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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anatomy
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Study of the structure and shape of body parts
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Physiology
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Study of the function of body parts and how they work
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LEVELS OF STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION
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chemical -> molecular -> cellular -> tissue -> organ -> organ system -> organismal
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Atom
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base of the chemical level of organization; building blocks of matter
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Molecule
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made up of multiple atoms; *water (H2O) and proteins*
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Cell
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Smallest unit of all living things
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Tissue
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groups of similar cells that form together with a common function; *smooth muscle cells -> smooth muscle tissue*
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Organ
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Structure made of two or more tissue types that performs a specific function for the body *Small Intestine*
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Organ System
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groups of organs that cooperate to accomplish a common purpose *Cardiovascular system*
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Organism
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Highest level of structural organization
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LIST ALL ORGAN SYSTEMS
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*11 organ systems* Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Lymphatic, Cardiovascular, Endocrine, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary, and Reproductive.
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Integumentary System
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Skin - waterproofs body, cushions and protects deeper tissues from injury, performs excretion, and helps regulate body temperature
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Skeletal System
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bones, cartilage, ligaments, and joints – provides framework to support body and skeletal muscles, stores minerals and produces blood cells (hematopoiesis) , protection for internal organs
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Muscular System
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– skeletal muscles form this system, muscles have one function – to contract (shorten), skeletal muscles differ from the muscles of the heart and other hollow organs
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Nervous system
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body’s control system, brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory receptors – sensory receptors detect differences in environment and send nerve impulses to the central nervous system (brain / spinal cord)
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Endocrine System
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controls bodily activities, produces hormones and sends them into blood to target certain organs, system made up of glands, includes pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, thymus, pancreas, pineal, ovaries (female), testes (male), glands not connected to each other, growth/reproduction/food use governed partially by hormones
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Cardiovascular System
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Primary organs – heart & blood vessels, carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and substances to and from tissue cells where exchanges are made, blood cells and chemicals in blood protect the body from foreign invaders, heart acts as pump to push blood to all body tissues through vessels
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Lymphatic System
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complimentary to cardiovascular system, includes lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils. Helps cleanse blood and house white blood cells involved in immunity, returns fluid leaked from blood to blood vessels
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Respiratory System
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keeps body supplied with oxygen, removes carbon dioxide. Major Organs - Nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs
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Digestive System
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Breaks down food and delivers the products to the blood for dispersal to the body's cells, main organs- oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, sm. and lg. intestines, and rectum. Liver & pancreas also aid and take part in the digestive process
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Urinary System
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Excretes nitrogen-containing wastes from blood, other functions - maintains body's water and salt balance and regulates acid/base balance of blood, major organs - kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra
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Reproductive System
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exists to produce offspring
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Male Reproductive System parts
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Testes (produce sperm), scrotum, penis, accessory glands, duct system (carries sperm to outside of body)
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Female Reproductive System parts
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Ovary (produces eggs/ova), uterine tubes, uterus, & vagina
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irritability
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the body's ability to respond to outside stimulus
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Metabolism
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broad term that refers to all chemical reactions that occur within body cells
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Homeostasis
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the body's ability to maintain relatively stable internal condition while the outside world changes
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