Anatomy And Physiology Ch 5 (Integumentary System)

Front 1

integumentary system

Back 1

largest organ of the body
10 - 11 lbs. approx. 22 sq. ft.

Front 2

2 parts of the skin

Back 2

epidermis
dermis

Front 3

4 types of cells in the epidermis

Back 3

keratinocytes 90%
melanocytes 8%
langerhans
merkel

Front 4

epidermis tissue

Back 4

keratinized stratified squamous epithelial

Front 5

keratinocytes

Back 5

contain intermediate filaments
produce protein keratin
produce lamellar granules

Front 6

keratin

Back 6

tough, fibrous protein that helps protein and underlying tissue

Front 7

lamellar granules

Back 7

lipid rich secretion
acts as a water repellant sealant

Front 8

melanocytes

Back 8

produce melanin
long, slender projections transfer melanin granules to keratinocytes

Front 9

melanin

Back 9

brown skin pigment
produced by melanocytes

loss = albinism
vitiligo

Front 10

langerhans

Back 10

derived from red bone marrow
act like macrophages in a microbial immune response

Front 11

merkel cells

Back 11

function in sensation & touch through merkel disk and contact disk "big butt" interaction
found in the deepest layers of the epidermis

Front 12

layers of the epidermis

Back 12

stratum basale
stratum spinosa
stratum granulosum
stratum lucidum (thick skin only)
statum corneum

Front 13

statum basale

Back 13

base layer
contains stem cells & keratin
if base layer is destroyed there is no skin growth without a skin graft

Front 14

3 types of skin grafts

Back 14

autograft - patient
isograft - identical twin
autologous - donor

Front 15

stratum spinosa

Back 15

same organelles as stratum basale
spiny projections between cells are intermediate filaments joining cells through desmosomes (junctions)
thckest layer, provides strength and flexibility (pinch your cheek)

Front 16

stratum granulosum

Back 16

transition layer between deep, metabolically active cells and dead cells of the more superficial strata
contains granles of protein keratohyelin and lamellar granules

Front 17

stratum lucidum

Back 17

densely packed layers of dead keratinocytes
present only in thick-skinned areas (palms, soles of feet, etc.)

Front 18

strata corneum

Back 18

most superficial layer
25-30 layers of flattened dead keratinocytes
lamellar granule secretions fill the extracellular spaces providing waterproofing

Front 19

keratinization

Back 19

cells move from deep to superficial accumulating keratin as they move through each layer
buildup of keratin causes apoptosis
dead cells slough off as newer cells replace them

Front 20

2 layers of dermis

Back 20

papillary
reticular

Front 21

merkel cells

Back 21

function in sensation & touch through merkel disk and contact disk "big butt" interaction
found in the deepest layers of the epidermis

Front 22

layers of the epidermis

Back 22

stratum basale
stratum spinosa
stratum granulosum
stratum lucidum (thick skin only)
statum corneum

Front 23

statum basale

Back 23

base layer
contains stem cells & keratin
if base layer is destroyed there is no skin growth without a skin graft

Front 24

3 types of skin grafts

Back 24

autograft - patient
isograft - identical twin
autologous - donor

Front 25

stratum spinosa

Back 25

same organelles as stratum basale
spiny projections between cells are intermediate filaments joining cells through desmosomes (junctions)
thckest layer, provides strength and flexibility (pinch your cheek)

Front 26

stratum granulosum

Back 26

transition layer between deep, metabolically active cells and dead cells of the more superficial strata
contains granles of protein keratohyelin and lamellar granules

Front 27

stratum lucidum

Back 27

densely packed layers of dead keratinocytes
present only in thick-skinned areas (palms, soles of feet, etc.)

Front 28

strata corneum

Back 28

most superficial layer
25-30 layers of flattened dead keratinocytes
lamellar granule secretions fill the extracellular spaces providing waterproofing

Front 29

keratinization

Back 29

cells move from deep to superficial accumulating keratin as they move through each layer
buildup of keratin causes apoptosis
dead cells slough off as newer cells replace them

Front 30

2 layers of dermis

Back 30

papillary
reticular

Front 31

papillary region

Back 31

areolar connective
dermal papillae
free nerve endings
(for hot, cold, pain, tickle, pinch)

Front 32

dermal papillae

Back 32

capillary loops
corpuscles of touch

Front 33

reticular region

Back 33

dense irregular connective tissue
(collagen and elastin)
hair follicles
sebaceous glands
sudoriferous glands

Front 34

epidermal ridges

Back 34

reflect contours of dermal papillae
increase friction
genetically determined fingerprints

Front 35

Basis of skin color

Back 35

melanin
carotene
hemoglobin

Front 36

carotene

Back 36

yellow orange pigment
resides in stratum basale

Front 37

hemoglobin

Back 37

pink pigment of blood vessels in the dermis
blue skin = cyanosis (lack of oxygen)

Front 38

sebacious glands

Back 38

secrete oily, moisturizing substance
connect to hair follicles or skin surface
inflammation = acne

Front 39

sudoriferous glands

Back 39

apocrine sweat gland
axilla, pubic, breast aureola
sticky sweat
stress sexual excitement

Front 40

eccrine glands

Back 40

throughout skin
mainly forehead, palms, soles
watery, cooling sweat
heat aactivated

Front 41

ceruminous glands

Back 41

secretes waxy substance
combines with sebacous gland secretions to form cerumen
(ear wax)