Anatomy Ch15 Brain And Cranial Nerves

Front 1

How much does the brain weigh?

Back 1

1.4 kg or 3lbs

Front 2

Cranial nerves are part of which NS

Back 2

PNS

Front 3

Mostly made of neuronal cell bodies plus dendrites and unmyelinated axons. Found in an outer layer called the cortex and in deeper groups of cells called nuclie

Back 3

Gray matter

Front 4

Mostly made of myelinated axons and found deep to the cortex in tracts

Back 4

White matter

Front 5

What protects the brain from the hard skull and contains and circulates cerebrospinal fluid?

Back 5

Meninges

Front 6

What are the three layers of the meninges?

Back 6

1. Dura
2. arachnoid
3. pia

Front 7

1. Toughest portion of the meninges
2. has two layers

Back 7

Dura

Front 8

What are the two layers of the Dura?

Back 8

1. periosteal
2. meningeal

Front 9

This layer of the dura attaches to the bone?

Back 9

periosteal

Front 10

When the periosteal and meningeal separate and function as veins that drain blood to the CSF into the internal jugular veins they form

Back 10

dural veinous sinuses

Front 11

Folds of the meningeal layer form this

Back 11

Dural septa

Front 12

What is the function of the dural septa

Back 12

partion the brain, help stabilize the brain

Front 13

What are the four dural septa

Back 13

1. falx cerebri
2. tentorium cerebelli
3. diaphragm sellae
4. falx cerebelli

Front 14

Collagen and elastic fibers give this layer flexibility. Some of the fibers also extend down into the subarachnoid space where CSF circulates

Back 14

Arachnoid

Front 15

Most delicate layer
Follows the brain contour exactly

Back 15

Pia

Front 16

Contain cerebrospinal fluid and choroid plexus

Back 16

Ventricles

Front 17

Makes CSF from blood and consists of ependymal cells and capillary beds

Back 17

Choroid plexus

Front 18

How many ventricles and what are they called?

Back 18

Four
1. lateral ventricles (2)
2. Third ventricle
3. Fourth ventricle
The ventricles are continuous with each other and the fourth is continuous with the central canal and spinal chord

Front 19

This is a paired ventricle in the cerebrum

Back 19

Lateral venticle

Front 20

This ventricle is within the diencephalon

Back 20

Third ventrice

Front 21

This ventricle is between the brain stem and cerebellum

Back 21

Fourth ventricle

Front 22

This ventricle is continuous with the central canal of the spinal chord

Back 22

Fourth ventricle

Front 23

1. clear liquid that fills ventricles and the subarachnoid space
2. gives bouyancy to the brain
3. Protects brain from rapid motion
4. Provides nutrients
5. Has quick turn over
6. Drains out into the dural venous sinus

Back 23

CSF
Cerebrospinal fluid

Front 24

CSF drains out of this

Back 24

Dural venous sinus

Front 25

What are the four main parts of the brain?

Back 25

1. cerebrum
2. diencephalon
3. brainstem
4. cerebellum

Front 26

Our most complex processes occur here like thinking, planning, language and sensory perception

Back 26

Cerebrum

Front 27

how man hemispheres are there in the cerebrum and what separates them?

Back 27

2 hemispheres
Longitudinal fissure

Front 28

What is unique about sensory and motor information sent from the two hemispheres of the cerebrum

Back 28

they are sent to opposite sides. Left hemisphere send info to right side of the body

Front 29

Outer layer of the gray matter that has gyri (ridges) and sulci (grooves)

Back 29

Cerebral cortex

Front 30

Ridges of cerebral cortex

Back 30

Gyri

Front 31

Grooves of cerebral cortex

Back 31

Sulci

Front 32

What are the 5 lobes of the cererbal cortex

Back 32

1. Frontal
2. parietal
3. Occipital
4. Temporal
5. Insula

Front 33

This seperates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe

Back 33

Central sulcus

Front 34

Crucial for emotions, coordinating physical movement and for forming memories

Back 34

Cerebral nuclei

Front 35

This type of cerebral nuclei is Important in initiating walking

Back 35

Caudate nucleus
(Walking a cow on a date)

Front 36

This type of cerebral nuclei is involved in emotions and moods

Back 36

amygdala

Front 37

This type of cerebral nuclei has to do with subconssious muscle control and muscle tone

Back 37

Putamen and globus pallidus
(When your putting em in you need muscle tone)

Front 38

This type of cerebral nuclei deals with Subconscious processing of visual information

Back 38

claustrum
(clause is a visual guy)

Front 39

What are the three type of tracts in the cebral cortex made up of? What are they?

Back 39

White matter
1. association
2. commissural
3. projection

Front 40

This tracts connects between areas within one hemisphere

Back 40

Association tract

Front 41

This tracts connects between the left and right hemisphere. Give an example

Back 41

Commiseral tract. an example is the corpus collusum

Front 42

This tract connects between the cerebrum and more inferior parts of the NS

Back 42

Projection tracts

Front 43

Are all functions localized?

Back 43

No. Some are but other not

Front 44

This local controls skeletal muscle

Back 44

Primary motor cortex in frontal lobe

Front 45

This local Processes somatic sensory information

Back 45

Primary somatosensory cortex in parietal lobe processes

Front 46

This local processes visual information

Back 46

Visual cortex in occipital lobe

Front 47

Which functions are not localizd

Back 47

Memory storage and consciousnesses

Front 48

A bilateral structure that is deep to the cerebrum

Back 48

Diencephalon

Front 49

What component of the diencephalon contains the pineal gland? Is it paired?

Back 49

Epithalamus. Not paired

Front 50

What component of the diencephalon is paired, has multiple nuclei, is a relay station for sensory information coming into the CNS and has to do with mood modifications and emotions

Back 50

Thalamus

Front 51

Controls emotions
controls autonomic system
" " endocrine system
Connected to the pituitary gland through the infundibulum

Back 51

Hypothalamus

Front 52

Functions
sleep and wake control
Heartbeat control
breathing control
Processing centers for cranial nerves 3-12

Back 52

Brainstem

Front 53

What are the four components of the brainstem

Back 53

1. mesencephalon
2. Pons
3. Medulla oblongata
4. White matter tracts

Front 54

another name for midbrain

Back 54

mesencephalon

Front 55

part of brain stem Contains the superior colliculus (visual reflexes) and inferior colliculus for auditory reflexes

Back 55

Mesencephalon

Front 56

part of brain stemContains important breathing centers and forms the floor of the fourth ventricle

Back 56

Pons

Front 57

Part of brain stemConnects brain to spinal chord
Contains important cardiac control centers
Ridges on anterior side are the pyramids

Back 57

Medulla oblongata

Front 58

motor tracts that cross (decussate) in inferior medulla oblongata

Back 58

Pyramids of the medulla oblongata

Front 59

Part of brainstem.Passageway for projections tracts between more superior CNS areas and the spinal chord

Back 59

White matter tracts

Front 60

Refines voluntary motor commands of the primary motor cortex of the cerebrum

Back 60

Cerebellum

Front 61

What connects the two hemisphers of the cerebellum

Back 61

vermis

Front 62

Where is the cerebellum located with respect to the ocipital lobe and the brain stem

Back 62

inferior to the occipital lobe of the cerebrum and posterior to the pons and medulla oblongata of the brainstem

Front 63

What does the cerebellum contain

Back 63

gray and white matter

Front 64

this is a white matter tract that connects cerebellum to the pons mesencephalon and medulla oblongata

Back 64

Cerebellar Peduncles

Front 65

pneumonic for nerves
and nerves

Back 65

oh once one troll tries a facial, vests glow vaguely, access holywood
1. olfactory
2. optic
3. oculomotor
4. trochlear
5. trigeminal
6. abducens
7. Facial
8. vestibulocochlear
9. Glossopharyngeal
10. Vagus
11. accessory
12. hypoglossal

Front 66

pneumonic for type nerves and types

Back 66

some say mary money but my brother says "bad business marrying money"
1. sensor - olfaction
2. sensory - vision
3. motor - eye movements
4. motor - eye movements
5. Both - sensory mouth motor chew
6. motor - eye movements
7. Both - sensory taste motor facial ex
8 sensory - hearing & equib
9. Both - sensory taste motor salivatio
10. Both - sensory visceral motor autonomic and somatic of pharynx and larynx
11.motor - trapezius and sternocleidomastoid
12. motor - tounge muscles

Front 67

The hypothalamus is connected to the pituitary gland through this

Back 67

Infundibulm