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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the largest portion of the brain?
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The cerebrum
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How is the cerebrum divided?
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Left and right cerebral hemisphere
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What is the cerebrum dividing structure called?
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The longitudinal fissure
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What are the smaller subdivisions, beyond hemispheres, of the cerebrum called?
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Lobes
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Where is the diencephalon located?
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Between the cerebral hemispheres and the brain stem.
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What portion of the brain do the thalmus and hypothalmus reside?
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The diencephalon
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What portions of the brain does the brain stem connect?
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The cerebrum and the diencephalon with the spinal cord.
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What is the three portions of the the brain stem called and where are the in respect to each other?
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1) The mid-brain is the superior portion
2) the pons is the mid-portion 3) The lowest portion is medulla oblongata |
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What is the 'foramen magnum'?
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A large opening at the base of the skull where the medulla connects with the spinal cord.
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What does 'cerebellum' mean and where is it?
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- 'Littel brain'
- Below the posterior part of the cerebral hemispheres |
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What connects the cerebellum to the rest of the brain and where does it connects?
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1) Pons
2) The cerebrum, brain stem and spinal cord |
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What is the 'meninges'?
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Layer of connective tissue around the brain and spinal cord to form a complete enclosure
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Describe the layers of the meninges.
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There are three layers:
1) The outermost is called Dura Mater 2) The middle layer is Arachnoid 3) The third innermost is called Pia Mater |
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What is CSF and where is it and what is its purpose?
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1) CerebroSpinal Fluid
2) Located in the subarachnoid space 3) Cushion and chock absorber, distributes nutrients and gets rid of waste products |
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Where is the crebrospinal fluid produced?
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In the choroid plexus of the four ventricles
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How is CSF produced?
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By filtration of blood and by cell secretion
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What are the lobes of the cerebrum?
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Frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital
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What is the white matter called that relays information within CNS?
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Corpus Callosum
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What are the peaks and valleys called in the cerebral cortex?
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Peak = Gyri
Valley = Sulci |
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Name two prominent valleys in the cerebral cortex?
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The central sulci and the lateral sulci
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What are 'basal nuclei'? Where are they and what is their purpose?
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1. Gray matter located deep within each hemisphere - groups of neurons
2. They control facial muscles and body movement |
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What are the 3 functions of the frontal lobe?
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1.Motor
2.Speech 3.complex problem solving |
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What are the 2 functions of the parietal lobe?
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1. Sensory
2. Estimation of size, distance |
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What are the 2 functions of the temporal lobe?
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1.Auditory
2. Olfactory |
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What are the 2 functions of the occipital lobe?
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1. Visual input
2. Visual association |
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What is the 'cerebral cortex'? Where is it and what does it do?
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The layer of gray matter forms the surface of each cerebrum hemisphere; receiving and analyzing nerve impulses. Specifically association, judgment and discrimination, conscious deliberation and voluntary actions.
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What function does the 'thalmus' serve?
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Sorts incoming impulses and and sends to appropriate areas - gate keeper or mail room
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What 3 functions does the 'hypothalmus' serve?
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1.Controls ANS to regulate homeostasis
2.Controls pituitary gland and endocrine functions 3.Controls body temperature, hunger and thirst |
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What's the 'mammalian' brain?
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The diencephalon
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What's the 'reptilian' brain?
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The brain stem
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What 3 functions does the 'limbic system' serve?
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1, Emotional states and behavior
2. Learning and long term memory 3. Links functions between cerebral cortex and brain stem |
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Where is the 'limbic system'?
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Between cerebrum and diencephalon
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What 2 functions does the 'midbrain' serve?
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Reflex centers for eye tracking and hearing
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What function does the 'pons' serve?
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Bridge connecting cerebellum and rest of nervous system
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What function does the 'medulla oblongata' serve?
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Controlling base respiration, heart rate and blood pressure
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What function does the 'cerebellum' serve?
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Controls balance, coordination and muscle tone
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How many Cranial nerve pairs are there? And what are the four categories?
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12 pairs
1. Special sensory impulses 2. General sensory impulses 3. Somatic motor impulses 4. Visceral motor impulses |
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What is the 3 'V' cranial nerve functions and name?
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Trigeminal -
Eye, teeth sensory and chewing motor |
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What is the function of 'VII' cranial nerve and name?
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Facial -
muscles of facial expression |
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What is the 'X' cranial nerve characteristics and name?
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Vagus -
Longest cranial nerve Supplies many thoracic and abdominal organd and glands that produce digestive secretions |
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What is the 'XI' cranial nerve and name?
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Accessory -
Innervates SCM and Trapezius |
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What does 'sensation' mean?
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Aware of stimulus
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What does ' perception' mean?
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Interpretation of stimulus
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Name all the 5 sensory receptors and the functional area.
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1. Chemoreceptor - smell, taste
2. Photoreseptor - light 3. Thermoreceptor - temperature 4. Mechanoreceptor - movement 5. Nocioreceptor - pain and cell death |
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Explain difference between General and Special senses.
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Special: vision, hearing, taste, smell
General: pressure, temperature, touch, pain, position |
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Name five pain relieving neurochemicals increased due to massage?
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Dopamine, endorphins, enkephalins, oxytocin and serotonin
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Due to massage, what does decreased 'cortisol' do?
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Allows us to better tolerate stress
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Due to massage, what does decreased 'substance P' do?
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A neurotransmitter that triggers pain response
It is part of Chronic Fatigue syndrome and Fibromyalgia |
