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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Dyspnea?
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Shortness of breath
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What is Dyspnea on Exertion (DOE)?
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Temporary dyspnea that occurs during activity.
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Examples of Dyspnea on Exertion(DOE)?
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Short of breath when walking, doing household chores, exercising, etc.
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What is Orthopnea?
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A term used to describe dyspnea(shortness of breath) upon lying down in supine position.
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What cures Orthopnea?
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Sitting up instead of laying down
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What is Paroxysmal Noctural Dyspnea(PND)?
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Awakening at night gasping for air
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What is Apnea?
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Brief pauses in breathing patterns.
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What is Sleep Apnea?
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Breathing disorder characterized by brief interruptions of breathing during sleep
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What are the 2 types of Sleep Apnea?
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Central and Obstructive
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What happens in central sleep apnea?
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Brain fails to send the appropriate signals to the breathing muscles to initiate respirations.
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What happens in obstructive apnea?
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Air cannot flow into or out of the person’s nose or mouth although efforts to breathe continue.
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What is the most common form of sleep apnea?
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Obstructive sleep apnea
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What are the Causes of Obstructive Sleep Apnea?
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Throat muscles and tongue relax during sleep and partially block the opening of the airway.
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What is the cause of Kussmaul respirations?
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really high blood sugar levels.
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What happens during Kussmaul respirations?
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Deep, gasping, rapid breathing.
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What are the 3 kinds of Abnormal Breathing Patterns?
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Kussmaul, Cheyne-Stokes, and Biot’s
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What happens during Cheyne-Stokes respirations?
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Alternating periods of apnea and hyperpnea.
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What happens during Biot’s respirations?
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Irregular periods of apnea alternating with periods in which four or five breaths of identical depth are taken.
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What is Bradypnea?
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(SLOW- less then 10 breaths per minute)
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What is the normal breathing rate?
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10-20 breaths per minute
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Bradypnea leads to h_____c____
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hypercapnia or hypercarbia
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What is hypercapnia or hypercarbia? And production of what increases?
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CO2 removal does not keep up with CO2 production. PaCO2 increases
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Hypercapnia or hypercarbia is...i____ carbon dioxide in the arterial blood caused by h___v___
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Increased carbon dioxide in the arterial blood caused by hypoventilation.
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What is it called when pressure builds up in the brain?
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Hypoxia. Lack of oxygen
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What are the Effects of Hypercapnia?
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Increased CO2 limits the amount of O2 available for diffusion into the blood
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What is the saying "early RAT is late to BED" referring to?
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Symptoms of Hypoxia
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What does "RAT" and "BED" stand for?
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R- restlessness, A- anxiety, T-tachycardia. B-bradycardia, E- extreme restlessness, D-dyspnea
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What is Cyanosis?
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A bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by hypoxemia.
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Central cyanosis is best seen in the mouth or l___?
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Lips
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Peripheral cyanosis is best seen in nail beds or fingers and t___
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Toes
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What is Tachypnea?
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Rapid respiratory rate.
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In Tachypnea... The lungs remove ____ faster than it is produced by cellular metabolism.
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CO2
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Tachypnea results in...hypoc____.
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Hypocapnia
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Hypocapnia is g____ then 20 breaths a minute
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Greater
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A cough happens to get rid of what?
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Respiratory secretions and foreign or irritating substances are naturally removed by the cough reflex.
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What are the 2 types of cough?
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Productive and Non-Productive
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What is Mucopurulent sputum?
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Thick and has mucus and pus
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What is Hemoptysis?
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Coughing up blood or bloody secretions.
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What is Pleura?
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The lining of the lung
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