An Easy Guide To Learning Anatomy And Physiology By Bruce Forcien: Chapter 1

Front 1

Anatomy

Back 1

Body parts (Structure)

Front 2

Physiology

Back 2

Describes how the body parts function

Front 3

Homeostasis

Back 3

The ability of an organism to regulate variables in order to maintain stability

Front 4

Homeostatic Mechanism

Back 4

1) Stimulus- a change that elicites a response
2) Receptor- a sensor that monitors a system and sends signals to the control center
3) Control Center- receives the signal, analyzes it, and signals the appropriate response to the Effector
4) Effector- makes correctional changes on the system
....Cause and effect

Front 5

Positive Feedback

Back 5

Stimulus and and Response are the same, thus intensifying the action. For example: During Labor a hormone is secreted that causes contractions to be greater and greater until the baby is born

Front 6

Negative Feedback

Back 6

Stimulus and Response are opposite. For example: a thermostat causes the air conditioner to turn on when it gets too hot. It keeps the system as constant as possible.

Front 7

Two Parts of the Body

Back 7

1) Solid- Arms and Legs (Extremeties)
2) Hollow- Cavities that contain organs

Front 8

Body Cavities and Their Organs

Back 8

Dorsal
1) Cranial (Skull protects the Brain)
2) Spinal (Spine protects the Spinal Cord)

Ventral
1) Thoracic (Ribcage protects the Lungs and Heart)
2) Abdominopelvic (Contains the Abdominal and Pelvic Cavities)
3) Abdominal (Ribcage and Pelvis protects the Kidneys, Ureters, Stomach, Intestines, Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas)
4) Pelvic (Pelvis protects Bladder, Anus and Reproductive System)

Front 9

Ventral

Back 9

Front of the body. Think of your nose as a vent on the front of your body.

Front 10

Dorsal

Back 10

Back of the body. Think Dorsal fin

Front 11

Anatomical Position

Back 11

A reference point to describe where parts are located in the body

Front 12

Regional Terms

Back 12

Describe body parts

Front 13

Positional Terms

Back 13

Describe the location of parts in the body using "either or" methods. For example: Superior or Inferior

Front 14

Superior

Back 14

Above

Front 15

Inferior

Back 15

Below

Front 16

Anterior

Back 16

Toward the front

Front 17

Posterior

Back 17

Toward the back

Front 18

Medial

Back 18

Toward the Sagittal Plane

Front 19

Lateral

Back 19

Away from the Sagittal Plane

Front 20

Proximal

Back 20

Closer to the reference point

Front 21

Distal

Back 21

Farther from the reference point

Front 22

Superficial

Back 22

Toward the Surface

Front 23

Deep

Back 23

Away from the Surface

Front 24

Ipsilateral

Back 24

On the same side

Front 25

Contralateral

Back 25

On the opposite side

Front 26

Anatomical Planes

Back 26

1) Sagittal (Separates Left and Right)
2) Coronal or Frontal (Separates Front and Back)
3) Transverse (Separates Top and Bottom)

Front 27

Mid-Sagittal Plane or Median Plane

Back 27

Sagittal Plane that goes directly down the center of the body

Front 28

Parasagittal Plane

Back 28

Sagittal Plane that does not go through the center of the body

Front 29

Oblique Plane

Back 29

Plane that runs at an angle

Front 30

Abdominal Regions

Back 30

9 section method (Tic-Tac-Toe) and 4 section method(Quadrant Method). The 4 section method is most common.

Front 31

Tic-Tac-Toe Abdominal Regions

Back 31

Top Row: R & L Hypochondriac Regions and Epigastric Region
Middle Row: R & L Lumbar Region and Umbilical Region
Bottom Row: R & L Iliac Region and Hypogastric Region

Front 32

Abdominal Quadrant Regions

Back 32

Right upper Quadrant (RUQ)
Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)
Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)
Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)

Front 33

Tic-Tac-Toe Planes

Back 33

Two Para-sagittal Planes (Sometimes called Lateral Lines)
Two Transverse Planes (Transpyloric Plane on top and Transtuberbular Plane on the bottom)

Front 34

Integumentary System

Back 34

Hair, Skin, Nails, Sweat Glands, and Sebaceous Glands. Its function is protection and regulation of body temperature. It also supports sensory receptors that send info to the nervous system.

Front 35

Skeletal System

Back 35

Bones, Ligaments and Cartilage. It provides protection and support and produces red blood cells. It also stores chemical salts

Front 36

Muscular System

Back 36

Produces movement, helps to maintain posture and produces heat

Front 37

Nervous System

Back 37

Brain, Spinal Cord and Receptors. It receives sensory info, detects changes and responds by stimulating muscles and glands

Front 38

Endocrine System

Back 38

A series of glands that secrete hormones. It contains many feedback systems to help maintain homeostasis

Front 39

Cardiovascular System

Back 39

Heart, Arteries, Capillaries and Veins. Its function is to transport blood

Front 40

Lymphatic System

Back 40

Lymph Vessels, Lymph nodes, Thymus and Spleen. Its function is to return fluid to blood as well as transport some absorbed food molecules and defend against infection

Front 41

Respiratory System

Back 41

Nasal cavity, Lungs, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea and Bronchi. It supplies the body with oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide.

Front 42

Digestive System

Back 42

Alimentary canal (Large Tube) and some accessory organs. It's function is to receive, breakdown and absorb food. It also eliminates waste.

Front 43

Urinary System

Back 43

Kidneys, Ureters, Urinary Bladder and Urethra. Its function is to remove wastes, maintain water and electrolyte balance and store and transport urine.

Front 44

Male and Female Reproductive Systems

Back 44

Important for finishing growth and development and for producing offspring to carry our DNA