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128 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 7 divisions of biology?
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Zoology, botany, microbiology, morphology, physiology, genetics, embryology
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Who is the father of medicine?
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Hippocrates
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What is the Hippocratic oath?
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oath to do no harm
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who is Galen?
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the first person to present the idea that disease had a cause
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Who is Vesalius?
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the "father of anatomy". pointed out Galen's errors
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Who is William Harvey?
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discovered circulation
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Who is Claude Bernard?
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discovered the concept of internal secretion. Endocrine system
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Concept of homeostasis?
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a chemical balance within the body
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The levels of organization?
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1. chemical level 2. cells 3. tissues 4. organs 5. organ system 6. organism
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negative feedback?
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an increase in the output of one system triggers a decrease of the original stimulus which then slows or stops the activity
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Positive feedback?
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"cascades" the response incerease the original so that the activity is sped up
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Sagittal
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vertical; right and left (a cut made legnth wise)
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Median sagettal?
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equal right and left halves
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frontal
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vertical; divides into anterior and posterior (front, back)
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What cavities are in the dorsal cavity>
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cranial and spinal
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what cavities are in the vental cavity>
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thoracic (digestion), and abdominopelvic (digestion)
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Whats in the abdominopelvic cavity?
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abdominal cavity (reproductive)
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Integumentary system?
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external body covering; skin
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skeletal system?
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bones, cartilages, legaments, and joints; framework for movement
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Muscular system?
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mobility, move fluids (blood urine), or other substances through the body
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Nervous system?
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brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors; controls body activity
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Endocrine system?
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hormones
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Cardiovascular system?
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heart, blood vessels- transportation, protection from infection
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Lymphatic system?
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Lymph vessels, lymph nodes, lymphoid organs- cleanse the blood and location of immune cells
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Immune system?
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protection against infection
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respiratory system?
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nasal passage, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs- takes in oxygen
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Digestive system?
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oral catity, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, and rectum; breakdown of food, expel wastes
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urinary (excretory) system?
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kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra- elimination of nitrogenous wastes
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Reproductive system?
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produce offspring 1. male- sperm, scrotum, penis; 2. female- ova, ovaries, uterins tubes, uterus, vagina
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anatomical position?
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body erect with feet parallel, arms hanging at the sides, palms facing forward, thumbs lateral
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what cavities are in the vental cavity>
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thoracic (digestion), and abdominopelvic (digestion)
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Whats in the abdominopelvic cavity?
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abdominal cavity (reproductive)
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Integumentary system?
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external body covering; skin
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skeletal system?
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bones, cartilages, legaments, and joints; framework for movement
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Muscular system?
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mobility, move fluids (blood urine), or other substances through the body
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Nervous system?
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brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors; controls body activity
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Endocrine system?
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hormones
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Cardiovascular system?
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heart, blood vessels- transportation, protection from infection
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Lymphatic system?
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Lymph vessels, lymph nodes, lymphoid organs- cleanse the blood and location of immune cells
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Immune system?
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protection against infection
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respiratory system?
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nasal passage, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs- takes in oxygen
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Digestive system?
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oral catity, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, and rectum; breakdown of food, expel wastes
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urinary (excretory) system?
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kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra- elimination of nitrogenous wastes
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Reproductive system?
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produce offspring 1. male- sperm, scrotum, penis; 2. female- ova, ovaries, uterins tubes, uterus, vagina
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anatomical position?
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body erect with feet parallel, arms hanging at the sides, palms facing forward, thumbs lateral
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bilateral symmetry?
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same on both sides
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Whats the main axis?
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head, torso
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Main axis (midline)?
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head, neck, torso
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distal?
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away from the main axis or midline
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medial?
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toward the main axis
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lateral?
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away from the main axis
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prone?
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laying face down
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supine
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laying face up
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superior (cranial)?
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toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body above
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Inferior (caudal)?
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away from the head end or toward the lower part of a stucture or the body below
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What are the necessary functions to maintain life?
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maintaining boundaries, movement, responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, excretion, reproductive, growth
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What is matter?
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anything that has mass and volume
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What is in the classes of matter?
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elements, compounds, mixtures
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Elements?
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simplist forms of matter
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Compounds?
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two or more elements joined by chemical bonds
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mixtures?
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combinatin of two or more elements, compounds, etc. in which the individuals don't lose their identity
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The Physical form of matter?
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the distance betweent atoms determines the form of matter (gas, solid, liquid)
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Atoms?
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incapable of being divided
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Protons?
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the number of protons= atomic number
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Neutrons?
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Protons and neutrons= atomic weight
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electrons?
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negatively charged
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Isotopes?
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formed by transfer of electrons
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Covalent bonding?
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sharing electrons
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diatomic elements?
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formed by covalent bonds
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2 forms of energy?
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Kinetic (energy in motion), Potential (energy at rest)
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Chemical energy?
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stored in the bonds of chemical substances
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Electrical energy?
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movement of charged particles
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Mechanical evergy?
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directly involved in moving matter
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Radiant energy?
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travels in waves, the electromagnetic spectrum
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metabolism?
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all the reactions in the body that require energy
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2 types of metabolism?
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anabolism, catabolism
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anabolism?
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build up- energy is stored
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catabolism?
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break down- energy is released
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oxidation formula?
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C6H12O6 + 6O2 > 6H2O + 6CO2
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chemical reactions?
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invove absorption or release of energy
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types of chemical reactions?
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synthesis, decomposition, replacement
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Synthesis?
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build up- human body
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Decomposition?
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broden down- sellular respiration
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Replacement?
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changing of partners
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Factors affectiong reaction rate?
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temperature, particle size, concentratino, catalysts
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Properties of compounds?
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chimically combined, elements always in definite ratios, elements lose their identity, build up or breakdown involves energy
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acidic substance?
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release h+ ions
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basic substance?
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release OH+ ions
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types of carbs?
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monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccarides
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monosaccharides?
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glusose, fructose, galactose
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mixtures?
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combinatin of two or more elements, compounds, etc. in which the individuals don't lose their identity
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The Physical form of matter?
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the distance betweent atoms determines the form of matter (gas, solid, liquid)
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Atoms?
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incapable of being divided
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Protons?
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the number of protons= atomic number
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Neutrons?
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Protons and neutrons= atomic weight
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electrons?
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ions are atoms with a charge
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Isotopes?
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formed by transfer of electrons
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Covalent bonding?
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sharing electrons
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diatomic elements?
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formed by covalent bonds
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2 forms of energy?
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Kinetic (energy in motion), Potential (energy at rest)
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Chemical energy?
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stored in the bonds of chemical substances
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Electrical energy?
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movement of charged particles
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Mechanical evergy?
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directly involved in moving matter
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Radiant energy?
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travels in waves, the electromagnetic spectrum
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metabolism?
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all the reactions in the body that require energy
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bilateral symmetry?
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same on both sides
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Whats the main axis?
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head, torso
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Main axis (midline)?
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head, neck, torso
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distal?
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away from the main axis or midline
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medial?
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toward the main axis
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lateral?
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away from the main axis
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prone?
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laying face down
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supine
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laying face up
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superior (cranial)?
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toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body above
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Inferior (caudal)?
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away from the head end or toward the lower part of a stucture or the body below
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What are the necessary functions to maintain life?
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maintaining boundaries, movement, responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, excretion, reproductive, growth
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What is matter?
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anything that has mass and volume
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What is in the classes of matter?
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elements, compounds, mixtures
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Elements?
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simplist forms of matter
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Compounds?
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two or more elements joined by chemical bonds
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disaccharides?
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sucrose, maltose, lactose
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Polysaccharides?
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starch, cellulose, glycogen
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lipids?
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reserve energy supply
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proteins?
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1. composed of amino acids 2. functions of proteins
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DNA deoxyribunucleic acid?
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most complex organic molicule known to exist
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Who discovered DNA?
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james watson and francis crick
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hydrogen bonds?
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hold the ladder in DNA together
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RNA?
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one less oxygen than DNA
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