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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the 4 major parts of the Brain?
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-Brain Stem
-Cerebellum -Diencephalon -Cerebrum |
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Continuation of spinal cord; consist of medulla oblongata, pons & midbrain
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-Brain Stem
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Second largest part of brain
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-Cerebellum
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Thalamus & hypothalamus
(Main link to endrocrine system) |
-Diencephalon
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Largest part of brain
(Seat of Intelligence) |
-Cerebrum
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Name the 3 cranial meninges.
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-Dura Mater (outer)
-Arachnoid Mater (middle) -Pia Mater (innermost) |
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Formed by Astrocytes and protects brain from harmful substances
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-Blood-Brain Barriere (BBB)
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Also known as a stroke or brain attack.
Most common brain disorder |
Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)
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Where does clear ECF fluid circulates?
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-Through cavities in the brain, spinal cord & subarachnoid space
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Brain cavities filled with CSF
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-Ventricles
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The sites of CSF production are the _______ ________, which are specialized networks of capillaries in the walls of the ventricles.
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-Choroid Plexuses
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____________ __________ is formed by ependymal cells from blood plasma by filtration and secretion.
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-Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
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CSF is continuously recycled; reabsorbed in the blood by ___________ _______.
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-Arachnoid villi
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Inferior part of brain stem, continuous with spinal cord
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-Medulla Oblongata
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Two major nuclei of the medulla?
(Nuclei = masses of gray matter where neurons form synapes with one another, a meeting place.) |
-Cardivascular Center (CV):Heartbeat
-Medullary Rhythmicity area: Breathing rate |
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Drug & alcohol overdose, swallowing, vomiting, coughing, hiccupping & sneezing are linked to _________ __________ area.
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-Medullary rhythmicity
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Part of the brain stem that is above the medulla and anterior to the cerebellum, consists of both nuclei & tracts. Middle protion
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-Pons (bridge)
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Bundles of axons that connects parts of the brain with one another. ie: Right & left sides of cerebellum
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-Pons
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Cranial verves V-VIII originate in the Pons (middle portion). Name them
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V-Trigeminal
VI-Abducens VII-Facial VIII-Vestibulocochlear |
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The superior portion of the brain stem.
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-Midbrain
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Cranial nerves III-IV originate in the Midbrain. Name them.
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III-Oculomotor
IV-Trochlear |
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Major part of the brain that extends from the brain stem to the cerebrum & surrounds the third ventricle.
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-Diencephalon
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2 major parts of the Diencephalon.
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-Thalamus
-Hypothalamus |
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Main relay station for sensory impulses to cerebral cortex
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-Thalamus
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Major regulator of homeostasis
controls thirst, hunger, body temperature |
-Hypothalamus
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Second larges part of the brain
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-Cerebellum
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What are the functions of the cerebellum?
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-coordinates & regulates movemements, posture & balance
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*The seat of intelligence
*Cerbral Cortex *Gyri (Convolutions) *Sulci *Longitudinal fissure Cerebral hemispheres |
-the Cerebrum
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Folds
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-Gyri (convolutions)
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Four lobes of the cerebral hemisphere that are named after the bones that cover them:
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-Frontal lobe
-Parietal lobe -Temporal lobe -Occipital lobe |
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Separates the frontal and parietal lobes
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-The Central Sulcus
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A major gyrus that is located immediately anterior to the central sulcus and contains the primary motor area of the cerebral cortex.
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-Precentral gyrus
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Gyrus located immediately posterior to the central sulcus, contains the primary somatosensory area of the cerebral cortex.
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-Postcentral gyrus
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5th part of the cerebrum that cannot be seen at the surface of the brain because it lies within the lateral cerebral sulcus, deep to the parietal, frontal & temporal lobes.
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-Insula
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Name the three types of tracts within the cerebral white matter:
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-Association tracts
-Commissural tracts -Projection tracts |
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Tracts that transmit impulses within same hemisphere
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-Association Tracts
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Tracts that transmit impulses between hemispheres; is larger in females
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-Commissural tracts
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Transmits impulses to/from sensory & motor tracts
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-Projections tracts
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Progressive disorder that destroys Dopamine (DA) producing neurons
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-Parkinson Disease
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"Emotional Brain" controls emotional aspects of behavior such as pain, pleasure, affection & anger.
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-The Limbic System
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Functional Area of Cerebral Cortex: Motor areas
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-Primary motor area
-Broca's area |
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Precentral gyrus that controls voluntary contractions?
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-Primary motor area
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Motor area of the cerebral cortex having to do with speech
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-Broca's area
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How many pairs of cranial nerves?
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-12 pairs
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Cranial Nerves are designated by _________ __________, (________>__________) & names.
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-Roman Numerals
-Anterior > Posterior |
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Cranial nerves are part of the ____________ nervous system.
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-Peripheral (PNS)
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Sensory nerve
Sense of smell |
--I (Olfactory Nerve)
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Sensory nerve
Vision |
-II Optic Nerve
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Motor cranial nerve
Originates in midbrain Supplies extrinsic eye muscles; controls eye movements & elevates upper eyelid |
-III Oculomotor Nerve
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Mixed cranial nerve
Originates in pons Supplies facial expression muscles |
-VII Facial Nerve
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Sensory cranial nerve
Originates in pons & medulla Vestibular (Equilibrium) Cochlear (Hearing) |
-VIII Vestibulocochlear Nerve
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Unresponsive & only aroused briefly by vigorous & repeated stimulation
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-Stupor
(ie: Drunken Stupor) |
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Facial paralysis
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-Bells Palsy
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Tinnitus (ringing in the ears), vertigo (balance) & ataxia (lack of muscular coordination or precision)are results of problems with this sensory cranial nerve:
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-VIII Vestibulocochlear nerve
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Is produced by the choroid plexuses
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-Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
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If Broca's area of the cerebrum is damaged, the result is loss of
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-Speech
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Loss of the sense of smell could result from injury to which cranial nerve
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-I Olfactory Nerve
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The part of the brain that functions to coordinate voluntary muscular movements & detect discrepancies when movements are not being carried out correctly is the:
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-Brain stem
(Pons - VIII Vestibulocochlear nerve) |
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The principal relay station for sensory iompulses as they pass to the cerebral cortex is the
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-Thalamus
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The hypothalamus is located in the:
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-Diencephalon
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The most superior & largest part of the brain is the
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-Cerebrum
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The 1st & 2nd lateral ventricles are surrounded by which part of the brain?
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-Cerebrum
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The choroid plexuses are located in the
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-Ventricles of the brain
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The (BBB) blood-brain barrier is created by thight junction seals around brain capillaries fromed by the
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-Astrocytes
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Projection tracts (fibers) connect:
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-The cerebrum to lower parts of the CNS
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The region of the brain that helps to control equilibrium is the
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-Cerebellum
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The (III) oculomotor nerve originates in the
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-Midbrain
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The most common brain disorder is
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-A cerebrovascular accident (stroke)
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