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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
_______ is the effect of the rotating air masses generated behind the wing tips of aircraft or behind the rotor tips of helicopters in forward motion. |
Wake Turbulence |
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____ describes the nature of the air masses (in Wake Turbulence) |
Wake Vortex / Vortices |
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_________ are circular patterns of air created by the movement of an airfoil through the air when generating lift. |
Vortices |
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Vortices from ______to_______ aircraft can be of extremely high velocity. |
Large to Heavy |
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What three factors govern the strength of a vortex? |
Weight of aircraft, Shape of the wing, Speed of the generating aircraft |
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The greatest vortex strength is generated when the aircraft is _____,______,and _______. |
Heavy, Clean, Slow. |
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________ refers to an aircraft's configuration when it has its gear up, no flaps extended, or any other type of wing extensions e.g. air brakes. |
Clean |
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What is the greatest factor of an aircraft that affects the intensity of wake turbulence. |
Weight |
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True or False. |
True |
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The __________ can be changed when the flaps are extended. |
Intensity of the vortex |
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What is it called when an aircraft extends flaps, lowers the gear, or changes the configuration of the wing, this is commonly referred to as a ______ configuration. |
Dirty |
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A dirty configured wing _______ the total wing area and ________ the wing loading |
Increases ; Decreases |
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True or False. The slower the aircraft the larger the wake turbulence. |
True |
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Strength of vortices will diminish with ____ and ____? |
Time and Distance. |
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Greatest wake turbulence is associated with which aircraft configuration. (3 answers) |
Heavy, Clean, and Slow |
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Pressure differential triggers a rollup of airflow, also known as _________ |
Rollup Effect |
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_______ effect results in two counter-rotating cylindrical vortices causing wake turbulence. |
Rollup |
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Viewing the plane from the backside: What direction does the LEFT wake turn? What does the RIGHT wing turn? |
Clockwise ; Counter-clockwise |
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Vortices begin at ________ |
Rotation lift |
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Vortices end at ________ |
touched down. (Landing gear) |
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Both Vortices will drift _______ |
outward |
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Sink rate of vortices is _____ to ______ ft/min. |
300 to 500 feet per minute. |
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Vortices normally dissipate from ____ to ____ ft below the flight path |
500 to 1000 |
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When vortices are close to the ground with zero wind vortices will move laterally __ to __ knots |
2 to 3 knots |
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Vortices are subject to __________ and ________ |
Tailwind/Headwind and Crosswind |
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_________ is the mechanical force a wake vortex has on an aircraft. |
Induced Roll |
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Counter control is most effective and roll is minimal when the wing span and the ailerons extend beyond the ___of the vortex. |
Outer Edges |
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Hazardous conditions occur when the induced roll exceeds the level of ______ |
Roll Control |
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Downwash from a helicopter goes in what direction? (when a helicopter is hovering) |
ALL directions. |
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Helicopters will generate wingtip vortices when? |
In forward flight |
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A hovering helicopter creates a downwash from its main roters that can travel up to how far. |
Three Times the diameter of the rotor. |
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Jet engine exhaust is also known as ________ |
Jet Blast |
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When is Jet blast normally experienced? |
During ground operations and during initial take off roll prior to lift. |
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A controller is _________ for anticipating wake turbulence because it is unpredictable |
Not responsible |
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Wake turbulence has the greatest impact on ATC in the areas of __________. |
C. Increased separating and traffic management delays |