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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the layers of the integument.
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Epidermis
Dermis |
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The epidermis consists of a layer of what kind of tissue?
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stratified squamous epithelium
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The dermis consists of a layer of what kind of tissue?
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areolar and dense irregular CT
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Hypodermis consists of moslty what kind of tissue?
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adipose CT
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What controls the blood vessel diameter and hair position?
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smooth muscle
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Which layer is avascular?
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epidermis
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What are the four types of cells in the epidermis?
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keratinocytes
melanocytes Tactile (Merkel) cells Epidermal dendritic (Langerhans) cells |
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What is the most abundant cell type in the epidermis?
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keratinocytes
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List the layers of the epidermis from bottom to top
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stratum basale
stratum spinosum stratum granulosum stratum lucidum stratum corneum |
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List the layers of the epidermis from top to bottom
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stratum corneum
stratum lucidum stratum granulosum stratum spinosum stratum basale |
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Which layer of epidermis undergoes mitosis
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stratum basale
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Which layer of epidermis are melanocytes in?
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stratum basale
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Which layer of epidermis are tactile cells in?
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stratum basale
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What are the three cell types in the stratum basale?
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keratinocytes
melanocytes tactile cells |
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Which layer of epidermisare epidermal dendritic cell in?
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stratum spinosum
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Which layer of epidermis does keratinization occur?
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stratum granulosum
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Which layer is only present in thick skin?
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stratum lucidum
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In stratum lucidum, cells lack organelles and are filled with ____ and is ___ layers thick.
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eleidin
2-3 |
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Stratum granulosum is ____ layers of flattened keratinocytes.
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3-5
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What three pigments determines skin color?
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hemoglobin
melanin carotene |
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What is a localized overgrowth of melanocytes?
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nevus / mole
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What are the two types of hemangiomas?
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capillary
cavernous |
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What result from increase melanocyte activity?
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freckles
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What are the two layers of dermis
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papillary
reticular |
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Where is the papillary layer located
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deep to stratum basale of epidermis
superficial to reticular layer |
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What are the two interlocking layers of the epidermis and dermis called?
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dermal papillae
epidermal ridges |
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Why is the dermal papillae important?
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contains capillaries that supply nutrients to the avascular epidermis
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What is the reticular layer comprised of?
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dense irregular CT
collagen fibers blood vessels glands hair follicles nerves |
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What are lines of cleavage?
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lines in the deep dermis formed by orientation of collagen bundles
heal better if cut along lines than across |
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What are the functions of nerves in the dermis?
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tactile receptors
control blood flow control glandular secretion |
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What is the narrowing of blood vessels called and what is it's purpose?
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vasoconstriction
preserve body heat |
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What is the widening of blood vessels called and what is it's purpose?
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vasodilation
realease body heat |
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What is the subcutaneous layer also called?
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hypodermis
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What tissue is the hypodermis made of?
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areolar
adipose |
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What is the function of the hypodermis?
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protection
store energy thermal insulation |
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The nail plate include the...
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free edge
nail body nail root |
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Where is the nail derived from
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stratum corneum
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WHat is the live epidermal cells under the nail body?
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nail bed
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What is the thickened growing part of the nail bed
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nail matrix
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What is the white semilunar proximal area of the nail body?
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lunula
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What is the term for cuticle?
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eponychium
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Th dermis is composed mainly of ____.
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collagen fibers
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Regions of hair from deep to surface
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hair papilla
hair bulb hair root hair shaft |
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what are the three kinds of hair and where are they usually found
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lanugo - fetal hair
vellus - all over body terminal hair - thick course hair - scalp, brow, lash, pubic |
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What are the involuntary smooth muscles attached to the hair shaft
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arrector pili
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3 keratinized hair cells from beep to superficial
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matrix/medulla
cortex cuticle |
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Functions of hair
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protection
heat retention facial expression sensory reception visual identification chemical signal dispersal |
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Three phases of hair growth
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anagen phase - active growth 18mo-7years
catagen phase - cell division ceases 3-4weeks telogen phase - resting phase, shedding 3-4months |
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Thinning of hair is called ____
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alopecia
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What are the two most common skin exocrine glands and what do they produce?
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sweat glands - watery
sebaceous glands - oily |
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What are the two rarer skin exocrine glands and what do they produce?
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ceruminous glands - ear wax
mammary glands - milk |
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Which sweat glands secrete into a duct with a pore on the skins surface?
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merocrine sweatglands
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Where are merocrine glands typically found?
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forehead
palms soles |
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What is the function of merocrine glands?
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thermoregulation
secretion protection |
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Which sweat glands secrete into hair follicles?
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apocrine sweat glands
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Where are apocrine glands typically found?
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areolae - nipples
axillae - armpits pubic - groin anal |
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Which sweat gland produces thick, cloudy, with proteins and lipids?
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apocrine sweat glands
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Which glands lubricate hair and skin
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sebaceous glands
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Which skin cancer arises from the stratum basale
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basal cell carcinoma
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Which skin cancer arises from the stratum spinosum
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squamos cell carcinoma
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Which skin cancer arises from the melanocytes
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malignant melanoma
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