America: A Narrative History Chapter 16

Front 1

What was Lincoln’ message to the nation in his inaugural speech?

Back 1

Lincoln repeated his pledge not “to interfere with the institution of slavery in the states where it exists.” Most of the speech emphasized Lincoln’s view that “the Union of these States is perpetual. He focused on secession and thought that not state should lawfully get out of the union.

Front 2

Who made up Lincoln’s cabinet?

Back 2

Four of the seven cabinet members had been his rivals for the presidency. Four were former Democrats, and three were former Whigs.

Front 3

What was the attack on fort sumter?

Back 3

First battle of the Civil War, in which the federal fort in Charleston (South Carolina) Harbor was captured by the Confederates on April 14, 1861, after two days of shelling.

Front 4

How did President Lincoln respond to the attack?

Back 4

he ordered that ships be sent to Charleston to resupply the sixty-nine federal soldiers at Fort Sumter. On April 9, President Jefferson Davis and his Confederate cabinet in Montgomery, Alabama, decided to oppose Lincoln’s effort to resupply the fort.

Front 5

What effect did the Union Naval blockade have on the Confederacy Sea’s ports?

Back 5

The massive naval operation quickly choked off southern commercial activity. Shortages of basic commodities generated a dramatic inflation in the prices of foodstuffs in the Confederacy

Front 6

What advantages did the North have over the South?

Back 6

The Union had an edge of about four to one in human resources. An even greater advantage for the North was its industrial development. The southern states that formed the Confederacy produced just 7 percent of the nation’s manufactured goods on the eve of the war. The Union states produced 97 percent of the firearms and 96 percent of the railroad equip- ment.

Front 7

After the fall of Fort Sumter, what common hope did partisans of both side hold? P. 500

Back 7

After the fall of Fort Sumter, partisans on both sides hoped that the war might end with one sudden bold stroke, the capture of Washington or the fall of Richmond.

Front 8

What was the Battle of Bull Run?

Back 8

It was the first major battle of the American Civil War. The Unionforces were slow in positioning themselves allowing Confederate reinforcements time to arrive by rail. Each side had about 18,000 poorly trained and poorly led troops in their first battle. It was a Confederate victory followed by a disorganized retreat of the Union forces.

Front 9

What does the anaconda strategy refers to?

Back 9

Like a snake strangling its prey, the Union army would crush its enemy through exerting pressure on Richmond, blockading Confederate ports, and dividing the South by invading its major waterways.

Front 10

What strategies did the Confederate and the Union use to build up their armies?

Back 10

The Federal Congress recruited five hundred thousand more men and after the Battle of Bull Run added another five hundred thousand. The nineteenth-century U.S. army often organized its units along community and ethnic lines. In the Confederacy, Jefferson Davis initially called up one hundred thousand twelve-month volunteers. Once the fighting started, he was authorized to enlist up to four hundred thousand three-year volunteers.

Front 11

Why was the significant of the Battle at Fort Donelson?

Back 11

On February 16 a force of twelve thousand Confederates at fort Donelson surrendered. It was the first major Union victory of the war.

Front 12

What was the Battle of Antietam? Ps. 511-512

Back 12

It was the first major battle in the American Civil War to take place on Union soil. It is the bloodiest single-day battle in American history, with a combined tally of dead, wounded, and missing at 22,717.

Front 13

How did the Emancipation Proclamation change the nature of the Civil War?

Back 13

Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation sparked new efforts to organize all-black Union military units. The unions army grew bigger and enslaved blacks in the confederation grew hopeful.

Front 14

What effect did the Emancipation Proclamation have on the formation of black military units? How were black soldiers treated during the Civil War?

Back 14

Racism was still an issue in the Union. Blacks weren't allowed to become commissioned officers and were payed less than whites.

Front 15

How did women on both sides play prominent roles in the Civil War? How many women served as nurses and other health-related volunteers?

Back 15

They worked in factories, sewed uniforms, composed patriotic poems and songs, and raised money and supplies. In the North alone, some twenty thousand women served as nurses or other health-related volunteer

Front 16

What role did religion play in the Civil War?

Back 16

Both sides believed they were fighting a holy war with God’s divine favor. The Confederate constitution explicitly invoked the guidance of Almighty God. Every regiment on both sides had an ordained chaplain, and devotional services in military camps were regularly held and widely attended.

Front 17

Who won the battle of Chancellorsville? What did General Lee meant by “I have lost my right arm”? P.524

Back 17

While the confederates won, Thomas Stonewall Jackson was killed by his own confederate men. General Lee felt he had lost his right arm because he thought he could not replace Jackson.

Front 18

Who won the Battle of Gettysburg?

Back 18

The Union won the Battle of Gettysburg. With nothing left to do but retreat, on July 4 Lee’s mangled army, with about a third of its number gone, began to slog south through a driving rain.

Front 19

What was the purpose of Sherman March to the sea?

Back 19

His intention was to “whip the rebels, to humble their pride, to follow them into their inmost recesses, and make them fear and dread us.”

Front 20

Where did Lee surrender to Grant?

Back 20

Lee, in his dress uniform replete with a red silk sash, met the short, mud-spattered Grant in the par- lor of Wilmer McLean’s home at Appomattox Court House to ten- der his surrender

Front 21

How many soldiers died in the Civil War?

Back 21

Over 620,000 soldiers and sailors (37,000 of whom were blacks fighting for the Union side) died in the conflict from wounds or disease.