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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The brain stem consists of the ____?
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midbrain, medulla oblongata, and pons
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What cells line the ventricles of the brain?
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ependymal cells
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How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?
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31 pairs
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The cell bodies of the sensory neurons of the spinal nerves are located in ______.
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dorsal root ganglion (also called spinal ganglion)
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Which fissure separates the cerebral hemispheres?
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The longitudinal fissure
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Which fissure separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum?
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The transverse fissure
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Preparing the body for "fight-or-flight" response is the role of the ____.
A) sympathetic nervous system B) cerebrum C) parasympathetic nervous system D) somatic nervous system |
A) sympathetic nervous system
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The parasympathetic nervous system is characterized by peripheral ganglia near the _____.
A) organs and by short postganglionic fibers B) organs and by long postganglionic fibers C) spinal cord and by short postganglionic fibers D) spinal cord and by long postganglionic fibers |
A) organs and by short postganglionic fibers
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In contrast to the somatic nervous system, the autonomic nervous system ____.
A) has two efferent neurons B) has two afferent neurons C) stimulates its effector cells D) has both afferent and effernt fibers |
A) has two efferent neurons
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The secretions of the adrenal medulla act to supplement the effects of ____.
A) parasympathetic innervation B) sympathetic stimulation C) vagus nerve activity D) neurosecretory substances |
B) sympathetic stimulation
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A drug that might be used specifically to reduce heart rate in cardiac patients could be ____.
A) anticholinesterase B) epinephrine C) norepinephrine D) a beta-blocker |
D) a beta-blocker
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Cardiovascular effects of the sympathetic division include all except ____.
A) construction of most blood vessels B) dilation of the vessels serving the skeletal muscles C) increase of heart rate and force D) dilation of the blood vessels serving the skin and digestive viscera |
D) dilation of the blood vessels serving the skin and digestive
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Over 90% of all parasympathetic fibers are derived from cranial nerve number ____.
A) V B) VII C) X D) XII |
C) X
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Which of these effectors is not directly controlled by the autonomic nervous system?
A) smooth muscle B) cardiac muscle C) skeletal muscle D) most glands |
C) skeletal muscle
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Which of the following is not a result of the of the parasympathetic stimulation?
A) salivation B) dilation of the pupils C) increased peristalsis of the digestive viscera D) relaxation of the urethral spincter |
B) dilation of the pupils
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The site of origin of the preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic nervous system is the ____.
A) thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord B) higher brain centers C) sympathetic chain D) brain stem and teh sacral region of teh cord |
D) brain stem and the sacral region of the cord
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Sympathetic responses generally are widespread because ____.
A) inactivation of ACh is fairly slow B) single preganglionic axons make multiple synapses with ganglionic neurons C) preganglionic fibers are short D) preganglionic fibers are long |
B) single preganglionic axons make multiple synapses with ganglionic neurons
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Sympathetic nerves may leave the spinal cord at which vertebrae?
A) second cervical B) third lumbar C) first coccyx D) first thoracic |
D) first thoracic
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Autonomic ganglia contain ____.
A) an outer connective tissue capsule around the cell bodies of preganglionic motor neurons B) synapses between postganglionic fibers and their effectors C) the cell bodies of motor neurons D) both somatic afferent and efferent neurons |
C) the cell bodies of motor neurons
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The parasympathetic fibers of the ____ nerves innervate smooth muscles of the lens of the eye, the muscles that cause the eye to bulge to accommodate close vision.
A) optic B) oculomotor C) trochlear D) abducens |
B) oculomotor
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Fibers that enter and leave the sympathetic chain without synapsing form structures called ____.
A) white rami communicates B) gray rami communicantes C) spinal nerves D) splanchnic nerves |
D) splanchnic nerves
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Which is NOT a plexus of the vagus nerve?
A) cardiac B) pulmonary C) celiac D) esophageal |
C) celiac
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Visceral reflex arcs differ from somatic in that ____.
A) visceral arcs contain two sensory neurons B) somatic arcs contain one additional component that visceral arcs do not possess C) visceral arcs involve two motor neurons D) visceral arcs do not use integration centers |
C) visceral arcs involve two motor neurons
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The parasympathetic tone ____.
A) prevents unnecessary heart deceleration B) accelerates activity of the digestive tract C) determines normal activity of the urinary tract D) causes blood pressure to rise |
C) determines normal activity of the urinary tract
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The autonomic nervous system ____.
A) cannot be self-controlled B) has one primary division C) is not affected by drugs D) is directly controlled by the reticular formation of the brain stem |
D) is directly controlled by the reticular formation of the brain stem
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The white rami ____.
A) are found only in the C1-T1 cord segments B) are unmyelinated C) carry preganglionic axons to the sympathetic chain D) carry postganglionic fibers to the periphery |
C) carry preganglionic axons to the sympathetic chain
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Beta-blockers ____.
A) increase a dangerously low heart rate B) attach mainly to the B1 receptors of cardiac muscle C) have widespread sympathetic effects D) are potent antidepressants |
B) attach mainly to the B1 receptors of cardiac muscle
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Which is a uniquely sympathetic function?
A) regulation of pupil size B) regulation of cardiac rate C) regulation of respiratory rate D) regulation of body temperature |
D) regulation of body temperature
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Raynaud's disease ____.
A) is characterized by exaggerated vasoconstriction in the extremities B) is induced by heat stress C) occurs primarily in association iwth injury to the spinal cord D) is frequently life-threatening |
A) is characterized by exaggerated vasoconstriction in the extremities
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The mass reflex reaction ____.
A) is also known as autonomic areflexia B) represents a return of reflex activity with no controls from higher centers C) usually precedes spinal shock D) results from overexcitatory input from the cortex |
B) represents a return of reflex activity with no controls from higher centers
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In congenital megacolon (Hirschsprung's disease) ____.
A) symathetic innervation of a segment of the colon fails to develop B) feces are forced out of the colon prematurely C) medication usually returns the abnormal segment of the colon to normal D) the distal portion of the large intestine fails to develop parasympathetic innervation |
D) the distal portion of the large intestine fails to develop parasympathetic innervaiton
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In aging, autonomic inefficiency is often due to ____.
A) clogging of preganglionic axon terminals with filaments B) cerebral hemorrhage C) major loss of axons D) peripheral vascular changes |
A) clogging of preganglionic axon terminals with filaments
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Where would you NOT find an autonomic ganglion?
A) in the head B) in the cervical region C) close to the visceral effectors they serve D) in the armpit |
D) in the armpit
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The smooth muscle of the digestive viscera is served largely by the ____.
A) lumbar splanchnic nerves B) cephalic plexus C) pelvic nerves D) tenth cranial nerve |
D) tenth cranial nerve
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The route of major parasympathetic outflow from the head is the ____.
A) sympathetic trunk B) phrenic nerve C) vagus nerve D) sacral nerve |
C) vagus nerve
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Parasympathetic functions include ____.
A) a stimulation of heart rate and force of conttaction B) allowing the body to cope with external threat C) construction of bronchioles D) mobilizing storage energy sources |
C) construction of bronchioles
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All preganglionic axons of the autonomic nervous system release ____.
A) dopamine B) serotonin C) the same transmitter as the only one released by the sympathetic postganglionic axons D) the same transmitter as the one released by parasympathetic postganglionic axons |
D) the same transmitter as the one released by parasympathetic postganglionic axons
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