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93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Zygomaticus Major Origin: Zygomatic bone Insertion: Orbicularis Oris; angle of mouth Action: Draws mouth superiorly and laterally |
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Zygomaticus Minor Origin: Zygomatic bone Insertion: Upper lip Action: Elevates upper lip; exposes teeth |
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Orbicularis Oculi Origin: Medial wall of orbit Insertion: Around the orbit Action: Closes eye |
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Levator Labii Superioris: Origin: Above infraorbital foramen Insertion: Orbicularis Oris; angle of mouth Action: Raises upper lip |
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Levator Anguli Oris Origin: Inferior to infraorbital foramen Insertion: Orbicularis Oris; skin of lower lip Action: Draws mouth superiorly and laterally |
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Risorius Origin: Fascia over parotid gland Insertion: angle of mouth Action: draws mouth laterally (grimmace) |
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Occipitofrontalis (frontal belly) Origin: Aponeurosis on skull Insertion: Skin superior to supraorbital margin Action: draws scalp anterior; raises eyebrows |
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Buccinator Origin: Maxilla and Mandible Insertion: Orbicularis Oris Action: presses cheeks against teeth; assists in chewing |
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Platysma Origin: fascia over deltoid and pectoralis major Insertion: Mandible; skin of lower face Action: Draws outer lip laterally and posteriorly; depresses mandible (pouting) |
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Superior Rectus Origin: Tendinous ring at optic foramen Insertion: Superior part of eyeball Action: Move eye superiorly |
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Inferior Rectus Origin: Tendinous ring at optic foramen Insertion: Inferior part of eyeball Action: Move eye inferiorly |
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Medial Rectus Origin: Tendinous ring at optic foramen Insertion: Medial part of eyeball Action: Move eye medially |
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Lateral Rectus Origin: Tendinous ring at optic foramen Insertion: Lateral part of eyeball Action: Move eye laterally |
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Masseter Origin: Maxilla and Zygomatic arch Insertion: angle and ramus of mandible Action: Elevates mandible |
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Temporalis Origin: Temporal bone Insertion: Coronoid process and ramus of mandible Action: Elevates and retracts mandible |
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Sternocleidomastoid Origin: Manubrium of sternum and clavicle Insertion: Mastoid process and occipital bone Actions: Bilaterally: flex cervical vertebrae Unilaterally: Lateral flexion to the same side or turning the head to the opposite side RMA: Elevates sternum during forced inhalation *divides neck into the anterior and posterior triangles |
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Semispinalis Capitus Origin: Articular processes of C4-C6 & transverse processes of C7-T7 Insertion: Occipital bone Actions: Bilaterally: Extend head Unilaterally: rotates head to opposite side |
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Splenius capitus Origin: ligamentum nuchae; spinous processes of C7-T4 Insertion: occipital bone & mastoid process Actions: Bilaterally: Extend head Unilaterally: rotates and laterally flexes head to same side |
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Rectus Abdominis Origin: Pubic bone Insertion: Cartilage of ribs 5-7 & Xiphoid process Action: Flexes vertebral column and compresses abdomen *Tendinous intersections form a 6 pack |
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External oblique (*fascicles run medially and inferiorly) Origin: ribs 5-12 Insertion: Iliac crest, linea alba Actions: Bilaterally: compress abdomen & flex vertebral column Unilaterally: Lateral flexion and rotation |
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Internal oblique (*fascicles run medially and superiorly) Origin: Iliac crest Insertion: Linea alba & cartilage of ribs 7-10 Actions: Bilaterally: compress abdomen and flex vertebral column Unilaterally: lateral flexion and rotation |
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Transversus Abdominis (*fascicles run transversely) Origin: Iliac crest & cartilage of ribs 5-10 Insertion: Xiphoid process, linea alba, and pubis Action: Compresses abdomen |
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Rectus sheaths Formed by the aponeuroses of the external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis |
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External intercostals (11 pairs) Origin: inferior border of rib above Insertion: Superior boarder of rib below Action: elevates ribs for inhalation |
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Internal Intercostals (11 pairs) Origin: Superior border of rib below Insertion: Inferior border of rib above Action: Draws ribs together for forced exhalation |
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Erector Spinae |
Consists of iliocostalis muscles (lateral), longissimus muscles (intermediate), and spinalis muscles (medial). |
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Illiocostalis Cervicis Origin: Ribs 1-6 Insertion: Transverse processes of C4-C6 Actions: Bilaterally: Extends and maintains posture of the cervical vertebral column. Unilaterally: Lateral flexion of cervical vertebral towards contracted side Illiocostalis Thoracis Origin: Ribs 7-12 Insertion: Ribs 1-6 Actions: Bilaterally: Extends and maintains posture of the thoracic vertebral column. Unilaterally: Lateral flexion of thoracic vertebral towards contracted side Illiocostalis Lumborum Origin: Iliac crest Insertion: Ribs 7-12 Actions: Bilaterally: Extends and maintains posture of the Lumbar vertebral column. Unilaterally: Lateral flexion of lumbar vertebral towards contracted side |
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Longissimus Capitus Origin: Articular process of C4-C7 & transverse processes of T1-T4 Insertion: Mastoid process of the temporal bone Action: Bilaterally: Extends head & vertebral column Unilaterally: Rotation of head to same side Longissimus Cervicis Origin: Transverse processes of T4-T5 Insertion: Transverse proceses of C2-C6 Action: Bilaterally: Extends vertebral column Unilaterally: Lateral flexion to same side Longissimus Thoracis Origin: Transverse processes of Lumbar vertebrae Insertion: Transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae and superior lumbar vertebrae; ribs 9 & 10 Action: Bilaterally: Extends vertebral column Unilaterally: Lateral flexion to same side |
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Spinalis Capitis Origin: Articular processes of C4-C6, transverse processes of C7-T7 Insertion: Occipital bone Action: Extends vertebral column and head Spinalis Cervicis Origin: Ligamentum nuchae & spinous process of C7 Insertion: Spinous process of axis Action: Extends vertebral column and head Spinalis Thoracis Origin: Spinous processes of T10-L2 Insertion: Spinous processes of superior thoracic vertebrae Action: Extends vertebral column and head |
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Subclavius Origin: Rib 1 Insertion: Clavicle Action: Depresses and moves clavicle anteriorly |
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Pectoralis Minor: Origin: Ribs 2-5 Insertion: Coracoid process Action: Abducts (protracts) scapula; elevates and rotates scapula downward. |
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Serratus anterior (Boxers muscle **horizontal arm movements) Origin: Ribs 1-9 Insertion: Vertebral border & inferior angle of scapula Action: Abducts scapula; rotates it upwards RMA: elevates ribs when scapula is stable |
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Trapezius Origin: Occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, & spinous processes of C7-T12 Insertion: Clavicle; acromion and spine of scapula Action: Superior fibres: Elevate scapula and upward rotation Middle fibres: Adduct (retract) scapula Inferior fibres: Depress and upward rotate scapula RMA: Extension of head |
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Levator Scapulae Origin: Transverse processes of C1-C4 Insertion: Superior vertebral border of the scapula Action: Elevation and downward rotation of the scapula |
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Rhomboid Major Origin: Spines of T2-T5 Insertion: Vertebral border of scapula, inferior to spine of scapula Action: Elevates, adducts, and downward rotates scapula |
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Rhomboid Minor Origin: Spines of C7-T1 Insertion: Vertebral border superior to the spine of the scapula Action: Elevates, adducts and downward rotates scapula |
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Pectoralis Major (axial) Origin: Clavicle; sternum; costal cartilages of ribs 2-6 Insertion: Greater tubercle & lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus Action: Medially rotates arm @ shoulder joint, adducts arm. Clavicular head: Flexion of the arm Sternal head: Extension of the arm |
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Latissimus Dorsi (axial) Origin: Spines of T7-L5, sacrum & ilium, Ribs 9-12 Insertion: Intertubercular sulcus Action: extends, adducts, & medially rotates the arm RMA: Elevates vertebral column |
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Scapular muscles that move the humerus |
Deltoid, Subscapularis, Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, Teres Major, Coracobrachialis |
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Deltoid Origin: Acromial end of clavicle, acromion & spine of scapula Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity Action: Flexion & extension, medial & lateral rotation, and abduction of the arm |
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Subscapularis Origin: Subscapular fossa Insertion: Lesser tubercle Action: Medial rotation of arm |
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Supraspinatus Origin: Supraspinous fossa Insertion: Greater tubercle Action: Abduction of arm |
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Infraspinatus Origin: Infraspinous fossa Insertion: Greater tubercle Action: Lateral rotation of arm |
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Teres Minor Origin: Inferior lateral border (axillary border) of scapula Insertion: Greater tubercle Action: Lateral rotation & extension of arm |
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Teres Major Origin: Inferior angle of scapula Insertion: Medial lip of intertubercular sulcus Action: Extension, adduction and medial rotation |
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Coracobrachialis Origin: Corocoid process Insertion: Mid-medial surface of humerus Action: Flexes and adducts arm |
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Rotator Cuff Muscles |
Subscapularis Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres Minor |
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Carpal bones |
Lateral to medial (thumb to pinkie) Proximal: Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrium (most visible on posterior view) Pisiform (only seen on anterior view) Distal: Trapezium Trapezoid Capitate Hamate (hooked) |
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Flexor Carpi Radialis (superficial anterior) Origin: Medial epicondyle Insertion: Metacarpals II & III Action: Flexes and abducts hand (radial deviation) |
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Palmaris Longus (superficial anterior - tendon is palpable) Origin: Medial epicondyle Insertion: Flexor retinaculum & palmar aponeurosis Action: Weak flexion of hand at wrist joint |
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Flexor Carpi Ulnaris (superficial anterior) Origin: Medial epicondyle Insertion: Pisiform, Hamate, and base of metacarpal V Action: Flexion of hand and ulnar deviation |
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Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (deepest muscle of the superficial anterior compartment) Origin: Medial epicondyle, coronoid process, and anterior surface of radius Insertion: Middle phalanges of digits II-V |
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Flexor Pollicis Longus (deep anterior) Origin: Anterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane Insertion: Base of distal phalanx of thumb Action: flexes distal phalanx of thumb |
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Flexor Digitorum Profundus (deep anterior) Origin: Anterior medial surface of ulna Insertion: Base of distal phalanges of fingers Action: Flexes proximal, middle and distal phalanges, and hand |
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Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus (superficial posterior) Origin: Lateral supracondylar ridge; lateral epicondyle Insertion: Metacarpal II Action: Extends and abducts hand at wrist |
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Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis (superficial posterior) Origin: Lateral epicondyle Insertion: Metacarpal III Action: Extends and abducts hand at wrist |
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Extensor Digitorum (superficial posterior) Origin: Lateral Epicondyle Insertion: middle and distal phalanges Action: Extends proximal, middle, and distal phalanges, and hand |
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Extensor Digiti Minimi (superficial posterior) Origin: Lateral epicondyle Insertion: Tendon of Extensor Digitorum of pinkie Action: Extends pinkie and hand |
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Extensor Carpi Ulnaris (superficial posterior) Origin: Lateral epicondyle; posterior border of ulna Insertion: Metacarpal V Action: Extends and adducts hand at wrist joint |
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Abductor Pollicis Longus (deep posterior) Origin: Posterior of radius & ulna; interosseous membrane Insertion: Metacarpal I Action: Abducts and extends thumb; abducts hand at wrist |
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Extensor Pollicis Brevis (deep posterior) Origin: Posterior of radius; interosseous membrane Insertion: Proximal Phalanx of thumb Action: Extends proximal phalanx and metacarpal of thumb; abducts hand at wrist |
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Extensor Pollicis Longus (deep posterior) Origin: Posterior of ulna; interosseous membrane Insertion: Base of distal phalanx of thumb Action: Extends distal phalanx and metacarpal of thumb; abducts hand |
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Extensor Indices (deep posterior) Origin: Posterior of ulna and interosseus membrane Insertion: Tendon of extensor digitorum of index finger Action: Extends phalanges of the index finger at interphalangeal joints; extends hand |
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Flexor retinaculum Forms carpal tunnel |
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Extensor retinaculum Holds extensor muscle tendons in place |
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Synovial Joint Components |
Articular capsule Synovial fluid Accessory ligaments |
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Bursae/Bursitis |
Fluid filled sac-like structures that alleviate friction. Bursitis is inflammation caused by repeated exertion of a joint |
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Arrangements of Muscle fibres |
Parallel Fusiform Circular Triangular Pennate |
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Muscle compartment |
Group of skeletal muscles, associated blood vessels, and nerves with a common function |
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Parts of the frontal bone (4) |
Orbit Frontal Squama Supraorbital margin Supraorbital foramen |
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Parietal bone |
locate |
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Parts of occipital bone (3) |
Foramen magnum Occipital condyles External occipital protuberance |
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Parts of Temporal bone (9) |
Zygomatic process Mandibular fossa Articular tubercle External auditory meatus Internal auditory meatus Mastoid process Styloid process Carotid foramen Jugular foramen |
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Sphenoid bone (2) |
"Keystone" Optic foramen Superior orbital fissure |
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Sutures |
Coronal Sagittal Lambdoid (parietal and occipital) Squamous (parietal and temporal) |
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Facial bones (7) |
Nasal bone Lacrimal bone Palatine Vomer (septum) Maxillae Zygomatic bone Mandibular bone |
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Parts of the Mandible (3) |
Coronoid process Condylar process Ramus |
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Bones of the spine |
7 cervical 12 thoracic 7 lumbar 5 (fused) sacral 4 coccyxal |
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Parts of the sacrum |
Base Posterior sacral foramen Anterior sacral foramen Sacral cana Median sacral crest Lateral sacral crest Sacral hiatus Transverse lines Apex Coccyx |
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Parts of the Sternum (5) |
Manubrium Clavicular notch Suprasternal notch Body Xiphoid process |
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Parts of the rib, true ribs vs. false, spaces between ribs |
Superior facet Inferior facet Tubercle Articular facet Costal groove Facet for costal cartilage True ribs: 1-7 False ribs: 8-12 11&12 are floating ribs Spaces between ribs: Intercostal spaces |
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Parts of the scapula (14) |
Spine Acromion Supraspinous fossa Infraspinous fossa Superior angle Inferior angle Lateral (axillary) border Medial (vertebral) border Infraglenoid tubercle supraglenoid tubercle Glenoid cavity coracoid process Subscapular fossa Scapular notch |
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Parts of the humerus (forms the glenohumeral joint) |
Head Body Greater tubercle Lesser tubercle Intertubercular groove Deltoid tuberosity Medial supracondylar ridge Lateral supracondylar ridge Medial epicondyle Lateral epicondyle Olecranon fossa Coronoid fossa Radial fossa Trochlea Capitulum |
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Pectoral Girdle |
Clavicle + Scapula Does not articulate vertebral column |
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Parts of the radius (6) Parts of the ulna (8) |
Radius Head Articular circumference Radial tuberosity Styloid process Ulnar notch Articular surface -------------------------- Olecranon Trochlear notch Radial notch Coronoid process Styloid process Ulnar tuberosity Head of ulna Articular circumference |
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Carpal Tunnel |
Formed by the pisiform, hamate, scaphoid, & trapezium |
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Biceps Brachii Origin: Supraglenoid tubercle and coronoid process Insertion: Radial tuberosity Action: Flexes arm at elbow and shoulder |
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Brachialis (deep to biceps) "Workhorse" Origin: Distal and anterior end of humerus Insertion: Ulnar tuberosity & coronoid process Action: Flexion at elbow |
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Brachioradialis Origin: lateral border of humerus Insertion: above styloid process of radius Action: Flexion at elbow |
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Triceps Brachii Origin (3 heads): Infragleoid tubercle, posterior surface of humerus and lateral surface of humerus Insertion: Olecranon Action: Extension at shoulder and elbow |
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Pronator teres Origin: medial epicondyle & coronoid process Insertion: Partway down radius Action: Pronates forearm |
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Pronator quadratus Origin: distal end of ulna Insertion: Distal end of radius Action: Pronates forearm |
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Supinator Origin: Lateral epicondyle Insertion: Lateral proximal end of radius Action: Supinates forearm |
