Anatomy Exam 1 Review

Front 1

Plane that divides the body into right and left.

Back 1

Median sagittal

Front 2

Plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior.

Back 2

Frontal (coronal)

Front 3

Parallel with the median plane.

Back 3

Sagittal

Front 4

Plane that divides the body into superior and inferior portions.

Back 4

Transverse/horizontal/axial

Front 5

Flexion/extension typically occurs along which plane?

Back 5

Sagittal

Front 6

Abduction/adduction typically occurs along which plane?

Back 6

Frontal

Front 7

The 5 bone shapes.

Back 7

Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
Sesamoid

Front 8

A a type of simple fracture in which only one side of the bone is broken while the opposite side is bent

Back 8

Greenstick fracture

Front 9

This is often damaged during fracture of the midshaft of the humerus.

Back 9

Radial nerve

Front 10

Fracture caused by the tearing away of a bone fragment where a strong ligament or tendon attachment forcibly pulls the fragment away from the main bone

Back 10

Avulsion fracture

Front 11

3 types of joints

Back 11

Fibrous (skull sutures)
Cartilaginous (symphysis pubis, menubriosternal junction)
Synovial

Front 12

Layers of flat, broad tendons. Seen in external abdominal oblique as well as the lumbar region.

Back 12

Aponeurosis

Front 13

Veins are formed by _____ from venous plexuses.

Back 13

Tributaries

Front 14

Arteries divide into ________ and form _________.

Back 14

Branches
Anastomoses

Front 15

Ascending aorta divides into:

Back 15

Right and left coronary arteries

Front 16

Aortic arch divides into:

Back 16

R brachiocephalic trunk
L subclavian artery
L common carotid artery

Front 17

Descending aorta divides into:

Back 17

Thoracic aorta
Abdominal aorta
Common iliac arteries

Front 18

An increase in size of the anastomoses to provide an alternate route.

Back 18

Collateral circulation

Front 19

Arteries that do not form anastomoses. Can lead to tissue ischemia or infarction when damaged.

Back 19

Terminal end arteries

Front 20

The dorsal (posterior) root of the spinal nerve contains (sensory|motor) fibers.

Back 20

Sensory

Front 21

The ventral (anterior) root of the spinal nerve contains (sensory|motor) fibers.

Back 21

Motor

Front 22

In an xray, attenuation is affected by what?

Back 22

Atomic number
Thickness of the material

Front 23

Most common contrasts used in plain film radiography.

Back 23

Barium or iodine containing compounds.

Front 24

Which type of MRI shows a high signal intensity for fat?

Back 24

Type 1

Front 25

Which type of MRI shows a high signal intensity for water?

Back 25

Type 2

Front 26

Blood supply to the back comes from branches of:

Back 26

Deep cervical artery
Occipital artery
Superior transverse cervical artery
Vertebral artery
Posterior intercostal arteries
Lumbar artery

Front 27

Extrinsic muscles of the back develop from _______ divisions of myotomes supplied by _______.

Back 27

Hypaxial
Ventral primary rami

Front 28

Intrinsic muscles of the back develop from _______ divisions of myotomes supplied by _______.

Back 28

Epaxial
Dorsal primary rami

Front 29

Action of the trapezius

Back 29

Assists in rotation of scapula during abduction of humerus past horizontal.
Upper fibers elevate
Middle fibers adduct
Lower fibers depress

Front 30

Borders of triangle of auscultation

Back 30

Latissimus dorsi
Trapezuis
Scapula/rhomboid major

Front 31

Border of lumbar (Petit's) triangle.

Back 31

Latissimus dorsi
External oblique of abdomen
Iliac crest

Front 32

Arteries important for flow to superficial muscles of the back.

Back 32

Transverse cervical artery
> Superficial branch
> Deep branch (Dorsal scapular artery)

Front 33

Boundaries and contents of deltopectoral groove

Back 33

Pectoralis major
Deltoid
Clavicle

Cephalic vein

Front 34

Boundaries of the quadrangular space

Back 34

Teres Minor
Teres Major
Long head of triceps
Humerus

Front 35

Contents of quadrangular space

Back 35

Axillary nerve

Front 36

Borders of the triangular space

Back 36

Teres major
Teres minor
Long head of triceps

Front 37

Contents of triangular space

Back 37

Circumflex scapular artery

Front 38

Average length of vertebral column for men and women respectively.

Back 38

28"
24"

Front 39

Where does the spinal cord end in adults?

Back 39

Lower border of L1

Front 40

Synovial joint between superior and inferior articular processes.

Back 40

Zygapophysial joint

Front 41

Joint between bodies of vertebra. Most common between C3 and C6

Back 41

Uncovertebral joing

Front 42

Ligament that connects body and IVD anterolaterally. Provides stability and prevents over extension.

Back 42

Anterior longitudinal ligament

Front 43

Ligament that lies behind the bodies and IVD. Prevents disc herniation and hyperfexion

Back 43

Posterior longitudinal ligament

Front 44

Ligament that connects two adjoining laminae. Helps preserve curvature.

Back 44

Ligamentum flava

Front 45

Weak, membrane like ligament between spinous processes

Back 45

Interspinous ligament

Front 46

Where is a lumbar puncture typically administered?

Back 46

L3-4 or L4-5

Front 47

Who is the biggest ***** in all of the forest?

Back 47

Mofuggin' Ted

Front 48

If the scotty dog has a collar.

Back 48

Spondylolysis

(a defect in the pars interarticularis of the vertebral arch)

Front 49

Anterior displacement of the vertebra

Back 49

Spondylolisthesis

Front 50

Most common locations for a herniated disc.

Back 50

L4 or L5

Front 51

Infection of bone

Back 51

Osteomyelitis

Front 52

Radiographic signs of osteomyelitis

Back 52

Rapid disc space loss
vertebral end plate destruction
Paraspinal edema, soft tissue swelling

Front 53

Radiographic signs of tuberculosis

Back 53

Rapid disc space loss
vertebral end plate destruction
Paraspinal edema, soft tissue swelling
paraspinal abscess, often with Ca++
Often multiple levels

Front 54

Radio graphic signs of osteoarthritis

Back 54

sclerosis
osteophyte formation
decreased disc height
vacuum phenomenon

Front 55

Accessory Nerve innervates:

Back 55

Trapezius

Front 56

Thoracodorsal nerve innervates:

Back 56

Latissiums Dorsi

Front 57

Dorsal Scapular Nerve innervates:

Back 57

Levator scapulae
Rhomboid minor
Rhomboid major

Front 58

Dorsal Rami C4-C8 innervates:

Back 58

Splenius capitis
Splenius cervicis

Front 59

Dorsal Primary Rami of the Spinal Nerves innervates:

Back 59

Erector spinae
Semispinalis
Multifidus
Rotatores
Segmental muscles

Front 60

Suboccipital Nerve innervates:

Back 60

Rectus capitis posterior major
Obliquus capitis superior
Obliquus capitis inferior
Rectus capitis posterior minor

Front 61

Suprascapular nerve innervates:

Back 61

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus

Front 62

Subscapular nerve innervates:

Back 62

Subscapularis (inferior + superior)
Teres major (inferior)

Front 63

Axillary nerve innervates:

Back 63

Teres minor
Deltoid

Front 64

Anterior primary rami innervates:

Back 64

Serratus posterior superior (T2-5)
Serratus posterior inferior (T9-12)

Front 65

Trapezius is innervated by:

Back 65

Accessory nerve

Front 66

Latissimus dorsi is innervated by:

Back 66

Thoracodorsal nerve

Front 67

Supraspinatus is innervated by:

Back 67

Suprascapular nerve

Front 68

Infraspinatus is innervated by:

Back 68

Suprascapular nerve

Front 69

Subscapularis is innervated by:

Back 69

Inferior and superior subscapular nerve

Front 70

Teres major is innervated by:

Back 70

Inferior subscapular nerve

Front 71

Teres minor is innervated by:

Back 71

Axillary nerve

Front 72

Deltoid is innervated by:

Back 72

Axillary nerve

Front 73

Levator scapulae is innervated by:

Back 73

Dorsal scapular nerve

Front 74

Rhomboid major is innervated by:

Back 74

Dorsal scapular nerve

Front 75

Rhomboid minor is innervated by:

Back 75

Dorsal scapular nerve

Front 76

Splenius capitis is innervated by:

Back 76

Dorsal rami C4-8

Front 77

Splenius cervicis is innervated by:

Back 77

Dorsal rami C4-8

Front 78

Erector spinae is innervated by:

Back 78

Dorsal primary rami of the spinal nerves

Front 79

Semispinalis is innervated by:

Back 79

Dorsal primary rami of the spinal nerves

Front 80

Multifidus is innervated by:

Back 80

Dorsal primary rami of the spinal nerves

Front 81

Rotatores is innervated by:

Back 81

Dorsal primary rami of the spinal nerves

Front 82

Segmental muscles is innervated by:

Back 82

Dorsal primary rami of the spinal nerves

Front 83

Rectus capitis posterior major is innervated by:

Back 83

Suboccipital nerve

Front 84

Rectus capitis posterior minor is innervated by:

Back 84

Suboccipital nerve

Front 85

Obliquus capitis superior is innervated by:

Back 85

Suboccipital nerve

Front 86

Obliquus capitis inferior is innervated by:

Back 86

Suboccipital nerve

Front 87

Serratus posterior superior is innervated by:

Back 87

Anterior primary rami T2-5

Front 88

Serratus posterior inferior is innervated by:

Back 88

Anterior primary rami T9-12

Front 89

Muscles that make up Spinotransversales

Back 89

Splenius capitis
Splenius cervicis

Front 90

Muscles that make up the erector spinae

Back 90

Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis

Front 91

Muscles that make up the transversospinale

Back 91

Semispinalis
Multifidus
Rotatores

Front 92

Suboccipital muscles

Back 92

Rectus capitis posterior major
Rectus capitis posterior minor
Obliquus capitis superior
Obliquus capitis inferior

Front 93

Action of spinotransversale group

Back 93

Together: Extend neck (head back)
Individual: Rotate neck ipsilaterally

Front 94

Action of transversopinales group (except semispinalis capitis)

Back 94

Bilaterally: Extensors of spine
Unilaterally: rotate spine contralaterally

Front 95

Action of semispinalis capitis

Back 95

Bilaterally: Extends head (draw backwards)
Unilaterally: Raises chin and rotates it ipsilaterally

Front 96

Action of obliquus capitis superior

Back 96

Extension and lateral bending of the head

Front 97

Action of obliquus capitis inferior

Back 97

Rotates head ipsilaterally

Front 98

Borders of the suboccipital triangle

Back 98

Rectus capitis posterior major
Obliquus capitis superior
Obliquus capitis inferior

Front 99

Contents of the suboccipital triangle

Back 99

Vertebral artery
C1 Nerve