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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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_______ is a phenomenon resulting from the passage of an aircraft through the atmosphere. |
Wake Turbulence |
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______ are circular patterns of air created by the movement of an airfoil through the air when generating lift. |
Vortices |
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The strength of a vortex is governed by which three factors? |
Weight of the aircraft, shape of the wing, speed of the aircraft. |
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The greatest vortex strength is generated when the aircraft is ______, _____, and ______. |
Heavy, clean, slow. |
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The _____ of the aircraft is by far the greatest factor that affects the intensity of wake turbulence. |
Weight |
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When viewing the aircraft from behind, vortex circulation off the wingtip is _______ off the right wing; ______ off the left wing. |
Counterclockwise ; clockwise |
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The circular patterns created by wake turbulence are often know as _____. |
Vortices |
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For fixed-wing aircraft, vortices begin at what stage of flight? |
When the aircraft generates lift, normally when the nose wheel leaves the ground. |
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When do fixed-wing aircraft stop generating lift? |
At landing when all landing gear has touched down. |
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Vortices from larger aircraft sink at ____ to ____ feet per minute. |
300, 500 |
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Vortices normally level off ____ to _____ feet below the flight path |
500, 1000 |
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What conditions could cause vortices to descend at a slower rate or climb slightly? |
Temperature inversions may slow the descent and light updrafts may cause them to climb. |
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When close to the ground and there is zero wind, vortices from large aircraft will move laterally at a speed of ___ to ___ knots, within 100 to 200 feet of the ground. |
Two to three knots |
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For landing aircraft, crosswinds of 1 to 5 knots tend to ______ the lateral movement of one vortex while ______ the movement of the other. |
Decrease or stall, increasing |
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______ ____ is the mechanical force a wake vortex has on an aircraft. |
Induced roll |
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Counter control is most effective and roll is minimal when the wingspan and the ailerons extend beyond the ______ of the vortex. |
Outer edges |
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In which direction(s) is helicopter down wash directed? |
All directions |
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How far does the vortex from helicopter down wash extend? |
Three times the diameter of the rotor. |
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When do helicopters generate wingtip vortices? |
When in forward flight |
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When is jet blast normally experienced? |
During ground operations and during initial takeoff roll prior to lift. |
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Why is the controller NOT responsible for anticipating the existence of effects of wake turbulence? |
Because it is unpredictable |
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Wake turbulence has the greatest impact on atc in the areas of _____. A. Damage and money B. Increased separation C. Resources and staffing |
B. Increased separation |
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The definition of "wake turbulence" includes a number of phenomena affecting flight safety. Which of the four choices are NOT included in the definition? A. Jet blast B. Rotor wash C. Mach buffet D. Propeller wash |
C. Mach buffet |
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Vortices are generated at the moment an aircraft begins to ______. A. Slow on approach B. Touchdown on the runway C. Taxi D. Generate lift |
D. Generate lift |
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_______ is jet engine exhaust A. Jet blast B. Wake turbukence C. Prop wash D. Counter control |
A. Jet blast |
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A _____ wing allows for a stronger vortex to be generated, because without flaps the wing has smaller area and wing loading is greater per square foot. A. Delta B. High C. Low D. Clean configured |
D. Clean configured |
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With zero wind, vortices near the ground will travel laterally at a speed of ______ knots. A. 10 to 20 B. 5 to 10 C. 2 to 3 D. 0 |
C. 2 to 3 |
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Downwash is created by ______. A. Propeller driven aircraft B. Helicopters C. Jet aircraft D. Turboprop airplane |
B. Helicopters |
