Head And Neck

Front 1

Skull: 2 parts

Back 1

Neurocranium (8)
Facial Skeleton (14)

Front 2

Fontanels

Back 2

unossified remnants of the membranes in newborns.

Major fontanels are: anterior (ossified within 18-36 months), posterior, mastoid and sphenoid which are ossified within 6 month or more

Hint 2

may buldge or compress due to dehydration of intercranial pressure

Front 3

jugular foramen/ fossa

Back 3

CN 9-11 internal jugular vein, all pass through

Front 4

Formen magnum

Back 4

spinal cord, vertebral arteries, CN XI

Front 5

Stylomastoid foramen

Back 5

CN VII passes through; Innervates all the superficial facial expression muscle

Front 6

Location of cerebellum

Back 6

posterior cranial fossa

Front 7

Foramen rotundum

Back 7

second branch of trigeminal nerve

Front 8

Mandible

Back 8

Largest and strongest facial bone

Front 9

Muscles of scalp:
Epicranius Muscle: (Occipitofrontalis)
Has 2 bellies: Frontal (3), Occipital (2), and in
between, the Galea Aponeurotica (1).

Temporoparietalis M. (5)

Back 9

produces wrinkles in forehead and gives facial expression of Astonishment.
Innervation: All mimetic muscles by Facial nerve (cranial nerve CNVII) .

Front 10

On Old Olympus Towering Tops, A Finn And German Viewed Some Hops

Back 10

I - Olfactory nerve
II - Optic nerve
III - Oculomotor nerve
IV - Trochlear nerve/pathic nerve
V - Trigeminal nerve/dentist nerve
VI - Abducens nerve
VII - Facial nerve
VIII - Vestibulocochlear nerve/Auditory nerve
IX - Glossopharyngeal nerve
X - Vagus nerve
XI - Accessory nerve/Spinal accessory nerve
XII - Hypoglossal nerve

Front 11

You have I nose. You have II eyes.

Back 11

I - Olfactory; II -- Optic

Front 12

Orbicularis Oculi muscle

Back 12

expression of Worry and concern

Front 13

Corrugator supercilli

Back 13

Pathetic pain muscle.
Thinker’s brow expression

Front 14

Orbicularis Oris

Back 14

expression of reserve; closes mouth; sucking shape when strongly contracted

Front 15

Buccinator

Back 15

Allows air to be blown out of mouth; contraction = satisfaction face

Front 16

Zygomaticus Major

Back 16

lifts corners of mouth; laughter, pleasure

Front 17

Risorius

Back 17

laughing muscle; with zygomatic major produces nasolabial folds; action face

Front 18

Lavator anguli oris

Back 18

lifts angle of mouth; self confidence

Front 19

Depressor anguli oris

Back 19

pulls angle of mouth downward; sadness

Front 20

Depressor labii inferioris

Back 20

pulls lower lip down; perseverance

Front 21

Mental foramen

Back 21

permits passage of the mental nerve and vessels

Front 22

Mandibular foramen

Back 22

mandibular nerve, inferior alveolar nerve, inferior alveolar artery.

Front 23

All mimetic muscles are innervated
by ___________ nerve

Back 23

Facial Nerve (CNVII)

Front 24

Muscles of Mastication

Back 24

1. Masseter
2. Temporalis
3. Lateral
4. Medial pterygoid

***All Innervated by Mandibular nerve (CNV/3).
***Develop from 1st branchial arch.

Front 25

CNV= cranial nerve 5 (trigeminal nerve).

Back 25

It has 3 branches: ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular

Front 26

Temporalis Muscle

Back 26

Function: strongest elevator of lower jaw
NN: deep temporal N (CNV/3)

Front 27

Masseter

Back 27

Function: powerfully closes the jaw by elevating
the mandible. NN: Masseteric N (CNV/3)

Front 28

Congenital Torticollis (Wry neck) or Spasmodic Torticollis

Back 28

Shortening of muscle from fibrosis due to injury; happens during birth during delivery or pops up during 20-60 years of age

Front 29

Infrahyoid muscles:
Omohyoid, Sternohyoid,
Sternothyroid and Thyrohyoid

Back 29

*Innervation: Most Infrahyoid muscles are innervated by cervical Ansa (C1-C3).

All infrathyroid muscles work together to approximate thyroid cartilage to hyoid bone. When mouth is open, they stabilize laryngeal cartilages and the hyoid bone.
Omohyoid muscle dilates internal jugular vein lying beneath it

Front 30

Occipital (Omotrapezoid) triangle

Back 30

Care free and careful zone

Front 31

Scalene gap

Back 31

Where Brachial plexus and Subclavian Artery run through

Front 32

Carotid triangle

Back 32

External/ internal jugular, common carotid, in/external carotid, common facial, vagus nerve, hypoglossal nerve, upper root of cervical ansa,

Front 33

Body's largest endocrine gland

Back 33

Thyroid Gland; at level of C5-T1; Produces Thyroxin which controls the rate of metabolism of the body, and Calcitonin controlling Ca++ metabolism.
Important to things like energy, memory, brain development and mood regulation

Front 34

Ectopic Thyroid

Back 34

thyroid underdeveloped or grows in wrong places

Front 35

Parathyroid glands

Back 35

Usually 4; Produce parahormone, controlling the metabolism of P and Ca++.

Front 36

Enlargement of thyroid gland due to excessive production of thyroxin

Back 36

Goiter

Front 37

Sagital suture

Back 37

Connects parietal bones at top of skull

Front 38

Parietal foramen

Back 38

transmits parietal emissary vein which anastamoses with the superior sagittal sinus, and sometimes a small branch of the occipital artery

Front 39

Development of bones of skull by way of

Back 39

intramembranous ossificcation

Front 40

Bell's palsy

Back 40

Paralysis of facial nerve (CN VII)

Front 41

Organ housed inside the temporal bone, involved in hearing

Back 41

Organ of Corti

Front 42

Organ housed inside the temporal bone, controls balance

Back 42

Vestibular apparatus

Front 43

upper part of skull

Back 43

calvaria (cranial vault)

Consists of frontal, parietal, and occipital bones

Front 44

Joint bringing parietal bones together?

Back 44

Sagittal suture

Front 45

Joint bringing parietal and frontal bones together?

Back 45

Coronal suture

Front 46

Location of paranasal cells

Back 46

Ethmoid bone

Front 47

Choanae

Back 47

Posterior openings of the nasal cavities at entrance to nasopharynx

Front 48

Incisive foramen contents

Back 48

Nasopalantine nerve and vessels

Front 49

Foramen ovale contents

Back 49

Maxillary nerve

Front 50

Foramen spinosum

Back 50

Transmits middle meningeal artery and mandibular nerve (V3)

Front 51

Foramen lacerum contents

Back 51

Not really a foramen b/c covered by cartilage but transmits small vessels but has the internal carotid artery run above and across (not through)

Front 52

Jugular foramen contents

Back 52

transmits internal jugular vein and cranial nerves IX X, and XI (9, 10, 11)

Jugular vein: brings almost all of the blood returning from the brain

Front 53

stylomastoid foramen contents

Back 53

contains facial nerve and stylomastoid artery
lies behind styloid process

Front 54

Mandibular fossa

Back 54

site for articulation with mandible

Front 55

Location of the external acoustic meatus

Back 55

Anterior to mastoid process

Front 56

cranial nerve 1 (olfactory) comes up for through these fenestrations

Back 56

Cristagalle on Cribiform plate

Front 57

use of sutures of skull

Back 57

Used in practice for intervention in some conditions such as parkinson’s disease

Front 58

parkinson’s disease

Back 58

(neurodegenerative disease; part of base of ganglia damaged)

Front 59

sterotasis surgery

Back 59

reach brain from skull

Front 60

Bones of orbits (7 in total)

Back 60

sphenoid, ethmoid, lacrimal, maxillary, zygomatic, palantine, and frontal

Front 61

Cranial nerve 5 is also the _____ nerve.
Has 3 branches: _____, ______, and ______

Back 61

trigeminal.; Is both sensory and motor

Hint 61

1st- ophthalmic (sensory nerve (around eye and forehead, giving some skin innervations)
2nd- maxillary (passes through foramen rotundum, innervates interorbital part of skin on face
3rd- mandibular (contains most of motor fibers, passes through foramen ovale)

Front 62

Structure above foramen magnum with foramen lacerum on either side (horse named ___)

Back 62

Clevus

Front 63

Subclavian vein & internal jugular vein join together to form the ___________ vein

Back 63

brachiocephalic

Front 64

Infrahyoid muscle all innervated by ________________ , coming from C1- C3

Back 64

cervical ansa

Front 65

Scalene muscles

Back 65

Most important muscles for quiet inspiration; elevate thoracic cage

NN: Brachial plexus (C4-C8).

Front 66

main nerve of respiration* very important

Back 66

Phrenic nerve

coming from C3, C4 and C5; major nerve innervating the thoracic diaphragm (main muscles of respiration)

Front 67

main muscles of respiration

Back 67

thoracic diaphragm

Front 68

Go to pages 447, 464, 466 and slide 39 on power point 6

Back 68

memorize pictures

Front 69

Pressure should be low or may interfere with blood flow to heart

Back 69

Internal jugular vein puncture