Anatomy -- Head And Neck

Front 1

what are the boundaries of the posterior triangle?

Back 1

A -- posterior border of sternocleidomastoid
P -- anterior border of trapezius
I -- middle 1/3 of clavicle
Superficial (roof) -- superficial layer of deep cervical fascia
Deep (floor) -- muscle of the neck covered by prevertebral fascia

Front 2

what innervates the platysma?

Back 2

facial nerve

Front 3

what structures are in contact with the deep surface of the platysma muscle?

Back 3

suprclavicular nerves
transverse cervical nerve
external jugular vein

Front 4

what does the external jugular vein drain?

Back 4

much of the face and scalp

Front 5

what does the external jugular drain into?

Back 5

subclavian

Front 6

what forms the external jugular vein?

Back 6

posterior division of retromandibular vein and posterior auricular vein

Front 7

what is erb's point?

Back 7

midpoint of posterior border of the sternocledomastoid muscle where cutaneous branches of the cervical branches enter the superficial fascia

Front 8

major cutaneous nerves of the neck

Back 8

greater auricular
lesser occipital
transverse cervical
supraclavicular

Front 9

what are the boundaries of the anterior triangle?

Back 9

A -- median line of the neck
P -- anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid
S -- inferior border of the mandible
superficial -- superficial layer of the deep cervical fascia
deep -- larynx pharynx

Front 10

what are the bones, ligaments, and cartilage of the anterior triangle?

Back 10

hyoid bone
thyroid
cricoid
tracheal cartilages
thyrohyoid ligament
cricothyroid ligament

Front 11

where is the anterior jugular vein found?

Back 11

in the superficial facia near the anterior midline

Front 12

what does the muscular triangle contain?

Back 12

infrahyoid muscles
thyroid gland
parathyroid glands
ansa cervicalis

Front 13

what are the boundaries of the muscular triangle?

Back 13

superolateral: superior belly of the omohyoid
inferolateral: anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid
medial: median plane of the neck

Front 14

what do the infrahyoid muscles include?

Back 14

sternohyoid
omohyoid
sternothyroid
thyrohyoid

Front 15

what does the submandibular triangle contain?

Back 15

submandibular gland
facial artery
facial vein
stylohyoid muscle
part of the hypoglossal nerve (XII)
lymph nodes

Front 16

what are the boundaries of the submandibular triangle?

Back 16

S -- inferior border of the mandible
Anterioinferior -- anterior belly of the digastric muscle
Posteroinferior -- posterior belly of the digastric muscle
Superficial (roof) -- superficial layer of deep cervical fascia
Deep (floor) -- mylohyoid and hyoglossus muscles

Front 17

R: facial artery and vein to the submandibular gland

Back 17

vein passes superficial and artery courses deep to gland

Front 18

what does the tendon of the stylohyoid muscle attach to?

Back 18

the body of the hyoid bone by straddling the intermediate tendon of the digastric muscle

Front 19

R: hypoglossal nerve (XII) and digastric muscle and mylohyoid muscle

Back 19

nerve passes deep to the posterior belly of the digastric muscle and the mylohyoid muscle

Front 20

what does the submental triangle contain?

Back 20

submental lymph nodes

Front 21

what are the boundaries of the submental triangle?

Back 21

right and left -- anterior bellies of the left and right digastric muscles
inferior -- hyoid bone
superficial (roof) -- superficial layer of the deep cervical fascia
deep (floor) -- mylohyoid muscle

Front 22

the tip of the hyoid bone is a great landmark for finding what nerves and vessels?

Back 22

hypoglossal
ansa cervicalis
vagus
internal carotid
branches of the external carotid

Front 23

what does the carotid triangle contain?

Back 23

carotid arteries (common, internal, external)
branches of the external carotid artery
part of the hypoglossal nerve
branches of the vagus nerve (X)

Front 24

what are the boundaries of the carotid triangle?

Back 24

inferomedial -- superior belly of the omohyoid muscle
inferolateral -- anterior body of the sternoclediomastoid muscle
superior --posterior belly of the digastric muscle

Front 25

the nerve to the thyrohyoid muscle branches off what nerve?

Back 25

hypoglossal

Front 26

where are the superior and inferior roots of the ansa cervicalis?

Back 26

superior -- travels with hypoglossal nerve
inferior -- passes around the carotid sheath to join the superior root in a loop

Front 27

what does the carotid sheath contain?

Back 27

common carotid
internal carotid
internal jugular
vagus nerve (X)

Front 28

what are the large tributaries of the internal jugular vein?

Back 28

common facial vein
superior thyroid vein
middle thyroid vein

Front 29

what are the six branches of the external carotid artery?

Back 29

superior thyroid
lingual artery
facial artery
occipital artery
posterior auricular artery
ascending pharyngeal artery

Front 30

does the internal carotid artery have any branches in the neck?

Back 30

no

Front 31

what nerve passes through the thyrohyoid membrane?

Back 31

internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve

Front 32

where in the neck would you find the recurrent larnygeal nerve?

Back 32

passes immediately posterior to the lobe of the thyroid gland in the trachea-esophageal groove

Front 33

what might happen if a recurrent laryngeal neve is injured by a thyroid tumor or during a thyroidectomy?

Back 33

paralysis of the laryngeal muscles on the affected side with resulting hoarseness of voice

Front 34

what are the three parts of the subclavian artery as defined by its relationship to the anterior scalene muscle?

Back 34

first -- from its origin to medial border of the anterior scalene muscle
second -- posterior to the anterior scalene muscle
third -- betw the lateral border of the anterior scalene muscle and the lateral border of the first fib

Front 35

what are the branches of the first part of the subclavian artery?

Back 35

vertebral artery
internal thoracic artery
thyrocervical trunk

Front 36

what are the three branches of the thyrocervical trunk?

Back 36

transverse cervical artery
suprascapular
inferior thyroid

Front 37

what is the branch of the second part of the subclavian artery?

Back 37

costocervical trunk

Front 38

what does the costocervical tunk divide into?

Back 38

deep cervical artery
supreme intercostal artery

Front 39

what is the branch of the third part of the subclavian artery?

Back 39

dorsal scapular artery

Front 40

R: phrenic nerve and anterior scalene muscle

Back 40

nerve is anterior

Front 41

what form the boundaries of the interscalene triangle?

Back 41

first rib
anterior and middle scalene muscles

Front 42

what travels through the scalene triangle?

Back 42

subclavian artery
roots of the brachial plexus

Front 43

what vessels cross the anterior surface of the anterior scalene muscle?

Back 43

subclavian vein
transverse cervical artery
suprascapular artery

Front 44

what does the superficial cervical fascia contain?

Back 44

cutaneous nerves
blood and lymphatics
superficial lymph nodes
fat
platysma

Front 45

a cervical branch of which cranial nerve supplies the platysma?

Back 45

CN VII (facial nerve)

Front 46

what are the three layers of deep cervical fascia?

Back 46

investing
pretracheal
prevertebral

Front 47

which muscles does the investing layer of deep cervical fascia surround?

Back 47

trapezius
SCM

it comes together at the nuchal ligament covering the C7 spinous process

Front 48

which nerve inneravates the trapezius and SCM?

Back 48

CN XI

Front 49

what's the suprasternal space?

Back 49

where the investing layer of the deep cervical fascia attaches to anterior and posterior surfaces of the manubrium while surrounding the SCM

it encloses the inferior ends of the anterior jugular veins, jugular venous arch, fat, lymph nodes

Front 50

important limitations of pretracheal layer of deep cervical fascia

Back 50

limited to anterior part of the neck
from hyoid, extends inferiorly to blend with pericardium

Front 51

what does the visceral part of the pretracheal layer enclose?

Back 51

thyroid
trachea
esophagus

Front 52

what is the pretracheal layer continuous with superiorly?

Back 52

the buccopharyngeal fascia of the pharynx

Front 53

what does the muscular part of the pretracheal layer contain?

Back 53

infrahyoid muscles

Front 54

what does the prevertebral layer form a sheath around?

Back 54

vertebral column and associated muscles (longus colli and capitis, scalenes, deep cervical muscles)

Front 55

what other layers does the carotid sheath blend with?

Back 55

A: investing and pretracheal layers
P: prevertebral

Front 56

what other spaces do the carotid sheath and pretracheal fascia communicate freely with?

Back 56

mediastinum and cranial cavity

Front 57

what is the retropharyngeal space?

Back 57

potential space between visceral part of prevertebral and bucoopharyngeal fascia (which is continuous inferiorly with pretracheal layer)

Front 58

if an infection occurs between the investing layer and muscular part of pretracheal fascia surrounding the infrahyoid muscles, how far will it spread?

Back 58

it won't spread beyond the superior border of the manubrium

Front 59

if an infection occurs between the investing fascia and visceral oart of the pretracheal fascia, where can it spread?

Back 59

thoracic cavity anterior to the pericardium

Front 60

which foramen do the vertebral arteries travel through?

Back 60

foramen transversarium

Front 61

what is the ansa cervicalis?

Back 61

loop of nerves that are part of the cervical plexus. It lies superficial to the internal jugular vein in the carotid sheath.
Branches from the ansa cervicalis innervate three of the four infrahyoid muscles, including the sternohyoid muscle, the sternothyroid muscle, and the omohyoid muscle.

Front 62

the spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) is superficial to the prevertebral fascia, what about the brachial plexus and motor nerves of the cervical plexus?

Back 62

they are deep to the prevertebral layer

Front 63

what is found in the muscular triangle?

Back 63

infrahyoid muscles
ansa cervicalis