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211 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How do you find the total magnification of the microscope? |
ocular lense x objective lense
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what part is this?
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ocular lense
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what are these 2 items?
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on/off switch & light control
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What part is this?
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mechanical stage
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what part is this? |
objective lense
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what is the switch under the stage?
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iris diaphragm lever |
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what are these two knobs?
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coarse adjustment knob
fine adjustment knob |
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what are the 4 kinds of objective lenses?
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broad field lense
medium(low) power lense high power lense oil immersion lense |
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what's the definition of tissues?
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similar looking cells with a similar function
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what are the 4 kinds of tissue?
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epithelial tissue
connective tissue muscle tissue nervous tissue |
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what's the definition of epithelial tissue?
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lines the body surface and body cavities
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how do you categorize epithelial tissue?
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# of layers and the shape of the cells surface
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what are the different layers called for epithelial tissue
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simple
stratified pseudostratified |
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what are the different shapes of epithelial tissue?
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squamous
cuboidal columnar transitional |
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what kind of epithelial is this?
where can it be found? |
simple squamous epithelial
kidney, air sacs of lungs |
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what kind of epithelial is this?
where can this be found? |
simple cuboidal
kidney tubeles, ovary surface |
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what kind of epithelial is this?
where can it be found? |
simple columnar
lines the stomach and digestive tract |
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what kind of epithelial is this?
where can it be found in the body? |
ciliated pseudostratified columnar
lining the trachea and bronchi |
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what kind of epithelial is this?
where can it be found? |
stratified squamous
skin, esophagus, and mouth |
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what kind of epithelial is this?
where can it be found? |
stratified cuboidal
sweat glands, mammary glands, and salivary glands |
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what kind of epithelial is this?
where can you find this? |
stratified columnar
urethra |
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what kind of epithelial is this?
where can you find this? |
transitional
bladder and ureter |
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what is this cell?
what does it do? |
goblet cell
secretion |
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what is the definition of connective tissue?
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connects and holds the body together
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how is connective tissue categorized?
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type of matrix and type of fibers present
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what are the 5 kinds of connective tissue?
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blood
bone cartilage dense connective tissue loose connective tissue |
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what is the fluid of blood called?
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plasma
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what does plasma consist of?
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erythrocytes leukocytes platelets
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what is the periosteum in bone?
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outer layer of bone
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where is the endosteum in bone?
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inner layer of bone that lines the marrow cavity
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what's a compact bone?
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found along the shaft of long bones and the surface of most bones
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what is a osteon? |
the structural and functional units of compact bone
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what is the central canal of a osteon?
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the hollow space in the middle
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what are perforating canals?
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connects one central canal of an osteon to another
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what is a lamellae on an osteon? |
rings or layers coming off the the central canal |
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what is lacunae in an osteon? |
tiny space between the lamellae |
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what is canaliculi in an osteon? |
canals that connect one lacunae to another |
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what is a osteoblasts in a osteon? |
cell that makes bone |
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what is a osteocytes in a osteon? |
located in lacunae |
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where is spongy bone located? |
found in the ends of long bones, the body of vertebrae, the middle of cranial bones and the sternum |
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what are the thin boney plates that are the structural and functional units of spongy bone called? |
trabeculae |
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what is cartilage? |
cells spread out in a matrix of chondroitin sulfate
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what is a chondroblast?
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makes cartilage
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what is a chondrocytes?
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mature cartilage cell found is small spaces
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what kind of connective tissue is this?
where can it be found? |
elastic cartilage
outer ear |
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what kind of connective tissue is this? |
fibrocartilage
intervertebral discs |
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what kind of connective tissue is this?
where can it be found? |
regular dense connective
tendons and ligaments |
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what kind of connective tissue is this?
where can it be found? |
irregular dense connective
fibrous joint capsules |
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what kind of connective tissue is this?
where can it be found? |
elastic dense connective
aorta |
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what kind of connective tissue is this?
where can it be found? |
areolar
found in mucous membranes and dermis of skin |
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what kind of connective tissue is this?
where can it be found? |
adipose
breast tissue |
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what kind of connective tissue is this?
where can it be found? |
reticular connective
lymph nodes and spleen |
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what kind of connective tissue is this?
where is it found? |
bone (osteon)
bones |
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what kind of connective tissue is this?
where is it found? |
blood
blood vessels |
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what kind of connective tissue is this?
where is it found? |
hyaline cartilage
connects ribs to the sternum |
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what is adipose?
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fat
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what's the definition of muscle tissue?
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cells that can contact
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what are the 3 kinds of muscular tissue?
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skeletal
cardiac smooth |
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what are the characteristics of skeletal muscle?
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voluntary, multinucleated, striated, long cylindrical cells
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what kind of muscle tissue is this?
where can it be found? |
skeletal muscle
attached to bones |
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what kind if muscle is this?
where can it be found? |
cardiac muscle
heart |
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what are the characteristics of cardiac muscle?
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involuntary, uninucleated, striated, branching cells, intercalated discs, gap junctions
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what are intercalated discs?
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thick connections between cardiac muscle cells
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what are gap junctions?
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tiny microscopic hollow tubes that connect two cardiac cells
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what kind of muscular tissue is this?
where can it be found? |
smooth muscle
in walls of hollow organs |
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what are the characteristics of smooth muscle?
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involuntary, uninucleated, no striations, elongated nuclei
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what is the definition of nervous tissue?
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cells that detect stimuli and transmits electrical impulses throughout the body
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what are two things found in nervous tissue?
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neurons & neuroglia
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what kind of tissue is this?
where can it be found? |
nervous tissue
brain, spinal chord |
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what is the definition of neurons?
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the structural and functional units of the nervous system
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what is the definition of neuroglia?
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cells that wrap around, insulate, and protect neurons
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what is the cell membrane?
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semipermeable barrier between the inside of the cell and the outside world
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what part of the cell is this?
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centrioles
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what is the function of the centrioles?
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involved in cell division anchor cells that the chromosomes are pulled towards when the cell divides.
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what is a chromatin?
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spread out forms of DNA and protein
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what is a chromosome?
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condensed format of DNA and protein
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what is cilia?
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microscopic hair like extensions of the cell membrane that move things along the membrane of the cell
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what is cytoplasm?
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area between the cell membrane and the nucleus
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what is cytoskeleton?
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filament and tubes provides support for the cell and helps transport things, biggest structure in cell
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what is cytosol?
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fluid found in cytoplasm
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what is flagellum?
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structure for locomotion
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what part of the cell is this?
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golgi complex
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what is the function of the golgi complex?
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packages things for secretion
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what is a lysosome?
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membrane wrapped around digestive enzymes
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what part of the cell is this?
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microvilli
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what is the function of microvilli?
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increases surface area of a cell
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what part of the cell is this?
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mitochondria
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what is the function of mitochondria?
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makes most of the ATP
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what is the nuclear membrane?
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outside part of the nucleus (envelope)
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what part of the cell is this?
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nucleolus
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what is the function of the nucleolus?
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makes RNA
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what is the nucleus?
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part that contains genetic material
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what are ribosomes?
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makes proteins, attached to rough ER and in cytoplasm
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what part of the cell is this?
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rough endoplasmic reticulum
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what part of the cell is this?
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smooth endoplasmic reticulum
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what is the function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
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stores ions
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what is mitosis?
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involved in the growth and repair of a cell
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what are the stages of mitosis?
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interphase
prophase metaphase anaphase telophase |
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what is a diploid cell?
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contains 2 sets of chromosomes
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what is interphase?
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longest stage of mitosis
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what are the 3 parts to interphase?
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G1 of interphase
S of interphase G2 of interphase |
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what is G1 of interphase?
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1st growth phase, begins to duplicate organelles, starts to replicate centrosomes
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what is S of interphase?
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DNA replication occurs
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what is G2 of interphase?
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cell growth continues, duplication and replication are completed
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what is prophase?
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chromatin starts to condense into chromosomes, nucleus begins to break down
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what is metaphase?
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chromosomes line up in the middle of a cell
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what is anaphase?
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pulling of genetic material apart, cytokinesis begins late in this stage
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what is telophase?
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cytokinesis completes, nuclear envelope begins to form
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what is cytokinesis?
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division of the cytoplasm
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what stage of mitosis is this?
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interphase
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what stage of mitosis is this?
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prophase
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what stage of mitosis is this?
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metaphase
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what phase of mitosis is this?
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anaphase
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what stage of mitosis is this?
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telophase
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what is meiosis ?
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produces sex cells, gamete
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what is gamete?
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eggs and sperm
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where does meiosis occur?
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in the gonads (ovaries & testes)
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how does the cell for meiosis begin as
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1 diploid cell
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how does the cell end as after meiosis occurs?
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4 unique haploid cells
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what is the abdominal cavity?
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the area that houses the stomach, intestines, liver, and other organs
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what is the abdominopelvic cavity?
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the cavity inferior to the diaphragm
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what is antebrachial?
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fore arm
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what is antecubital?
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anterior surface of the elbow
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what is anterior?
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front
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what is axillary?
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armpit
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what is brachial?
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upper arm
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what is calcaneal?
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heal of foot
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what is carpal?
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wrist
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what is cephalic?
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entire head
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what is cervical?
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neck region
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what is coronal plane (frontal plane)?
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plane that divides the body from anterior and posterior
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what is cranial?
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bones that immediately surround the brain, skull
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what is cranial cavity?
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hollow space that contains your brain
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what is crural?
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leg
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what is deep?
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internal, away from the body's surface
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what is diaphragm?
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separates the thoracic cavity from the rest of the ventral cavity
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what is distal?
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away from the main part of the body
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what is dorsal
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back side
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what is the dorsal cavity?
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where the cranial cavity and vertebral or spinal cavity are located
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what is epigastric?
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upper middle abdominal section
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what is facial?
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contains the area from eyes to chin
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what is femoral?
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thigh
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what is gluteal?
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buttocks
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what is hallux?
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big toe
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what is hypogastric?
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middle lower section of abdomen
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what is hypochondriac?
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under the cartilage, under rib cartilage, 2 sides right and left
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what is iliac?
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hip bone region, 2 sides
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what is inferior?
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below other structures
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what is lateral?
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towards the side
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what is lumbar? |
either side of bellybutton region, located in both front and back, lower/small of back
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What is mammary? |
breast region |
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What is medial? |
towards the midline |
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What is metacarpal? |
makes up the palm |
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What is Mediastinum? |
what divides the thoracic cavity in half |
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What is metatarsal? |
foot |
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What is olecranal? |
posterior side of the elbow |
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What is Parietal pleura? |
membrane on the outer wall of the pleural cavity |
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what is parietal pericardium? |
membrane on the outer wall of the pericardial cavity |
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What is parietal peritoneum? |
membrane on the outer wall of the peritoneal cavity |
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What is patellar? |
knee cap |
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What is pelvic cavity? |
contains the urinary bladder, reproductive, and rectum |
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what is pericardial cavity? |
where the heart is located |
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What is peritoneal cavity? |
same as abdominopelvic cavity usually used when talking about the membranes |
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what is phalangeal? |
fingers |
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What is plantar? |
entire bottom of the foot |
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what is pleural cavity? |
where the lungs are |
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What is pollex? |
thumb |
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What is popliteal? |
back of knee |
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What is posterior? |
back |
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What is proximal? |
closer to the main part of the body |
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What is sagittal plane? |
divides the body into left and right? |
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What is spinal cavity? |
where the spinal chord is located |
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What is superficial? |
bodys surface |
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What is superior? |
above |
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What is sural? |
calf |
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What is tarsal? |
ankle |
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what is thoracic cavity? |
contains heart and lungs |
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What is transverse plane? |
divides the body into superior and inferior |
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What is umbilical? |
belly button middle section of the abdomen |
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What is ventral? |
front side |
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What is ventral cavity? |
contains thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities |
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What is visceral pericardium? |
membrane on the outer surface of the heart |
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What is visceral peritoneum? |
membrane on the outer surface of all the organs in the peritoneal cavity |
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What is visceral pleura? |
membrane on the outer surface of the lungs |
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What is the epidermis? |
consists of stratified squamous epithelial tissue, avascular,cells become keratinized |
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what is keratin? |
a waterproof protein in skin |
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What are the layers of the epidermis? |
Stratum corneum stratum lucidum stratum granulosum stratum spinosum stratum basale |
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What is stratum corneum? |
outer most layer, dead cells |
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What is stratum lucidum? |
Thin translucent layer of dying cells filled with keratin |
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What is stratum granulosum? |
thin dark staining layer of dying cells |
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What is stratum spinosum? |
Varies on thickness, living cells |
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What is stratum basale? |
Single layer, bottom of epidermis contains melanocytes |
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What is melanocytes? |
makes dark pigment called melanin |
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What is the dermis? |
The thickest layer of skin, consist of connective tissue, vascular, has fibroblasts, adipose cells |
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What is fibroblasts? |
cell that makes fibers |
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What are the layers of the dermis? |
Papillary region reticular region |
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What is the papillary region? |
the upper 20% of the dermis |
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What are dermal papillae? |
bumps that extend up into the epidermis, makes up fingerprints and footprints |
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What are corpuscles of touch? |
touch receptors, lite pressure |
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What is the reticular region? |
the other 80% of the dermis |
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What is laminated corpuscles? |
located deep in the dermis, detects heavy pressure |
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What is eccrine sudoriferous gland? |
secretes a watery sweat directly to the surface of the skin |
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What is appocrine sudoriferous gland? |
secretes a thicker and more odiferous secretion are the base of the hairs of the axillary and pubic regions |
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What is the hair shaft? |
part of the hair extending above the skin |
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what is the hair root? |
part of hair under the skin |
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what is the hair follicle? |
layer sounding the root in the dermis |
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What us the hair root bulb? |
rounded bottom of the hair root |
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what is the hair root papilla? |
dome shaped indentation in the hair root bulb |
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What is sebaceous gland? |
secrete an oily secretion around the hair root, waterproofs and lubricates |
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what is a arrector pili muscle? |
smooth muscle makes hair stand up and produces goose bumps |
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What is the hypodermis? |
located between the dermis and the underlying bones or muscle, has large blood vessels, nerves and lots of adipose tissue |
