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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What was the first permanent British colony in the Americas? |
Jamestown |
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How did the settlers survive at the beginning of the settlement |
Indians taught them how to grow maize |
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How did Captain John Smith help them survive? |
He imposed strict discipline and forced all to labor declaring, "He that shall not work, shall not eat" |
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Sir Edwin Sandys |
A prominent member of congress who became head of the Virginia Company and instituted a series of reforms. |
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"Headright" Policy |
Any Englishman who bough into the company and can find passage to Virginia would be given 50 acres of land |
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When did the Virginia colony become a royal colony? |
In 1624 an English court dissolved it and Virginia became a royal colony |
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Nathaniel Bacon |
An English colonist who is famous for starting Bacon's Rebellion |
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What was the Bacon's Rebellion? |
It was a rebellion against the governor of Virginia's authority. Because of it new lands were opened to colonists. |
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How was Maryland established? |
Maryland was established in 1634 and became the first proprietary colony. |
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What was Maryland's economy based on? |
It centered around growing tobacco and selling it |
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How did the earlier settlers of New England differ from those of the Chesapeake? |
New England was occupied by farmers and merchants. There were few slaves. The colder climate meant that it was safer. |
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English Puritans |
A devout group of protestants whose mission was to create a model society based on God's commandments. They found Plymouth. |
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William Bradford |
The leader and captain of the Mayflower |
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Mayflower Compact |
An agreement to form a church on Plymouth that governed it. |
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What kind of government did Congregationalists in Massachusetts have? |
Like the pilgrims, there government revolved around the church. Membership to the church was limited to those who can demonstrate receipt of the gift of gods grace. |
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John Winthrop |
A lawyer animated by profound religious convictions. Winthrop resolved to use the colony as a refuge for persecuted Puritans. |
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What was John Winthrop referring to "a city upon the hill"? |
He was referring to the godly community he set out to make in Massachusetts |
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Roger Williams |
He was an Englishman who believed in mercy and liberty. He believed in complete separation of church and state. |
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Anne Hutchinson |
She was a puritan who believed she could tell who was going to hell and not. She was banished from Massachusetts because she admitted to getting direct revelations from god. Which is blasphemy. |
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King Philip's War |
John Sassamon, a converted Indian, told the English of an impending Wampanoag attack. He was later found dead. The English convicted three Indians, and that is when the war started. |
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Iroquois League |
A group of 12,000 Indians who came together and partnered with the Dutch. They were later defeated by the French |
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William Penn |
William Penn was a quaker who found Pennsylvania |
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Describe the colony of Georgia |
King George II gave the land to create a military buffer against Spanish Florida. Georgia had a lot of restrictions (rum and slave import restricted) which caused it to fail. However the restrictions were dropped and it grew in population. |
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How were the British colonies doing by the early 18th century? |
They had outstripped both the French and Spanish of land. British America was the most populous and biggest region on the continent. |
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Why did the population in colonial North American colonies increase more than England? |
It increased so fast because land was plentiful and labor was expensive so people were motivated to come to the Americas. |
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Why were black women in America excluded from church membership? |
They were excluded for fear that Christianized slaves would try to seek their freedom. |
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What was the status of women in colonial North America? |
They were very restricted, and could barely do anything. There job was to please their husband and nurture their children. |
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What was the economy in Virginia based on? |
The economy in Virginia was raced around crops, specifically tobacco. |
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Why was rice the perfect crop for South Carolina? |
Rice loves water; it flourishes in warm, moist soils, and it thrives when visited by frequent rains or watered by regular irrigation. The daily rise and fall of tidewater rivers perfectly suited a crop that required the alternate flooding and draining of fields. |
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Who were the indentured servants in the colonies? |
Indentured servants were made up mostly of convicts who wanted to escape the hangman |
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What was the Middle Passage |
A four week to six month Atlantic voyage which brought slaves from Africa. |
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How were the slaves treated when they arrived in America? |
They were treated like property (“chattel”), herded in chains to public slave auctions where they were sold to the highest bidder. |
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What was the “triangular trade”? |
New Englanders shipped rum to the west coast of Africa, where they bartered for slaves; took the enslaved Africans to the West Indies; and returned home with various commodities, including molasses, from which they manufactured rum. |
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What was one of the chronic problems facing colonial trade? |
They suffered from a chronic shortage of hard currency (coins), which drifted away to pay for imports and shipping charges. |
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As Congressionalists, how did New Englanders govern their communities? |
They governed using churches and god |
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How did the craze in Salem start? |
Three girls became fascinated with the fortunetelling and voodoo practiced by Tituba, an Indian slave. they said that Tituba, Sarah Good, and Sarah Osborn were Devil's Servants |
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Describe the ethnic mix in the middle colonies? |
The middle colonies were mixed with Germans, Irish, and Scots-Irish, Quakers, Calvinists, Lutherans, pretty much everything. |
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What was the Enlightenment |
The Enlightenment was a period that started in Europe but soon expanded to the colonies. It celebrated rational inquiry, scientific research, and individual freedom. |
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How did Benjamin Franklin embody the Enlightenment? |
He prized reason over revelation. He believed in a God that had created a universe animated by natural laws. |
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The Great Awakening |
The Great Awakening was a movement that spawned Protestant evangelicalism. It was the first popular movement before the American Revolution that spanned all thirteen colonies. |
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George Whitefield |
He was a young English minister who claimed that congregations were lifeless because "dead men preach to them" His objective was to reignite religious fervor in America. |
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What did Jonathan Edward describe in his famous sermon “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”? |
He reminded his congregation that hell is real and that God’s vision is omnipotent, his judgment certain. |
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Who had the legal authority over the colonies? |
The British monarchy |
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Mercantilism |
The belief that international power and influence depended upon a nation’s wealth and its ability to become economically self-sufficient. A nation could gain wealth only at the expense of another nation—by seizing its gold and silver and dominating its trade. |
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What were the Navigation Acts? |
It ordered that all trade between the colonies be carried in English ships, three quarters of whose crews now must be English. |
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How did the Massachusetts legislature react to the Navigation Acts |
It declared that the Navigation Acts had no legal standing in the colony. |
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How did William and Mary treat the colonies? |
They appointed new royal governors in Massa- chusetts, New York, and Maryland. In Massachusetts the new governor was given authority to veto acts of the assembly, and he removed the Puritans’ religious qualification for voting. |
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Why did the Spanish colonies in North America fail? |
The Spaniards who led the colonization effort in the Southwest failed to produce settlements with self- sustaining economies. Instead, the Spanish concentrated on building Catholic missions and forts and looking—in vain—for gold. |
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Where did the French first settle in North America? |
St. Lawrence River. Later Quebec was founded. |
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What was their relationship with the Indians? |
They had a good relationship they lived among them. |
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What was the French and Indian War? |
The climactic conflict between Britain and France in North America. It was sparked by competing claims over the ancestral Indian lands in the sprawl- ing Ohio River valley. |
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Treaty of Paris |
Signed in February 1763, it brought an end both to the world war and to the French empire in North America. Britain took all of France’s North American possessions east of the Mississippi River: all of Canada and all of what was then called Spanish Florida |
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Pontiac’s Rebellion? |
The widespread Indian attacks in the spring and summer of 1763. The Indian's did not want to give their land to the British after the treaty of paris. |
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Royal Proclamation of 1763 |
To keep piece with the Indians it drew an imaginary line along the crest of the Appalachian Mountains from Canada in the north to Georgia in the south that the Indians can have. |
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1765 Stamp Act |
created revenue stamps to be purchased and affixed to every form of printed matter used in the colonies: newspapers, pamphlets, bonds, leases, deeds, licenses, insurance policies, college diplomas, even playing cards. |
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How did the American colonists react to the Stamp Act? |
A flood of pamphlets, speeches, and resolu- tions, critics repeated a slogan familiar to all Americans: “no taxation with- out representation.” |
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Samuel Adams |
Samuel Adams was |
