carotid plexus
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What is the inferior thyroid artery a branch of?
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The thyrocervical trunk
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What nerve is tested by having a patient look laterally and inferiorly?
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Trochlear
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What nerve is tested by having a patient look medially and inferiorly?
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Inferior Rectus
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What muscle opens the auditory tube?
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Levator veli palatine
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What muscle protrudes the tongue?
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Genioglossus
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What muscle elevates the pharynx?
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Palatopharyngeus
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What ganglion contains the neuronal cell bodies that carry taste fibers from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue
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Geniculate
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What ganglion contains the neuronal cell bodies that carry fibers in the perarterial plexus on the internal carotid artery
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Superior cervical
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What ganglion contains the neuronal cell bodies that carry fibers in the inferior alveolar nerve
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Trigeminal ganglion
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What ganglion contains the neuronal cell bodies that carry secretomotor fibers in the lacrimal nerve?
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Pterygopalatine ganglion
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What does the middle meningeal artery branch from?
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The maxillary artery
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In the infratemporal fossa, taste fibers from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue course with what nerve?
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Chorda tympani
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The hypoglossal nerve innervates all of the muscles of the tongue except for:
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Palatoglossus
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Does the sphenoid sinus drain into the middle meatus?
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No
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Where does the nasal lacrimal duct drain into?
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Inferior meatus
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The laryngeal muscle that abducts the vocal cords?
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Posterior cricoarytenoid
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The duct of the parotid gland pierces what muscle?
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Buccinator
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The palatine tonsil is located between what two structures?
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Palatoglossal arch and palatopharyngeal arch
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Where does the spinal accessory nerve enter and exit the cranium?
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Enters through foramen magnum, exits through jugular foramen
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What autonomic functions does the accessory nerve perform?
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None
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Where are the neuronal cell bodies of the sensory fibers that innervate skin over the thyroid cartilage?
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Dorsal root ganglion
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Where are the neuronal cell bodies of the fibers that are secretomotor to mucous glands in the nasal cavity
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Pterygopalatine ganglion
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Where are the neuronal cell bodies of the sensory fibers that course in the nerve of the pterygoid canal?
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Geniculate ganglion
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Where are the neuronal cell bodies of the fibers that innervate a muscle that changes the shape of the lens?
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Ciliary ganglion
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Where are the neuronal cell bodies of the secretomotor fibers that innervate the lacrimal gland?
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Pterygopalatine ganglion
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Where are the neuronal cell bodies of the secretomotor fibers that innervate the parotid gland?
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Otic ganglion
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Where are the neuronal cell bodies of the taste fibers that run with the lingual nerve?
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Geniculate ganglion
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Where are the neuronal cell bodies of the sensory fibers that course in the infraorbital nerve?
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Trigeminal ganglion
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Where does the maxillary sinus drain?
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Middle nasal meatus
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What muscle fibers contract to produce retrusion of the mandible?
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Posterior fibers of the temporalis
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What pharyngeal arch does the incus derive from?
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First pharyngeal arch
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What innervates the upper dentition?
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Maxillary division of CN V
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What provides sensory innervation to the external tympanic membrane?
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Auriculotemporal nerve (from V3)
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What provides sensory innervation to the middle ear, internal surface of the tympanic membrane, and the Eustacian tube?
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Glossopharyngeal nerve
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What nerve innervates the stapedius muscle?
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CN VII
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What embryonic structure does the thymus gland derive from?
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Third pharyngeal pouch
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What embryonic structure does the lateral pterygoid muscle derive from?
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First arch
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What artery supplies the retina?
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Branch of the ophthalamic artery
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What innervates the cricothyroid muscle?
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External laryngeal branch of CN X
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What muscle abducts the vocal cords?
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Posterior cricoarytenoid muscles
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What type of nerve fibers run in CN I?
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Special sensory (smell)
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What type of nerve fibers run in CN II?
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Special sensory (vision)
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What type of nerve fibers run in CN III?
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Autonomic motor and parasympathetic (sphincter of pupil and ciliary muscle)
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What type of nerve fibers run in CN IV?
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Autonomic motor (to superior oblique)
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What type of nerve fibers run in CN V?
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General sensory (all three) and motor in V3
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What type of nerve fibers run in VI?
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Autonomic motor (to lateral rectus)
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What type of nerve fibers run in VII?
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Autonomic motor, special sensory (taste), parasympathetic (submandibular and sublingual glands, lacrimal gland, glands of nose and palate)
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What type of nerve fibers run in VIII?
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Special sensory (hearing and proprioception of head)
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What type of nerve fibers run in IX?
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Motor, parasympathetic (parotid), Special sensory (taste), visceral sensory (middle ear, parotid, etc)
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What type of nerve fibers run in X?
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Motor, parasympathetic (smooth muscle of trachia, bronchi, digestive trach, and heart), special sensory (taste from palate), general sensory
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What type of nerve fibers run in XI?
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Autonomic motor (to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius)
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What type of nerve fibers run in XII?
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Motor (to muscles of tongue except for palatoglossus)
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What exits the cranium through the foramina of the cribriform plate of ethmoid bone?
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CN I (olfactory)
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What exits the cranium through the optic canal?
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CN II (optic)
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What nerves exits the cranium through the superior orbital fissure?
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III, IV, V1, VI
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What exits the cranium through the foramen rotundum?
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V2
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What exits the cranium through the foramen ovale?
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V3
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What exits the cranium through the internal acoustic meatus?
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VIII and part of VII
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What nerves exits the cranium through the jugular foramen?
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IX, X, XI
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What exits the cranium through the hypoglossal canal?
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XII
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What cranial nerves include parasympathetic fibers?
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III, VII, IX, X
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What muscles are innervated by III?
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Superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique, levator palpebrae superioris muscles
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What innervates the superior oblique muscle in orbit?
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IV
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What does superior oblique muscle do?
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Turns eye inferolaterally (inferiorly when adducted)
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What nerve supplies sensory innervation to cornea?
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V1
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What nerve supplies sensory innervation to mucosa of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses?
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V1
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What nerve supplies sensory innervation to maxillary teeth, maxillary sinuses, and palate?
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V2
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What nerve supplies sensory innervation to mandibular teeth, mucosa of mouth, and anterior 2/3 of tongue?
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V3
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What nerve(s) innervate the tensor veli palatine and tensor tympani?
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V3
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What nerve innervates the anterior belly of the digastric?
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V3
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What nerve innervates the mylohyoid?
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V3
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What nerve supplies the stapedius of middle ear?
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VIII and part of VII
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What innervates the lateral rectus mucle?
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VI
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What innervates the stylohyoid?
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VII
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What innervates the posterior belly of the digastric?
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VII
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What innervates the digastric?
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anterior: V3; posterior: VII
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What innervates the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands?
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VII
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What innervates the lacrimal gland?
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VII
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What innervates the stylopharyngeus?
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IX
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What provides parasympathetic innervation to the parotid?
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IX
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What provides visceral sensation from the middle ear?
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IX
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What carries taste fibers from the posterior third of the tongue?
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IX
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What provides cutaneous innervation to the external ear?
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V3 and X (through auricular branch)
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What provides parasympathetic innervation to the smooth muscle of the trachea?
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X
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What provides visceral sensation innervation to base of tongue, pharynx, larynx, trachea?
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X
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What carries taste fibers from the epiglottis and palate?
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X
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What innervates most of the muscles of the tongue?
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XII (except for palatoglossus)
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What provides innervation to most muscles of pharynx and larynx?
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X
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What provides innervation to most muscles of palate?
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X
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What is the ciliary body?
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Muscle that produces acoommodation in lens of eye; parasympathetic innervation from CNIII via the short ciliary nerves (synapse in ciliary ganglion)
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What extraocular muscles are NOT innervated by CN III?
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superior oblique and lateral rectus
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What muscles produces intorsion of eyeball?
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Superior oblique (IV)
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Where is ciliary ganglion located?
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Close to apex of orbit; between optic nerve and lateral rectus
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Where is pterygopalatine ganglion located?
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In pterygopalatine fossa, just anterior to opening of pterygoid canal and inferior to CN V2
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Where is otic ganglion located?
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Inferior to foramen ovale of sphenoid bone; between tensor veli palatine and V3
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Where is submandibular ganglion located?
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On surface of hyoglossus muscle inferior to submandibular duct; suspended from lingual nerve
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What are the roots of the ciliary ganglion?
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parasympathetic fibers of CN III and sympathetic branches from internal carotid plexus
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What are the roots of the pterygopalatine ganglion?
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Parasympathetic from greater petrosal nerve (VII); sympathetic from deep petrosal nerve (branch of internal carotid plexus); fibers from cervical ganglion pass through and enter branches of V2
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What are the roots of the otic ganglion?
|
Tympanic nerve (via lesser petrosal) from IX (parasympathetic); sympathetic fibers from superior cervical ganglion come from plexus on middle meningeal artery
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What are the roots of the submandibular ganglion?
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Facial nerve (VII) via chorda tympani (parasympathetic); sympathetic from superior cervical ganglion via plexus on facial artery
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What is source of parasympathetic innervation of lacrimal gland?
|
fibers of greater petrosal nerve (VII) synapse in pterygopalatine ganglion; post-synaptic fibers course with zygomatic branch of V2
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What somatic sensory nerve passes through the ciliary ganglion?
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V1
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What somatic sensory nerve passes through the pterygopalatine ganglion?
|
V2
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What somatic sensory nerve passes through the otic ganglion?
|
V3
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sympathetic nerve fibers from the internal carotid plexus pass through which ganglia?
|
Ciliary and Pterygopalatine
|
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sympathetic nerve fibers from the plexus on the middle meningeal artery pass through which ganglia?
|
Otic
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sympathetic nerve fibers from the plexus on the facial artery pass through which ganglia?
|
Submandibular
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What innervates derivatives of the 1st pharyngeal arch?
|
CN V2 and V3
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What synapses in the trigeminal ganglion?
|
Nothing; collection of neuronal bodies of the sensory nerves of CN V
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Where do the motor fibers of V blend with the sensory fibers of V3?
|
As the nerve traverses the foramen ovale
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|
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Corneal reflex tests what nerve?
|
V1
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What parasympathetic ganglion is associated with V2?
|
Pterygopalatine
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What parasympathetic ganglion is associated with V3?
|
Otic and submandibular (both do salivary glands)
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What is the general function of sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers passing through the otic and submandibular ganglia?
|
The three salivary glands and blood vessels supplying them
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What provides sensory innervation to the nasal sinuses?
|
VI: frontal and ethmoidal; V2: maxillary
|
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What provides sensory innervation to the external ear and tympanic membrane?
|
V3
|
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Lacrimal nerve is a branch of what?
|
V1
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Main branches of V1?
|
Nasociliary, Frontal, Lacrimal
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Nasopalatine and greater/lesser palatine nerves are branches of what?
|
V2
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Anterior and middle superior alveolar nerves are branches of what?
|
V2
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Main sensory branches of V3?
|
Buccal, Auriculotemporal, Inferior alveolar, Lingual
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|
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What is the geniculate ganglion?
|
Contains cell bodies of primary sensory neurons for VII
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While traversing the temporal bone within the facial canal, VII gives rise to:
|
Greater petrosal nerve, nerve to stapedius, chorda tympani
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What does VII give off after exiting the stylomastoid foramen and before entering the parotid?
|
Posterior auricular branch
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What is the nerve of the second pharyngeal arch?
|
VII
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Where do the parasympathetic fibers from VII synapse?
|
Pterygopalatine ganglion and submandibular ganglion
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What does the chorda tympani run with?
|
Lingual nerve (V3)
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What type of fibers are in chorda tympani?
|
Special sensory (taste) and parasympathetic (to salivary glands; synapse in submandibular ganglion)
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What is the nerve for the third pharyngeal arch?
|
IX
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What carries general sensation from the inner ear?
|
IX
|
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What nerve carries information about blood pressure and gas levels?
|
IX
|
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What carries general sensation from mucosa of oropharynx, palatine tonsil, and soft palate?
|
IX
|
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What muscles does the glossopharyngeal innervate?
|
Stylopharyngeus
|
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The lingual branches of what nerve supply motor innervation to (most) muscles of the tongue?
|
XII
|
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What supplies innervation to the external surface of the tympanic membrane?
|
V3 and some X
|
|
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What supplies innervation to the internal surface of the tympanic membrane?
|
IX
|
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|
Innervation of four suprahyoid muscles?
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Branch of V3: mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric; C1 via hypoglossal nerve: geniohyoid; Branches of VII: stylohyoid and posterior belly of digastric
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