Anatomy-Back-Test 2

Front 1

early, middle, and late signs of osteoporosis in the spine

Back 1

early: striated patterns on the vertebral bodies
middle: loss of striation and increased radiolucency (more clear and less white of the bodies)
late: excessive kypohosis, bodies have become wedge-shaped. planar, and biconcave
common in thoracic vertebrae

Front 2

laminectomy

Back 2

surgical excision of one or more spinous processes and the adjacent supporting laminae
performed anatomically to view the spinal cord and/or roots of spinal nerves
performed surgically to relieve pressure on spinal cord or nerve roots caused by tumor, herinated IV disc, or bony hypertrophy (excessive growth)

Front 3

lumbar vertebral body are

Back 3

the largest
slightly concave superiorly and inferiorly to accomodate the intervertebral discs

Front 4

chance fracture

Back 4

horizontal severing of vertebra
best seen on a lateral view of the spine b/c the frontal view may give the apperance that there are two spinous processes at one level
often the result of a MVA in which the seat belt immbolizes the pelvis while the rest of the torso is thrust forward, this is called a hyperflexion distraction-impaction injury

Front 5

burst fracture

Back 5

results in a collapse of the entire vertebral body
with a lateral view, the heights of the anterior and posterior wall is shorter than the normal ones
fragments extending into the spinal canal are common
on the front view, the interpedicular distance is increased
MOI is fall from height

Front 6

herniation slide

Back 6

dessicaiton and degenration of the other discs has led them to become darker than normal

Front 7

bone destruction illness

Back 7

infectious discitis/vertebral osteomyelitis

Front 8

ridge that extends laterally from the inion to the mastoid process

Back 8

superior nuchal line

Front 9

pointy bit that sticks out from scapula

Back 9

acromion process

Front 10

features of cervical vertebrae

Back 10

bodies are rectangular and are concave superiorly and inferiorly
have transfer foramen
the spinous processes are bifid
a large triangular vertebral foramen

Front 11

features of thoracic vertebrae

Back 11

long, strong transverse processes
columnar bodies in a heart-shpe
2 costal facets on each side of body and 1 on transverse process on each side

Front 12

features of lumbar vertebrae

Back 12

massive columnar body that is kidney-shaped
spinous processes are short, broad, and blunt

Front 13

upper ridge of pelvis bone

Back 13

iliac crest

Front 14

part that sticks back from pelvis bone

Back 14

posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS)

Front 15

three lines on the back

Back 15

vertebral line
paravertebral line
scapular line

Front 16

neck region

Back 16

from the superior nuchal line to the first rib

Front 17

thoracic wall

Back 17

rib cageh

Front 18

lumbar area

Back 18

lower end of chest well to the iliac crest

Front 19

demarcation of the upper and lower portions of neck

Back 19

bounded by the superior nuchal line

Front 20

landmarks on the posterior chest

Back 20

meidal end of the scapular spine is at the level of the T3 vertebra
inerior angle of the scapula is at the level of T7
T12 can be found by counting down from T7
intercristal line or supracristal plane marks T4

Front 21

big structures specific to the atlas

Back 21

lateral masses

Front 22

places on the rib for articulation

Back 22

superior and inferior costal demifacets

Front 23

part of your neck from the external occipital prominence to T7

Back 23

nuchal groove

Front 24

ridge on your back that overlies the vertebrae

Back 24

median longitudinal furrow or posterior median furrow

Front 25

parts that stick up from top of sacrum

Back 25

sacral superior articular processes

Front 26

where the dimples form

Back 26

posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS)

Front 27

muscles that run up either side of spinal cord

Back 27

erector spinae muscles

Front 28

Jefferson fracture

Back 28

aka burst
MOI: hitting head on the bottom of a pool in a diving accident (for example)

Front 29

traumatic spondylolysis

Back 29

usually the fracture occurs at the pars inarticularis
MOI: hyperextension of the neck
aka whiplash injury or hangman's fracture

Front 30

lumbar spinal stenosis

Back 30

narrowing of the lumbar verebral foramen
can sometimes be alleviated by laminectomy

Front 31

caudal epidural anesthesia

Back 31

local aneshtetic agent is injected into the fat of the sacral cannal usually via the sacral hiatus (opening between the coccyx and the 4th sacral process)

Front 32

injury of coccyx

Back 32

could be a fracture, a dislocation of the sacrococcygeal joint, or a combo of both